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Stanford A, Swift M, Wang Y, McAllister T, McKinnon J, Blakley B, Chaves A. 86 Effects of feeding an alkaloid binder on nutrient digestibility, alkaloid recovery in feces and performance of lambs fed diets contaminated with cereal ergot. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Philippsen T, Orini M, Martin C, Volkova E, Ormerod J, Sohaib S, Elamin N, Blake S, Sawhney V, Ahmad S, Waring O, Bowers R, Raiman L, Hazelwood T, Mills R, Corrado C, Honarbakhsh S, Von Maydell A, Norrish G, Chubb H, Chubb H, Chubb H, Toledano M, Ruiz A, van Zalen J, Foley P, Pearman C, Rehal O, Foley P, Wong L, Foley P, Pearman C, Brahmbhatt D, Khan H, Wardley J, Akbar S, Christensen L, Hansen M, Brandes A, Tinker A, Munroe P, Lambiase P, Honarbakhsh S, McLean A, Lambiase P, Schilling R, Lane J, Chow A, Earley M, Hunter R, Khan F, Lambiase P, Schilling R, Sporton S, Dhinoja M, Camm C, Xavier R, de Sousa M, Betts T, Shun-Shin M, Wright I, Lim E, Lim P, Koawing M, Lefroy D, Linton N, Davies D, Peters N, Kanagaratnam P, Francis D, Whinnett Z, Khan M, Bowes R, Sahu J, Sheridan P, Rogers D, Kyriacou A, Kelland N, Lewis N, Lee J, Segall E, Diab I, Breitenstein A, Ullah W, Sporton S, Earley M, Finlay M, Dhinoja M, Schilling R, Hunter R, Ahmed M, Petkar S, Davidson N, Stout M, Pearce KP, Leo M, Ginks M, Rajappan K, Bashir Y, Balasubramaniam R, Sopher S, Betts T, Paisey J, Cheong J, Roy D, Adhya S, Williams S, O'Neill M, Niederer S, Providencia R, Srinivasan N, Ahsan S, Lowe M, Segal O, Hunter R, Finlay M, Earley M, Schilling R, Lambiase P, Stella S, Cantwell C, Chowdhury R, Kim S, Linton N, Whinnett Z, Koa-Wing M, Lefroy D, Davies DW, Kanagaratnam P, Lim PB, Qureshi N, Peters N, Cantarutti N, Limongelli G, Elliott P, Kaski J, Williams S, Lal K, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Kiedrowicz R, Wright M, O'Neill M, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Williams S, Wright M, Schaeffter T, Razavi R, O'Neill M, Karim R, Williams S, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Wright M, Schaeffter T, Razavi R, O'Neill M, Montanes M, Ella Field E, Walsh H, Callaghan N, Till J, Mangat J, Lowe M, Kaski J, Ruiz Duthil A, Li A, Saba M, Patel N, Beale L, Brickley G, Lloyd G, French A, Khavandi A, McCrea W, Barnes E, Chandrasekaran B, Parry J, Garth L, Chapman J, Todd D, Hobbs J, Modi S, Waktare J, Hall M, Gupta D, Snowdon R, Papageorgiou N, Providência R, Falconer D, Sewart E, Ahsan S, Segal O, Ezzat V, Rowland E, Lowe M, Lambiase P, Chow A, Swift M, Charlton P, James J, Colling A, Barnes E, Starling L, Kontogeorgis A, Roses-Noguer F, Wong T, Jarman J, Clague J, Till J, Colling A, James J, Hawkins M, Burnell S, Chandrasekaran B, Coulson J, Smith L, Choudhury M, Oguguo E, Boyett M, Morris G, Flinn W, Chari A, Belham M, Pugh P, Somarakis K, Parasa R, Allata A, Hashim H, Mathew T, Kayasundar S, Venables P, Quinn J, Ivanova J, Brown S, Oliver R, Lyons M, Chuen M, Walsh J, Robinson T, Staniforth A, Ahsan A, Jamil-Copley S. POSTERS (2)96CONTINUOUS VERSUS INTERMITTENT MONITORING FOR DETECTION OF SUBCLINICAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS97HIGH DAY-TO-DAY INTRA-INDIVIDUAL REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE HEART RATE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN THE UK BIOBANK DATA98USE OF NOVEL GLOBAL ULTRASOUND IMAGING AND CONTINUEOUS DIPOLE DENSITY MAPPING TO GUIDE ABLATION IN MACRO-REENTRANT TACHYCARDIAS99ANTICOAGULATION AND THE RISK OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING VT AND PVC ABLATION100NON-SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA FREQUENTLY