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Carvalho MCM, Abreu AS, Silva MS, Cantanhede SPD, Monroe TGR, Araújo LS, Tchaicka L. Gastropods potential intermediate hosts of parasites in the region of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park/Brazil, an international tourist destination. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e283163. [PMID: 39417438 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.283163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Several aquatic ecosystems present favorable conditions for the establishment of freshwater gastropod populations in Maranhão (Brazil). However, research on these snails in this Brazilian state is more focused on Baixada Maranhense, an endemic area for schistosomiasis in Maranhão. Considering the need to expand information on the occurrence of limnic gastropods in Maranhão, a qualitative study was carried out in the Microregion of Lençóis Maranhenses. The capture of freshwater snails was carried out between June 2016 and November 2019. Were obtained 3,244 specimens of freshwater gastropods: 2,372 specimens of Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848); 17 specimens of Biomphalaria schrammi (Crosse, 1864); 19 specimens of Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1939); 115 specimens of (Hydrobiidae; Rissooidea); 24 specimens of Physa marmorata Guilding, 1828; 73 specimens of Pomacea maculata (Perry, 1810); 613 specimens of Pomacea sp. (Perry, 1810). Were also found 11 shells of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). The greatest richness of snails was observed in Tutóia. The most abundant species during the study was B. straminea (73,45%). Pomacea sp. was the most representative species with constant frequency (57,15%) in the Lençóis Maranhenses Microregion, present in lentic and lotic ecosystems. The forecast maps indicate the possibility of occurrence and establishment of freshwater gastropods species throughout the investigated region. The presence of gastropods that are hosts of parasites represents a risk to human health, especially in the Lençóis Maranhenses area, which is one of Brazil's tourist destinations. Studies on the occurrence and distribution of limnic gastropods are of great relevance for understanding the conservation status of existing species. Furthermore, they are necessary to monitor snails that act as parasite hosts.
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Silva MS, Scalon SPQ, Santos CC, Silverio JM, Santos JKV, Dresch DM. Does silicon help to alleviate water deficit stress and in the recovery of Dipteryx alata seedlings? BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e259016. [PMID: 35946639 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficit to causes serious problems in the growth and development of plants, impairing their metabolism. Thus, it is necessary to use agents that can mitigate plant damage. This study assesses the potential of silicon to mitigate water deficit stress in Dipteryx alata Vogel seedlings and to help in their recovery after the resumption of irrigation. The study analyzed four water regimes: (I) Continuous irrigation; (II) Water deficit without Si; (III) Water deficit + 0.75 mL Si; and (IV) Water deficit + 1.50 mL Si. Seedlings were evaluated in four periods: (1) (T0 - time zero) at the beginning of the experiment, before irrigation suspension; (2) (P0) when the photosynthetic rates (A) of seedlings under irrigation suspension reached values close to zero, period in which irrigation was resumed; (3) (REC) when A reached values close to those of seedlings under continuous irrigation, characterizing the recovery period; and (4) (END) 45 days after REC, when seedlings were kept under continuous irrigation, similar to the control. Application of 0.75 mL Si alleviates damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of D. alata seedlings that remain longer under water deficit, and contributes to faster physiological recovery after the resumption of irrigation. D. alata seedlings have recovery potential after the stress period, regardless of Si application.
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Dutra-Vieira FM, Silva MS, Vieira GS, Carvalho AS, Schimming BC. Diet of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in two conservation units of the Amazon rainforest, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e252093. [PMID: 34932633 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.252093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the diet of the free-living crab-eating fox by identifying the stomach contents of the 17 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) roadkilled in two conservation units, both located in the Amazon rainforest. The food items were quantified by frequency of occurrence (FO) and percentage of occurrence (PO). The stomach contents were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), and mineral matter (MM). Nitrogen-free extractives (NFE), metabolisable energy (ME) values, as well as the energy need for maintenance were estimated. The composition of the diet for the crab-eating fox presented 29 food items from the different taxonomic groups, with a greater diversity of items of animal origin (n=22), although the highest frequency of occurrence was gramineae (Poaceae) (41.18%). Among the items of animal origin, 21% were mammals, 18% reptiles, 10% amphibians, 9% invertebrates and 3% birds. A high content of CF (62.76%) were determined. Nitrogen-free extractive and dry matter averages were 5.91% and 141.82 kcal/100g, respectively. The average maintenance energy was 447.01 kcal/day. These findings suggesting that the crab-eating foxes have a generalist diet with an omnivorous diet in the Amazon basin, feeding on gramineae, fruits, insects, snakes, amphibians, birds and small mammals and have the same feeding habit that present in other Brazilian biomes.