PRECEDES CARDIAC ARREST IN PATIENTS WITH BRUGADA SYNDROME101USING HIGH PRECISION HAEMODYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS TO ASSESS DIFFERENCES IN AV OPTIMUM BETWEEN DIFFERENT LEFT VENTRICULAR LEAD POSITIONS IN BIVENTRICULAR PACING102CAN WE PREDICT MEDIUM TERM MORTALITY FROM TRANSVENOUS LEAD EXTRACTION PRE-OPERATIVELY?103PREVENTION OF UNECESSARY ADMISSIONS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION104EPICARDIAL CATHETER ABLATION FOR VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ON UNINTERRUPTED WARFARIN: A SAFE APPROACH?105HOW WELL DOES THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL EXCELLENCE (NICE) GUIDENCE ON TRANSIENT LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (T-LoC) WORK IN A REAL WORLD? AN AUDIT OF THE SECOND STAGE SPECIALIST CARDIOVASCULAT ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS106DETECTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN COMMUNITY LOCATIONS USING NOVEL TECHNOLOGY'S AS A METHOD OF STROKE PREVENTION IN THE OVER 65'S ASYMPTOMATIC POPULATION - SHOULD IT BECOME STANDARD PRACTISE?107HIGH-DOSE ISOPRENALINE INFUSION AS A METHOD OF INDUCTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A MULTI-CENTRE, PLACEBO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL IN PATIENTS WITH VARYING ARRHYTHMIC RISK108PACEMAKER COMPLICATIONS IN A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL109CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY: A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR VOLTAGE OUTPUT AND EJECTION FRACTION?110RAPID DETERIORATION IN LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND ACUTE HEART FAILURE AFTER DUAL CHAMBER PACEMAKER INSERTION WITH RESOLUTION FOLLOWING BIVENTRICULAR PACING111LOCALLY PERSONALISED ATRIAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY MODELS FROM PENTARAY CATHETER MEASUREMENTS112EVALUATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS ICD VERSUS TRANSVENOUS ICD- A PROPENSITY MATCHED COST-EFFICACY ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS & OUTCOMES113LOCALISING DRIVERS USING ORGANISATIONAL INDEX IN CONTACT MAPPING OF HUMAN PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION114RISK FACTORS FOR SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN PAEDIATRIC HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS115EFFECT OF CATHETER STABILITY AND CONTACT FORCE ON VISITAG DENSITY DURING PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION116HEPATIC CAPSULE ENHANCEMENT IS COMMONLY SEEN DURING MR-GUIDED ABLATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER: A MECHANISTIC INSIGHT INTO PROCEDURAL PAIN117DOES HIGHER CONTACT FORCE IMPAIR LESION FORMATION AT THE CAVOTRICUSPID ISTHMUS? INSIGHTS FROM MR-GUIDED ABLATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER118CLINICAL CHARACTERISATION OF A MALIGNANT SCN5A MUTATION IN CHILDHOOD119RADIOFREQUENCY ASSOCIATED VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION120CONTRACTILE RESERVE EXPRESSED AS SYSTOLIC VELOCITY DOES NOT PREDICT RESPONSE TO CRT121DAY-CASE DEVICES - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY USING PATIENT CODING DATA122PATIENTS UNDERGOING SVT ABLATION HAVE A HIGH INCIDENCE OF SECONDARY ARRHYTHMIA ON FOLLOW UP: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRE-PROCEDURE COUNSELLING123PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF HAEMOGLOBINN AND RED BLOOD CELL DITRIBUTION WIDTH IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE UNDERGOING CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY124REMOTE MONITORING AND FOLLOW UP DEVICES125A 20-YEAR, SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS (ICD) IN CHILDREN: TIME TO CONSIDER THE SUBCUTANEOUS ICD?126EXPERIENCE OF MAGNETIC REASONANCE IMAGING (MEI) IN PATIENTS WITH MRI CONDITIONAL DEVICES127THE SINUS BRADYCARDIA SEEN IN ATHLETES IS NOT CAUSED BY ENHANCED VAGAL TONE BUT INSTEAD REFLECTS INTRINSIC CHANGES IN THE SINUS NODE REVEALED BY
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(F) BLOCKADE128SUCCESSFUL DAY-CASE PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION - AN EIGHT YEAR SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE129LEFT VENTRICULAR INDEX MASS ASSOCIATED WITH ESC HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY RISK SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH ICDs: A TERTIARY CENTRE HCM REGISTRY130A DGH EXPERIENCE OF DAY-CASE CARDIAC PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION131IS PRE-PROCEDURAL FASTING A NECESSITY FOR SAFE PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION? Europace 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Manafiazar G, Basarab JA, Baron VS, McKeown L, Doce RR, Swift M, Undi M, Wittenberg K, Ominski K. Effect of post-weaning residual feed intake classification on grazed grass intake and performance in pregnant beef heifers. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2014-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Manafiazar, G., Basarab, J. A., Baron, V. S., McKeown, L., Doce, R. R., Swift, M., Undi, M., Wittenberg, K. and Ominski, K. 2015. Effect of post-weaning residual feed intake classification on grazed grass intake and performance in pregnant beef heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 369–381. There is limited knowledge of how cattle tested for feed efficiency under drylot conditions perform when they graze on summer pasture. Residual feed intake adjusted for end of test backfat thickness (RFIfat) was determined on 171 beef crossbred heifers under drylot conditions over 2 yr using an automated system. Upon completion of the test, the 10 lowest and 10 highest RFIfat (–0.54±0.17 vs. 0.58±0.15 kg DM d−1) heifers in 2012, and the 14 lowest and 14 highest RFIfat (−0.47±0.16 vs. 0.53±0.19 kg DM d−1) heifers in 2013 were selected and placed on meadow bromegrass pasture to investigate the effect of RFIfat ranking on their grass intake and performance on the pasture. The pasture adaptation period (8 d in 2012 and 19 d in 2013) was followed by a pasture feed intake experiment during which heifers were dosed twice daily (0815 and 1415) with 500 g of C32-labeled feed pellet for 13 d (day 0 to 12) and fecal sampled twice daily (0815 and 1415) from day 8 to 12. Forage DM intake on pasture for each heifer was determined using the double alkane (C31/C32) methodology. High and low RFIfat heifers were similar in body weight (BW), backfat and rump fat thickness, and average daily gain (ADG) during the grazing trial period, except backfat thickness at the end of test period. However, low RFIfat heifers consumed 5.3% less forage when expressed as kg DM d−1 (8.20±0.08 vs. 8.66±0.09, P<0.001) and 5.1% less when expressed as a percentage of body weight (1.86±0.02 vs. 1.96±0.02% of BW, P<0.001) compared with high RFIfat heifers. RFIfat measured under drylot conditions in growing heifers was positively correlated to grazed RFIfat determined in pregnant heifers (rp=0.30, P=0.04). These results suggest that beef heifers classified as low RFIfat during the post-weaning drylot period had lower dry matter intake as heifers in their first pregnancy grazing tame pasture, with no negative impact on their body weight, back-fat thickness, and ADG compared with their high RFIfat herdmates.