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Schalka S, Silva MS, Lopes LF, de Freitas LM, Baptista MS. The skin redoxome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:181-195. [PMID: 34719068 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Redoxome is the network of redox reactions and redox active species (ReAS) that affect the homeostasis of cells and tissues. Due to the intense and constant interaction with external agents, the human skin has a robust redox signalling framework with specific pathways and magnitudes. The establishment of the skin redoxome concept is key to expanding knowledge of skin disorders and establishing better strategies for their prevention and treatment. This review starts with its definition and progress to propose how the master redox regulators are maintained and activated in the different conditions experienced by the skin and how the lack of redox regulation is involved in the accumulation of several oxidation end products that are correlated with various skin disorders.
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Meneses RB, Silva MS, Monteiro MLG, Rocha-Leão MHM, Conte-Junior CA. Effect of dairy by-products as milk replacers on quality attributes of ice cream. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10022-10035. [PMID: 32896416 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ricotta whey (RW), cheese whey (CW), and butter whey (BUW) as replacers of whole milk (WM) at different ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0) in the physicochemical and sensory qualities of ice cream. All formulations, including a commercial sample used as reference, were analyzed for nutritional composition, energy value, pH, titratable acidity (TA), melting behavior, desorption index, instrumental color properties, instrumental hardness, and consumer sensory testing. Overall, the addition of RW, CW, and BUW increased the moisture content, TA, melting rate, and redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values but decreased the pH, lightness (L*) value, energy value, levels of ash, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate. As exception, CW did not influence the TA, and BUW resulted in lower lipid reduction and in lower hardness changes, and it did not affect the content of ash, protein, and a* and b* values of ice creams. Any ice cream formulation had dietary fibers and a desorption index. Ricotta whey and CW at all ratios and BUW at 25% did not affect overall liking compared with the commercial sample, whereas purchase intention was only decreased by the addition of BUW from 50 to 100%. Ricotta whey at 75 and 100% decreased melting velocity and creaminess, and BUW at 50, 75, and 100% increased hardness, TA, and cream flavor but decreased creaminess, which contributed negatively to overall liking. Therefore, the evaluated dairy by-products, especially RW and CW, have great potential for replacing milk in ice creams.
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Cavaco A, Figueiredo J, Laureano G, Sousa Silva M, Matos A, Figueiredo A. Subtilisin-like proteins and lipid signalling events: the missing links in grapevine resistance to Plasmopara viticola. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2019.1248.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Teixeira TL, Castilhos P, Rodrigues CC, da Silva AA, Brígido RT, Teixeira SC, Borges BC, Dos Santos MA, Martins FA, Santos PCF, Servato JPS, Silva MS, da Silva MJB, Elias MC, da Silva CV. Experimental evidences that P21 protein controls Trypanosoma cruzi replication and modulates the pathogenesis of infection. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103618. [PMID: 31310832 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
P21 is a protein secreted by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Previous studies have shown a spectrum of biological activities performed by P21 such as induction of phagocytosis, leukocyte chemotaxis and inhibition of angiogenesis. However, the activity of P21 in T. cruzi infection remains unknown. Here, we reported the role of P21 in mice harboring late T. cruzi infection. Treatment with recombinant P21 protein (rP21) reduced parasite load and angiogenesis, and induced fibrosis in the cardiac tissue of infected mice. In addition, rP21 reduced the growth of epimastigotes, inhibited intracellular replication of amastigotes and modulated the parasite cell cycle. Our data suggest that P21 controls parasite replication in the host, supporting the survival of both parasite and host.
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Oliveira ALP, Costa JF, Silva MS, Ribeiro TR, Fonteles CSR, Martins RARC, Chaves Filho FCM. Aplicabilidade de Óleos Essenciais em Materiais Dentários: uma Revisão de Literatura. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n5p88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as propriedades terapêuticas dos óleos essenciais (OEs) em Odontologia visando sua aplicabilidade em materiais dentários com ação antimicrobiana. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE e BVS, utilizando os descritores Oils, Volatile, Dental Materials e Anti-Infective Agents em português e inglês. Foram encontrados 51 artigos publicados no período de 2007 a 2017 e 15 foram selecionados através de leitura de títulos e resumos, excluindo-se relatos de casos. Durante a análise dos artigos, destacaram-se os OEs de Lippia sidoides, timol, carvacrol e Rosmarinus officinalis que, além de serem de fácil obtenção, apresentaram atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica significativa contra S. Mutans, C. Albicans e E. Faecalis. Essas propriedades apresentadas pelos OEs propiciaram potenciais aplicabilidades em dentifrícios, enxaguatórios bucais, condicionadores de tecido, aplicações intracanal, adesivos e vernizes conferindo-lhes características antimicrobianas importantes no controle dos patógenos orais agindo de forma versátil em diferentes sítios a depender do local de aplicação do material. Importante destacar que a validação científica, clínica e comercial da atividade terapêutica dos OEs em materiais dentários são essenciais para possibilitar avanços na odontologia preventiva e restauradora, possibilitando, alternativas naturais, com poucos efeitos colaterais e que possam melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.Palavras-chave: Oils. Volatile. Dental Materials. Anti-Infective Agents.
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Costa JF, Silva MS, Oliveira ALP, Ribeiro TR, Fonteles CSR, Martins RARC, Marinho RBV, Chaves Filho FCM. Efeito Antibacteriano do Carvacrol e Timol nos Materiais Dentários: uma Revisão de Literatura. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n5p71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo desta revisão é descrever a atividade antimicrobiana dos Óleos Essenciais (OE’s) carvacrol e timol e suas aplicações nos materiais dentários.Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, utilizando-se as bases de dados “Medline”, “Lilacs” e “SciELO”, os descritores “Anti-infecciosos”, “Thymol”, “Oils, Volatile”, tendo sido encontrados 571 artigos e selecionados 25 publicados entre 2007 e 2017, escritos em inglês, português e/ou espanhol. Relatos de casos foram excluídos. As pesquisas com materiais dentários contendo produtos naturais aumentaram devido à busca por novas substâncias com maior atividade farmacológica, menor toxicidade e maior biocompatibilidade. Dentre os estudos levantados, os OE’s carvacrol e timol se mostraram mais prevalentes. A atividade antibacteriana destes compostos pode ocorrer pela desestabilização da parede celular, aumento da permeabilidade da membrana citoplasmática e pela alteração de vários sistemas enzimáticos, incluindo aqueles envolvidos na produção de energia celular e na síntese de componentes estruturais. Entre as possibilidades de aplicações, estes OE’s foram empregados em soluções irrigadoras para canais radiculares, dentifrícios, exaguatórios bucais e vernizes, demonstrando eficácia antibacteriana. Portanto, estudos desses produtos naturais na odontologia são realizados, visando à obtenção de materiais dentários com agentes antimicrobianos que possibilitem a prevenção e tratamento de doenças bucais, com poucos efeitos colaterais indesejáveis e fácil acesso à população.Palavras-chave: Anti-Infecciosos. Thymol. Oils. Volatile.
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Simões KS, Silva SA, Machado EL, Silva MS. Genetic divergence in elite castor bean lineages based on TRAP markers. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2017; 16:gmr-16-03-gmr.16039776. [PMID: 28973755 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16039776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a tropical plant of great commercial interest and a potential source of biodiesel. The development of genetically improved cultivars with high amounts of oil in the seeds and low ricin toxicity is crucial to increase the productivity of this crop. The use of TRAP (target region amplification polymorphism) markers to develop elite lineages and study genetic divergence is fundamental to advance the genetic improvement of this species. The goal of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence among 40 elite lineages of R. communis, which belong to the NBIO-UFRB Genetic Improvement Program, using TRAP markers involved in the biosynthesis of oil and ricin. Total DNA was extracted and quantified from the leaf tissue of the castor bean plants, and 70 TRAP combinations (fixed and arbitrary primers) were used to genotype the 40 lineages. Of the 580 fragments amplified, 335 were polymorphic (58%). The genetic dissimilarity among the lineages was calculated by the Jaccard dissimilarity index using the UPGMA grouping method. A dendrogram was generated, and four groups formed, showing divergence among the elite lineages that favors selection. The TRAP molecular markers were efficient at characterizing the genetic variability among the lineages and, because TRAP markers are functional markers involved in the biosynthesis of oil and ricin, they are important when studying the association between a marker and a candidate gene.
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Kubota TYK, Silva AM, Cambuim J, Silva AA, Pupin S, Silva MS, Moraes MA, Moraes MLT, Sebbenn AM. Mendelian inheritance, genetic linkage, and genotypic disequilibrium for nine microsatellite loci in Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze (Lecythidaceae). GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2017; 16:gmr-16-02-gmr.16029653. [PMID: 28481404 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cariniana estrellensis is one of the largest trees found in Brazilian tropical forests. The species is typical of advanced stages of succession, characteristic of climax forests, and essential in genetic conservation and environmental restoration plans. In this study, we assessed Mendelian inheritance, genetic linkage, and genotypic disequilibrium in nine microsatellite loci for a C. estrellensis population. We sampled and genotyped 285 adult trees and collected seeds from 20 trees in a fragmented forest landscape in Brazil. Based on maternal genotypes and their seeds, we found no deviation from the expected 1:1 Mendelian segregation and no genetic linkage between pairwise loci. However, for adults, genotypic disequilibrium was detected for four pairs of loci, suggesting that this result was not caused by genetic linkage. Based on these results, we analyzed microsatellite loci that are suitable for use in population genetic studies assessing genetic diversity, mating system, and gene flow in C. estrellensis populations.