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Xu XP, Zhai D, Kim E, Swift M, Reed JC, Volkmann N, Hanein D. Three-dimensional structure of Bax-mediated pores in membrane bilayers. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e683. [PMID: 23788040 PMCID: PMC3702287 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax) is a member of the Bcl-2 protein family having a pivotal role in triggering cell commitment to apoptosis. Bax is latent and monomeric in the cytosol but transforms into its lethal, mitochondria-embedded oligomeric form in response to cell stress, leading to the release of apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome C. Here, we dissected the structural correlates of Bax membrane insertion while oligomerization is halted. This strategy was enabled through the use of nanometer-scale phospholipid bilayer islands (nanodiscs) the size of which restricts the reconstituted system to single Bax-molecule activity. Using this minimal reconstituted system, we captured structural correlates that precede Bax homo-oligomerization elucidating previously inaccessible steps of the core molecular mechanism by which Bcl-2 family proteins regulate membrane permeabilization. We observe that, in the presence of BH3 interacting domain death agonist (Bid) BH3 peptide, Bax monomers induce the formation of ~3.5-nm diameter pores and significantly distort the phospholipid bilayer. These pores are compatible with promoting release of ions as well as proteinaceous components, suggesting that membrane-integrated Bax monomers in the presence of Bid BH3 peptides are key functional units for the activation of the cell demolition machinery.
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Sheppard S, Bittman S, Swift M, Tait J. Modelling monthly NH3 emissions from dairy in 12 Ecoregions of Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2010-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sheppard, S. C., Bittman, S., Swift, M. L. and Tait, J. 2011. Modelling monthly NH 3 emissions from dairy in 12 Ecoregions of Canada. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 649–661. Ammonia (NH3) from livestock manure is emitted from barns, storages and manured land, and is a loss to the farm operations, while atmospheric NH3 has potential impacts beyond the farm, including human health and ecological damage. Models are used to estimate the intensity and spatial extent of NH3 emissions, and this paper reports a recent model developed for quantifying emissions from the dairy sector in Canada. The estimated overall average emission to the atmosphere in Canada in 2006 was 42.4±9.0 kg NH3 cow−1 yr−1 from a lactating cow, and total emission from the Canadian dairy sector was 56000 t NH3. On many farms the NH3 emissions may have been a significant portion of the N requirements of their crops. The emission estimates in the 12 Ecoregions were proportional to the animal census. Emissions generally peaked in May, mainly because of landspreading of manure. There were also differences in emissions per animal among the Ecoregions related to the specific practices, such as amount of grazing and injection of slurry. The sensitivity analysis suggested that a shift from the present 14% injection of slurry manure into soil to 80% may be effective overall, potentially decreasing annual emissions by 13% and emissions in May by 27%.
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Ackerman N, Aharmim B, Auger M, Auty DJ, Barbeau PS, Barry K, Bartoszek L, Beauchamp E, Belov V, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Burenkov A, Cleveland B, Conley R, Conti E, Cook J, Cook S, Coppens A, Counts I, Craddock W, Daniels T, Danilov MV, Davis CG, Davis J, deVoe R, Djurcic Z, Dobi A, Dolgolenko AG, Dolinski MJ, Donato K, Dunford M, Fairbank W, Farine J, Fierlinger P, Franco D, Freytag D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Gratta G, Green MP, Hägemann C, Hall C, Hall K, Haller G, Hargrove C, Herbst R, Herrin S, Hodgson J, Hughes M, Johnson A, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Koffas T, Kuchenkov A, Kumar A, Kumar KS, Leonard DS, Leonard F, LePort F, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Marino M, Martin Y, Mong B, Díez MM, Morgan P, Müller AR, Neilson R, Nelson R, Odian A, O'Sullivan K, Ouellet C, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rivas A, Rollin E, Rowson PC, Russell JJ, Sabourov A, Sinclair D, Skarpaas K, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Strickland V, Swift M, Tosi D, Twelker K, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Vuilleumier JM, Waite A, Waldman S, Walton T, Wamba K, Weber M, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Wright JD, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich OY. Observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in 136Xe with the EXO-200 detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:212501. [PMID: 22181874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.212501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in (136)Xe with T(1/2) = 2.11 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.21(syst) × 10(21) yr. This second-order process, predicted by the standard model, has been observed for several nuclei but not for (136)Xe. The observed decay rate provides new input to matrix element calculations and to the search for the more interesting neutrinoless double-beta decay, the most sensitive probe for the existence of Majorana particles and the measurement of the neutrino mass scale.