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Pestana-Caldas CN, Silva SA, Machado EL, de Souza DR, Cerqueira-Pereira EC, Silva MS. Genetic divergence through joint analysis of morphoagronomic and molecular characters in accessions of Jatropha curcas. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2016; 15:gmr8385. [PMID: 27808356 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15048385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic divergence between accessions of Jatropha curcas through joint analysis of morphoagronomic and molecular characters. To this end, we investigated 11 morphoagronomic characters and performed molecular genotyping, using 23 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers in 46 accessions of J. curcas. We calculated the contribution of each character on divergence using analysis of variance. The grouping among accessions was performed using the Ward-MLM (modified location model) method, using morphoagronomic and molecular data, whereas the cophenetic correlation was obtained based on Gower's algorithm. There were significant differences in all growth-related characteristics: number of primary and secondary branches per plant, plant height, and stem diameter. For characters related to grain production, differences were found for number of fruit clusters per plant and number of inflorescence clusters per plant and average number of seeds per fruit. The greatest phenotypic variation was found in plant height (59.67- 222.33 cm), whereas the smallest variation was found in average number of seeds per fruit (0-2.90), followed by the number of fruit clusters per plant (0-8.67). In total, 94 polymorphic ISSR fragments were obtained. The genotypic grouping identified six groups, indicating that there is genetic divergence among the accessions. The most promising crossings for future hybridization were identified among accessions UFRB60 and UFVJC45, and UFRB61 and UFVJC18. In conclusion, the joint analysis of morphoagronomic characters and ISSR markers is an efficient method to assess the genetic divergence in J. curcas.
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Cardoso MA, Poças A, Silva MS, Ribeiro R, Almeida MC, Brito RS, Coelho ST, Alegre H. Innovation results of IAM planning in urban water services. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:1518-1526. [PMID: 27763332 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The requirement to provide urban water services continuously while infrastructures are ageing, imposes the need for increasingly sustainable infrastructure asset management (IAM). To achieve and maintain adequate levels of service, the AWARE-P IAM methodology has been applied in collaborative projects launched by the National Civil Engineering Laboratory, in partnership with IST (Technical University of Lisbon), Addition (software company) and several water utilities. The objective of these projects is to support urban water utilities in the development, implementation and maintenance of IAM plans. To guarantee the success of IAM planning, following the AWARE-P IAM methodology, utilities are required to: consider that the infrastructure has system behaviour and lifespan is indefinite and guarantee the full-alignment of IAM planning with organisation objectives. By analysing the strategic and tactical plans of participating utilities, the proposed methodology principles are discussed and supported. The main innovation results from the implementation of IAM planning are also presented and discussed, including the challenges of setting up an IAM process, together with the major benefits and drawbacks that come up when developing IAM plans. The results were demonstrated by the effective implementation of 16 strategic and 14 tactical IAM plans by the participating utilities.
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Silveira JEPS, Pereda MCV, Nogueira C, Dieamant G, Cesar CKM, Assanome KM, Silva MS, Torello CO, Queiroz MLS, Eberlin S. Preliminary safety assessment of C-8 xylitol monoester and xylitol phosphate esters. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016. [PMID: 26193758 DOI: 10.1111/ics.2016.38.issue-110.1111/ics.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most of the cosmetic compounds with preservative properties available in the market pose some risks concerning safety, such as the possibility of causing sensitization. Due to the fact that there are few options, the proper development of new molecules with this purpose is needed. Xylitol is a natural sugar, and the antimicrobial properties of xylitol-derived compounds have already been described in the literature. C-8 xylitol monoester and xylitol phosphate esters may be useful for the development of skincare products. As an initial screen for safety of chemicals, the combination of in silico methods and in vitro testing can aid in prioritizing resources in toxicological investigations while reducing the ethical and monetary costs that are related to animal and human testing. This study was designed to evaluate the safety of C-8 xylitol monoester and xylitol phosphate esters regarding carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, skin and eye irritation/corrosion and sensitization through alternative methods. METHODS For the initial safety assessment, quantitative structure-activity relationship methodology was used. The prediction of the parameters carcinogenicity/mutagenicity, skin and eye irritation/corrosion and sensitization was generated from the chemical structure. The analysis also comprised physical-chemical properties, Cramer rules, threshold of toxicological concern and Michael reaction. In silico results of candidate molecules were compared to 19 compounds with preservative properties that are available in the market. Additionally, in vitro tests (Ames test for mutagenicity, cytotoxicity and phototoxicity tests and hen's egg test--chorioallantoic membrane for irritation) were performed to complement the evaluation. RESULTS In silico evaluation of both molecules presented no structural alerts related to eye and skin irritation, corrosion and sensitization, but some alerts for micronucleus and carcinogenicity were detected. However, by comparison, C-8 xylitol monoester, xylitol phosphate esters showed similar or better results than the compounds available in the market. Concerning experimental data, phototoxicity and mutagenicity results were negative. As expected for compounds with preservative activity, xylitol-derived substances presented positive result in cytotoxicity test. In hen's egg test, both molecules were irritants. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that xylitol-derived compounds appear to be suitable candidates for preservative systems in cosmetics.
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Silveira JEPS, Pereda MCV, Nogueira C, Dieamant G, Cesar CKM, Assanome KM, Silva MS, Torello CO, Queiroz MLS, Eberlin S. Preliminary safety assessment of C-8 xylitol monoester and xylitol phosphate esters. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 38:41-51. [PMID: 26193758 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most of the cosmetic compounds with preservative properties available in the market pose some risks concerning safety, such as the possibility of causing sensitization. Due to the fact that there are few options, the proper development of new molecules with this purpose is needed. Xylitol is a natural sugar, and the antimicrobial properties of xylitol-derived compounds have already been described in the literature. C-8 xylitol monoester and xylitol phosphate esters may be useful for the development of skincare products. As an initial screen for safety of chemicals, the combination of in silico methods and in vitro testing can aid in prioritizing resources in toxicological investigations while reducing the ethical and monetary costs that are related to animal and human testing. This study was designed to evaluate the safety of C-8 xylitol monoester and xylitol phosphate esters regarding carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, skin and eye irritation/corrosion and sensitization through alternative methods. METHODS For the initial safety assessment, quantitative structure-activity relationship methodology was used. The prediction of the parameters carcinogenicity/mutagenicity, skin and eye irritation/corrosion and sensitization was generated from the chemical structure. The analysis also comprised physical-chemical properties, Cramer rules, threshold of toxicological concern and Michael reaction. In silico results of candidate molecules were compared to 19 compounds with preservative properties that are available in the market. Additionally, in vitro tests (Ames test for mutagenicity, cytotoxicity and phototoxicity tests and hen's egg test--chorioallantoic membrane for irritation) were performed to complement the evaluation. RESULTS In silico evaluation of both molecules presented no structural alerts related to eye and skin irritation, corrosion and sensitization, but some alerts for micronucleus and carcinogenicity were detected. However, by comparison, C-8 xylitol monoester, xylitol phosphate esters showed similar or better results than the compounds available in the market. Concerning experimental data, phototoxicity and mutagenicity results were negative. As expected for compounds with preservative activity, xylitol-derived substances presented positive result in cytotoxicity test. In hen's egg test, both molecules were irritants. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that xylitol-derived compounds appear to be suitable candidates for preservative systems in cosmetics.
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Formagio ASN, Vieira MC, Volobuff CRF, Silva MS, Matos AI, Cardoso CAL, Foglio MA, Carvalho JE. In vitro biological screening of the anticholinesterase and antiproliferative activities of medicinal plants belonging to Annonaceae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:308-15. [PMID: 25714885 PMCID: PMC4418360 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the antiproliferative and
anticholinesterase activities of 11 extracts from 5 Annonaceae species in
vitro. Antiproliferative activity was assessed using 10 human cancer cell
lines. Thin-layer chromatography and a microplate assay were used to screen the
extracts for acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors using Ellman's reagent. The
chemical compositions of the active extracts were investigated using high performance
liquid chromatography. Eleven extracts obtained from five Annonaceae plant species
were active and were particularly effective against the UA251, NCI-470 lung, HT-29,
NCI/ADR, and K-562 cell lines with growth inhibition (GI50) values of
0.04-0.06, 0.02-0.50, 0.01-0.12, 0.10-0.27, and 0.02-0.04 µg/mL, respectively. In
addition, the Annona crassiflora and A. coriacea
seed extracts were the most active among the tested extracts and the most effective
against the tumor cell lines, with GI50 values below 8.90 µg/mL. The
A. cacans extract displayed the lowest activity. Based on the
microplate assay, the percent AchE inhibition of the extracts ranged from 12 to 52%,
and the A. coriacea seed extract resulted in the greatest inhibition
(52%). Caffeic acid, sinapic acid, and rutin were present at higher concentrations in
the A. crassiflora seed samples. The A. coriacea
seeds contained ferulic and sinapic acid. Overall, the results indicated that
A. crassiflora and A. coriacea extracts have
antiproliferative and anticholinesterase properties, which opens up new possibilities
for alternative pharmacotherapy drugs.