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LePort F, Neilson R, Barbeau PS, Barry K, Bartoszek L, Counts I, Davis J, deVoe R, Dolinski MJ, Gratta G, Green M, Montero Díez M, Müller AR, O'Sullivan K, Rivas A, Twelker K, Aharmim B, Auger M, Belov V, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Burenkov A, Cleveland B, Conley R, Cook J, Cook S, Craddock W, Daniels T, Dixit M, Dobi A, Donato K, Fairbank W, Farine J, Fierlinger P, Franco D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Green C, Hägemann C, Hall C, Hall K, Hallman D, Hargrove C, Herrin S, Hughes M, Hodgson J, Juget F, Kaufman LJ, Karelin A, Ku J, Kuchenkov A, Kumar K, Leonard DS, Lutter G, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Marino M, Mong B, Morgan P, Odian A, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rollin E, Rowson PC, Schmoll B, Sinclair D, Skarpaas K, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Strickland V, Swift M, Vuilleumier JL, Vuilleumier JM, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Yang L, Yen YR. A magnetically driven piston pump for ultra-clean applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:105114. [PMID: 22047336 DOI: 10.1063/1.3653391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A magnetically driven piston pump for xenon gas recirculation is presented. The pump is designed to satisfy extreme purity and containment requirements, as is appropriate for the recirculation of isotopically enriched xenon through the purification system and large liquid xenon time projection chamber of EXO-200. The pump, using sprung polymer gaskets, is capable of pumping more than 16 standard liters per minute of xenon gas with 750 Torr differential pressure.
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Sheppard S, Bittman S, Swift M, Beaulieu M, Sheppard M. Ecoregion and farm size differences in dairy feed and manure nitrogen management: A survey. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2010-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sheppard, S. C., Bittman, S., Swift, M. L., Beaulieu, M. and Sheppard, M. I. 2011. Ecoregion and farm size differences in dairy feed and manure nitrogen management: A survey. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 459–473. This paper describes the activity of dairy farmers in Canada in 2005 related to the use of nitrogen (N) and especially practices that led to loss of ammonia (NH3). The data were obtained from a large-scale, statistically structured survey conducted across Canada. The survey sampling was stratified into 10 Ecoregions and across farm size. Numbers of lactating cows per farm were nearly twofold more in the west than the east. In western Canada less than 31% of barns were “tie-stall” type whereas 80% were tie-stall in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. The numbers of hours lactating cows spent in barns, standing yards, exercise fields and pasture varied with Ecoregion and farm size, important data in relation to NH3 emissions. Pasturing was more common in the east than west. Matching feed crude protein concentrations to physiological needs seems a potential best management practice, and smaller farms with tie-stalls seemed more prone to adjusting feed to individual cows compared with large farms with loose housing. Manure handling was divided, with slurry prominent especially in the west. Manure spreading practices also varied by Ecoregion. Overall, it is clear that national averages do not well represent dairy farm management: Ecoregion and farm size differences are significant.
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Ferguson G, Quinn J, Horwitz C, Swift M, Allen J, Galescu L. Towards a Personal Health Management Assistant. J Biomed Inform 2011; 43:S13-S16. [PMID: 20937478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe design and prototyping efforts for a Personal Health Management Assistant for heart failure patients as part of Project HealthDesign. An assistant is more than simply an application. An assistant understands what its users need to do, interacts naturally with them, reacts to what they say and do, and is proactive in helping them manage their health. In this project, we focused on heart failure, which is not only a prevalent and economically significant disease, but also one that is very amenable to self-care. Working with patients, and building on our prior experience with conversational assistants, we designed and developed a prototype system that helps heart failure patients record objective and subjective observations using spoken natural language conversation. Our experience suggests that it is feasible to build such systems and that patients would use them. The system is designed to support rapid application to other self-care settings.