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Lopes PP, Silva MS, Fernandes MHV. Influence of ibuprofen addition on the properties of a bioactive bone cement. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:2067-2076. [PMID: 23677434 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive bone cements can promote bone growth and the formation of a strong chemical bond between the implant and bone tissue increasing the lifetime of the prosthesis. This study aims at synthesizing a new bioactive bone cement with different amounts of ibuprofen (5, 10 and 20 wt%) using a low toxicity activator, and investigating its in vitro release profile. The effect of ibuprofen (IB) on the setting parameters, residual monomer and bioactivity in synthetic plasma was also evaluated. It was verified that the different IB contents do not prevent the growth of calcium phosphate aggregates on composite surfaces, confirming that the cements are potentially bioactive. A relevant advantage of these formulations was a significant improvement in their curing parameters with increasing IB amount, associated to a reduction of the peak temperature and an extension of the setting time. The investigated cements released an average of about 20 % of the total incorporated ibuprofen during 30 days test, with IB20 liberating the highest percentage of drug 20.6 %, and IB10 and IB5, respectively 19.1 and 17.6 %. This behavior was attributed to the low solubility of this drug in aqueous media and was also related with the hydrophobic character of the polymer. Regarding the therapeutic concentration sufficient to suppress inflammation, the cement with 10 % of ibuprofen achieved the required release rate for 1 week and the cement with 20 % for 2 weeks.
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Silva MS, Graça VC, Reis LV, Santos PF, Almeida P, Queiroz JA, Sousa F. Protein purification by aminosquarylium cyanine dye-affinity chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1671-9. [PMID: 23873377 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The most selective purification method for proteins and other biomolecules is affinity chromatography. This method is based on the unique biological-based specificity of the biomolecule-ligand interaction and commonly uses biological ligands. However, these ligands may present some drawbacks, mainly because of their cost and lability. Dye-affinity chromatography overcomes the limitations of biological ligands and is widely used owing to the low cost of synthetic dyes and to their resistance to biological and chemical degradation. In this work, immobilized aminosquarylium cyanine dyes are used in order to exploit affinity interactions with standard proteins such as lysozyme, α-chymotrypsin and trypsin. These studies evaluate the affinity interactions occurring between the immobilized ligand and the different proteins, as a reflection of the sum of several molecular interactions, namely ionic, hydrophobic and van der Waals, spread throughout the structure, in a defined spatial manner. The results show the possibility of using an aminosquarylium cyanine dye bearing a N-hexyl pendant chain, with a ligand density of 1.8 × 10(-2) mmol of dye/g of chromatographic support, to isolate lysozyme, α-chymotrypsin and trypsin from a mixture. The application of a decreasing ammonium sulfate gradient resulted in the recovery of lysozyme in the flowthrough. On the other hand, α-chymotrypsin and trypsin were retained, involving different interactions with the ligand. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential applicability of ligands such as aminosquarylium cyanine dyes for the separation and purification of proteins by affinity chromatography.
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Silva KN, Nicolini C, Silva MS, Fernandes CD, Nagata T, Resende RO. First Report of Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV) Infecting Pennisetum purpureum in Brazil. PLANT DISEASE 2013; 97:1003. [PMID: 30722548 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-13-0013-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tropical grass and legume species used as pasture grasses for cattle feeding cover over 25% of the agricultural area in Brazil. In recent years, plants showing virus-like symptoms have been observed in the main pasture grass growing areas. Plants of Pennisetum purpureum line CNPGL 00211 showing typical virus mosaic symptoms on leaves and growth reduction were collected in Bahia State, Brazil. Flexuous elongated potyvirus-like particles were observed in the leaf-dip preparation of diseased plants by electron microscopy. In addition, the virus was mechanically transmitted using a standard procedure for potyviruses (4) and produced similar symptoms in inoculated P. purpureum plants. For further molecular identification, total RNA was extracted from frozen symptomatic leaves following the guanidine thiocyanate method (3). cDNA synthesis was performed using oligonucleotide, OligodT50M10 and PCR was carried out using Potyvirus degenerate primers PY11 (5'-GGNAAYAAYAGYGGNCARCC-3') (2) and M10 (5'-AAGCAGTGTTATCAACGCAGA-3'). The amplified fragments of the expected size (approximately 2 kb comprising part of the NIb protein gene, the entire coat protein [CP] gene, and the 3' nontranslated region) were separated using agarose gel electrophoresis, excised, and cloned into plasmid vector pGEMT-Easy (Promega) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Four selected clones were sequenced (Macrogen, South Korea). The sequenced 2.0-kb fragment (GenBank Accession No. KC333416) was compared with sequences available in GenBank and the highest nucleotide identity of 79% was observed with Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV) isolated in Australia (4). According to the Potyvirus species demarcation convention based on CP identity (1), the virus isolate from P. purpureum belongs to the JGMV species. However, the amino acid sequence of the N-terminus of the CP of the Bahia isolate is distinct from JGMV sequences reported in GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis of the CP confirmed the difference since this Bahia isolate was located in a clearly distinct branch separate from all JGMV isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a JGMV in Brazil infecting tropical grass in the main pasture areas. References: (1) M. J. Adams et al. Arch. Virol. 150: 459, 2005. (2) J. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:757. 2001. (3) P. Chomczynski and N. Sacchi. Nature Protocols 1:581, 2006. (4) H. K. Laidlaw et al. Arch. Virol. 149:1633, 2004.
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Silva MS, da Silva IS, Abate G, Masini JC. Spectrophotometric determination of acid volatile sulfide in river sediments by sequential injection analysis exploiting the methylene blue reaction. Talanta 2012; 53:843-50. [PMID: 18968174 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(00)00570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2000] [Revised: 08/24/2000] [Accepted: 08/24/2000] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the application of sequential injection analysis to perform sulfide determination using the methylene blue chemistry, based on two reagents: 3.63 mmol l(-1)N,N dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine hydrochloride in 1.1 mol l(-1) HCl solution and 19 mmol l(-1) FeCl(3), also in 1.1 mol l(-1) HCl. These solutions are aspirated inside the holding coil of the sequential injection system as two reagent zones sandwiching the sample zone. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit was calculated at 40 mug l(-1) S(2-), with a linear dynamic range from 0.05 to 2 mg l(-1) S(2-). This linear range can be extended up to 32 mg l(-1) using in-line dilution for sulfide concentrations greater than 2 mg l(-1). The robust characteristic of the SI system with syringe pump leads to very stable analytical curves (precision of 4%), minimizing the laborious preparation of sulfide standards. The method was applied in the determination of acid volatile sulfide in river sediments.
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Falé PL, Amaral F, Amorim Madeira PJ, Sousa Silva M, Florêncio MH, Frazão FN, Serralheiro MLM. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant activity and toxicity of Peumus boldus water extracts on HeLa and Caco-2 cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2656-62. [PMID: 22617353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the inhibition on acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), the antioxidant activity and the toxicity towards Caco-2 and HeLa cells of aqueous extracts of Peumus Boldus. An IC(50) value of 0.93 mg/mL, for AChE inhibition, and EC(50) of 18.7 μg/mL, for the antioxidant activity, was determined. This activity can be attributed to glycosylated flavonoid derivatives detected, which were the main compounds, although boldine and other aporphine derivatives were also present. No changes in the chemical composition or the biochemical activities were found after gastrointestinal digestion. Toxicity of P. boldus decoction gave an IC(50) value 0.66 mg/mL for HeLa cells, which caused significant changes in the cell proteome profile.
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Pereira BFF, He ZL, Silva MS, Herpin U, Nogueira SF, Montes CR, Melfi AJ. Reclaimed wastewater: impact on soil-plant system under tropical conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:54-61. [PMID: 21616587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ionic speciation of reclaimed urban wastewater (RWW), and the impact of increasing RWW irrigation rates on soil properties and plant nutrition under field conditions. Most RWW elements (>66%) are readily available as NH(4)(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+), SO(4)(2-), Cl(-), H(3)BO(3), Mn(2+) and Zn(2+), but in imbalanced proportion for plant nutrition. Lead, Cd, Cr and Al in RWW are mostly bounded with DOM or OH(-).(.)Irrigation with RWW decreased soil acidity, which is beneficial to the acidic tropical soil. Although RWW irrigation builds exchangeable Na(+) up, the excessive Na(+) was leached out of the soil profile after a rainy summer season (>400 mm). Benefits of the disposal of RWW to the soil under tropical conditions were discussed, however, the over irrigation with RWW (>100% of crop evapotranspiration) led to a nutritional imbalance, accumulating S and leading to a plant deficiency of P and K.