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Lench N, Athma P, Ottaiano A, Sribney W, Highsmith E, Swift M. DNA Marker D11S384 Shows Zero Recombination with the Ataxia-telangiectasia Locus in North American Families. Int J Radiat Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09553009414551881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Genetic predisposition plays an important role in most common psychiatric disorders. The identification of a specific gene associated with a psychiatric illness can lead to improved management of the gene-associated disorder. Mutations in the wolframin gene are associated with mental illness. Many patients with the Wolfram syndrome (WS), who are homozygous or compound heterozygous for wolframin mutations, have severe psychiatric symptoms. In WS families, close blood relatives, who have a high probability of carrying a single wolframin mutation, had a statistically significant excess, over spouse controls, of psychiatric hospitalizations, attempted and completed suicides, and self-reports of mental illness. Since heterozygous carriers of wolframin mutations are relatively frequent in the population according to the general Hardy-Weinberg principle, such mutations might be responsible for the illnesses of many psychiatric patients. The hypothesis that heterozygous carriers of a wolframin mutation are predisposed to psychiatric illness was tested in subjects from 25 WS families. In all, 11 relatives who had psychiatric hospitalizations could be genotyped through mutation analysis. Eight of these carried the wolframin mutation transmitted in their family, significantly (one-sided P=0.0022) more than the 3.0 expected if there were no association between psychiatric hospitalizations and mutations at this locus. All eight mutation-positive subjects had been hospitalized for a major depression. This confirmation of the association is not influenced by confounders, undetected stratification, or genetic heterogeneity. The relative risk of psychiatric hospitalization for depression was estimated to be 7.1 (95% CI 1.9-26.6) for carriers of a single wolframin mutation compared to noncarriers.
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Johnson LM, Harrison JH, Davidson D, Swift M, Mahanna WC, Shinners K. Corn silage management III: effects of hybrid, maturity, and processing on nitrogen metabolism and ruminal fermentation. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85:2928-47. [PMID: 12487460 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of maturity and mechanical processing of two hybrids of whole plant corn silage on DM and OM digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, ruminal fermentation, and milk production and composition in lactating Holstein cows. In the first experiment, Pioneer hybrid 3845 whole plant corn was harvested at hard dough, one-third milkline, and two-thirds milkline with a theoretical length-of-cut of 6.4 mm. At each stage of maturity, corn was harvested with (1-mm roll clearance) and without (15.9-mm roll clearance) mechanical processing using a John Deere 5830 harvester with an on-board kernel processor. In the second experiment, Pioneer hybrids 3845 and Quanta were harvested at one-third milkline, two-thirds milkline, and blackline stages of maturity with and without mechanical processing. The theoretical length-of-cut was 12.7 mm. Total tract DM and OM digestibilities were lower for cows fed diets containing processed corn silage in experiment 1, and tended to be lower for cows fed diets containing unprocessed corn silage in experiment 2. Ruminal acetate concentrations were greater and ruminal propionate concentrations were lower 2 and 6 h after feeding for cows fed diets containing corn silage harvested at physiological maturity in experiment 2. This was due to decreased digestion of starch at advanced maturities in experiment 2. Ruminal pH tended to decline rapidly after feeding for cows fed hybrid Quanta (2 h) compared to hybrid 3845 (5 h) corn silage based diets. Ruminal acetate concentrations decreased and ruminal propionate concentrations increased 2 and 6 h after feeding for cows fed diets containing hybrid Quanta corn silage compared to hybrid 3845 corn silage. This was related to a greater starch concentration in the corn silage, greater starch intake, and increased rate of starch digestion for cows fed hybrid Quanta corn silage-based diets. Microbial nitrogen flow was lower and feed nitrogen flow was greater for cows fed diets containing hybrid Quanta corn silage. The lower microbial nitrogen flow was due to lower microbial nitrogen concentration and nonammonia nitrogen flow to the duodenum. Milk fat and protein concentrations had a strong quadratic relationship with forage NDF intake as a percentage of body weight. When forage NDF intake as a percentage of body weight dropped below 0.70%, there was a rapid decline in milk fat and protein concentrations.