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Bilevicius E, Yasuda CL, Silva MS, Guerreiro CAM, Lopes-Cendes I, Cendes F. Antiepileptic drug response in temporal lobe epilepsy: a clinical and MRI morphometry study. Neurology 2010; 75:1695-701. [PMID: 21060092 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181fc29dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between brain MRI and clinical characteristics and patterns of antiepileptic drug (AED) response in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). METHODS A total of 165 MTLE patients were divided into seizure-free with AED (AED responders, n = 50), pharmacoresistant (n = 87), and remitting-relapsing seizure control group (n = 28). All groups were evaluated regarding age, frequency of seizures, and age at epilepsy onset, duration of epilepsy, febrile seizures, presence and side of hippocampal atrophy (HA), and initial precipitating injuries. For gray matter (GM) MRI voxel-based morphometry (VBM) we selected only patients with unilateral HA on visual MRI analysis (n = 100). Comparisons were made between all groups and 75 healthy controls. RESULTS Age at epilepsy onset was lower (p = 0.005) and initial frequency of seizures was higher in the pharmacoresistant compared with the other 2 groups (p = 0.018). All groups showed GM atrophy compared to controls in ipsilateral hippocampus, bilateral parahippocampal gyri, frontal, occipital, parietal, and cerebellar areas. In the AED responders group, such findings were more restricted to areas ipsilateral to the epileptic focus and more widespread in the pharmacoresistant and remitting-relapsing groups. VBM pairwise comparisons showed areas with GM volume reduction in the pharmacoresistant and remitting-relapsing groups compared with AED responders in bilateral periorbital frontal (p < 0.01), cingulum (p < 0.05), and temporal lobe contralateral to the epileptic focus (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pharmacoresistant and remitting-relapsing groups presented a similar pattern of GM atrophy, which was more widespread compared with AED responders. Conversely, age at epilepsy onset was lower and initial seizure frequency was higher in pharmacoresistant patients.
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Silva DF, Porto DL, Araújo IGA, Dias KLG, Cavalcante KVM, Veras RC, Tavares JF, Correia NA, Guedes DN, Silva MS, Medeiros IA. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide is involved in the hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects induced by discretamine in rats. DIE PHARMAZIE 2009; 64:327-331. [PMID: 19530444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological effects of discretamine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Duguetia magnolioidea Maas, on the cardiovascular system, using a combined in vivo and in vitro approach. Blood pressure and heart rate measurements, as well as changes in isometric tension in rat superior mesenteric arterial rings, elicited by discretamine were recorded. In normotensive non-anaesthetized rats (n = 6), discretamine (0.01; 0.05; 0.1; 0.5; 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg i.v., randomly) injections produced hypotension (-5.2 +/- 1.7; -5.1 +/- 2.1; -7.7 +/- 2; -8.9 +/- 1.7; -9.6 +/- 2.2; -16.8 +/- 2.8 and -13.4 +/- 1.3 mmHg, respectively) accompanied by tachycardia (24.2 +/- 6.1; 36.8 +/- 11.3; 44.2 +/- 7.7; 45.9 +/- 6.4; 48.2 +/- 9.1; 72.1 +/- 14.5 and 64 +/- 17 bpm, respectively). Hypotensive and tachycardic responses were significantly attenuated after L-NAME (20 mg/kg, i.v.) administration. In isolated rat mesenteric artery rings, with endothelium intact, discretamine (10(-12) - 10(-5) M) induced concentration-dependent relaxation of the contractions induced by phenylephrine (10 microM) [pD2 = 6.8 +/- 0.1]. The effect of the discretamine on phenylephrine induced contractions was significantly attenuated after removal of the vascular endothelium [pD2 = 5.8 +/- 0.04]. Similar results were obtained after pre-treatment with L-NAME 100 microM [pD2 = 5.8 +/- 0.04], L-NAME 300 microM [pD2 = 5.9 +/- 0.06], Hydroxocobalamin 30 microM [pD2 = 5.8 +/- 0.06] or ODQ 10 microM [pD2 = 5.8 +/- 0.04]. In addition, in rabbit aorta endothelial cell line, discretamine significantly increased NO3- levels. These results suggest that the hypotensive effect induced by discretamine is probably due to a peripheral vasodilatation, at least, in part, due to the release of NO from vascular endothelium and consequent activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (GC) in the vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Torres FD, Almeida SR, Silva MS, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Distribution of latent bovine herpesvirus 2 DNA in tissues of experimentally infected sheep. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:161-6. [PMID: 19157471 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The biology of latent infection by bovine herpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2), the agent of mammillitis in cows, remains largely unknown. We herein report attempts to reactivate the latent infection and investigated the sites of BoHV-2 latency in experimentally infected sheep. Ewes inoculated with BoHV-2 in the udder's skin shed virus for up to five days, developed mammillitis and seroconverted. However, attempts to reactivate latent infection by dexamethasone administration at day 40 pi failed. Nevertheless, viral DNA--and not infectious virus--was detected by PCR in several nerve ganglia and/or regional lymph nodes (LNs) of all animals at day 40 post-reactivation. Likewise, lambs previously inoculated with BoHV-2 in the nose harbored latent viral DNA in trigeminal ganglia, tonsils and regional LNs. These results demonstrate that BoHV-2 establishes latent infection in nerve ganglia and in regional lymphoid tissues, yet virus reactivation is not easily achieved by standard protocols used.
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