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Johnson LM, Harrison JH, Davidson D, Swift M, Mahanna WC, Shinners K. Corn silage management II: effects of hybrid, maturity, and mechanical processing on digestion and energy content. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85:2913-27. [PMID: 12487459 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of maturity and mechanical processing of two hybrids of whole plant corn on starch, fiber, and ether extract digestibilities and energy content of the total mixed ration fed to lactating Holstein cows. In the first experiment, Pioneer hybrid 3845 whole plant corn was harvested at hard dough, one-third milkline, and two-thirds milkline with a theoretical length of cut of 6.4 mm. At each stage of maturity, corn was harvested with and without mechanical processing. In the second experiment, Pioneer hybrids 3845 and Quanta were harvested at one-third milkline, two-thirds milkline, and blackline stages of maturity with and without mechanical processing. The theoretical length of cut was 12.7 mm. The measured TDN and NEL concentrations were lower for diets containing processed corn silage in experiment 1 and greater for diets containing processed corn silage in experiment 2, compared with diets containing unprocessed corn silage. The lower energy content for diets containing processed corn silage in experiment 1 can be explained by the lower total tract NDF, ether extract, and CP digestibilities. The greater energy content for diets containing processed corn silage in experiment 2 can be attributed to greater total tract starch and NDF digestibilities for cows fed processed corn silage diets. In experiment 2, diets containing processed corn silage (1.59 Mcal/kg) had approximately 2.6% more energy available per kilogram of DM consumed compared with diets containing unprocessed corn silage (1.55 Mcal/kg). For hybrid Quanta in experiment 2, the TDN and NEL concentrations of diets containing corn silage harvested at two-thirds ML were greater than at other maturities.
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Johnson LM, Harrison JH, Davidson D, Robutti JL, Swift M, Mahanna WC, Shinners K. Corn silage management I: effects of hybrid, maturity, and mechanical processing on chemical and physical characteristics. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85:833-53. [PMID: 12018430 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of hybrid, maturity, and mechanical processing of whole plant corn on chemical and physical characteristics, particle size, pack density, and dry matter recovery. In the first experiment, hybrid 3845 whole plant corn was harvested at hard dough, one-third milkline, and two-thirds milkline with a theoretical length-of-cut of 6.4 mm. In the second experiment, hybrids 3845 and Quanta were harvested at one-third milkline, two-thirds milkline, and blackline stages of maturity with a theoretical length-of-cut of 12.7 mm. At each stage of maturity, corn was harvested with and without mechanical processing by using a John Deere 5830 harvester with an onboard kernel processor. The percentage of intact corn kernels present in unprocessed corn silage explained 62% of variation in total tract starch digestibility. As the amount of intact kernels increased, total tract starch digestibility decreased. Post-ensiled vitreousness of corn kernels within the corn silage explained 31 and 48% of the variation of total tract starch digestibility for processed and unprocessed treatments, respectively. For a given amount of vitreous starch in corn kernels, total tract starch digestibility was lower for cows fed unprocessed corn silage compared with processed corn silage. This suggests that processing corn silage disrupts the dense protein matrix within the corn kernel where starch is embedded, therefore making the starch more available for digestion. Particle size of corn silage and orts that contained corn silage was reduced when it was processed. Wet pack density was greater for processed compared with unprocessed corn silage.
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Sandoval C, Schantz S, Posey D, Swift M. Parotid and thyroid gland cancers in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2001; 18:485-90. [PMID: 11764097 DOI: 10.1080/088800101753328448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the clinicopathologic features of parotid and thyroid gland cancers in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (AT). The medical records of 412 AT patients were reviewed to identify those patients who developed parotid or thyroid gland cancers. Presenting features, diagnoses, types of therapy, risk factors, and other primary cancers were analyzed. Five patients with parotid or thyroid gland cancers were identified. Three had parotid (2 mucoepidermoid and 1 acinic cell) and 2 had thyroid gland (1 papillary and 1 follicular) cancers. Four patients presented with head and neck masses and 1 had an occult papillary thyroid carcinoma. Four patients had more than one primary cancer. The only mode of therapy was surgery. The 2 patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma had complete parotidectomies. One is alive without any evidence of disease 12 months after diagnosis and 1 died of refractory lymphoma without any evidence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma at autopsy. The patient with acinic cell carcinoma had a parotid biopsy only. The 2 patients with thyroid cancer were diagnosed at autopsy. The results indicate that patients with AT are at risk for developing multiple primary cancers including those of the parotid and thyroid gland, and should be evaluated for such primaries.
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Su Y, Swift M. Outcomes of adjuvant radiation therapy for breast cancer in women with ataxia-telangiectasia mutations. JAMA 2001; 286:2233-4. [PMID: 11710885 DOI: 10.1001/jama.286.18.2233-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Swift M. Public health burden of cancer in ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygotes. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:84-5. [PMID: 11208872 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations at the ataxia-telangiectasia locus cause a distinctive autosomal recessive syndrome in homozygotes and predispose heterozygotes to cancer and ischemic heart disease. OBJECTIVE To examine mortality rates among persons carrying a mutated ataxia-telangiectasia gene. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING The United States and Canada. PARTICIPANTS 405 grandparents of patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. MEASUREMENTS Ages at death and risk for death (from all causes, cancer, ischemic heart disease, and other causes) among carriers and noncarriers of ataxia-telangiectasia mutations. RESULTS Compared with noncarriers, carriers of a mutated ataxia-telangiectasia allele had a significantly increased risk for death at 20 through 79 years of age (relative risk, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.3 to 2.8]) (P < 0.001). On average, carriers died 7 to 8 years earlier than noncarriers. Cancer caused most of the excess deaths, and ischemic heart disease caused the remainder. Among carriers, relative risk for death from cancer and ischemic heart disease before 80 years of age was 2.6 (CI, 1.4 to 4.7; P = 0.002) and 2.0 (CI, 1.0 to 4.0; P = 0.062), respectively. Compared with noncarriers, carriers who died of cancer were a mean of 4 years younger (P > 0.2) and carriers who died of ischemic heart disease were a mean of 11 years younger (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Carriers of mutations at the ataxia-telangiectasia locus, who make up 1.4% to 2% of the general population, have a higher mortality rate and an earlier age at death from cancer and ischemic heart disease than noncarriers.
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Li A, Swift M. Mutations at the ataxia-telangiectasia locus and clinical phenotypes of A-T patients. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 92:170-7. [PMID: 10817650 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000529)92:3<170::aid-ajmg3>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations at the ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) locus on chromosome band 11q22 cause a distinctive autosomal recessive syndrome in homozygotes and predispose heterozygotes to cancer, ischemic heart disease, and early mortality. PCR amplification from genomic DNA and automated sequencing of the entire coding region (66 exons) and splice junctions detected 77 mutations (85%) in 90 A-T chromosomes. Heteroduplex analysis detected another 42 mutations at the A-T locus. Out of a total of 71 unique mutations, 50 were found only in a single family, and 51 had not been reported previously. Most (58/71, 82%) mutations were frameshift and nonsense mutations that are predicted to cause truncation of the A-T protein; the less common mutation types were missense (9/71, 13%), splicing (3/71, 4%) and one in-frame deletion, 2546 3 (1/71, 1%). The mean survival and height distribution of 134 A-T patients correlated significantly with the specific mutations present in the patients. Patients homozygous for a single truncating mutation, typically near the N-terminal end of the gene, or heterozygous for the in-frame deletion 2546 3, were shorter and had significantly shorter survival than those heterozygous for a splice site or missense mutation, or heterozygous for two truncating mutations. Alterations of the length or amino acid composition of the A-T gene product affect the A-T clinical phenotype in different ways. Mutation analysis at the A-T locus may help estimate the prognosis of A-T patients.
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Abstract
Identifying genetic loci at which mutations predispose individuals to common psychiatric illnesses will have major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. The available evidence indicates that mutations at the Wolfram syndrome locus contribute substantially to the prevalence of psychiatric illness in the general population. Patients with mutations at this locus on both parental chromosomes, called Wolfram syndrome homozygotes, have a distinctive and rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by juvenile onset diabetes mellitus and bilateral progressive optic atrophy. Diverse and serious psychiatric manifestations frequently have been observed in Wolfram syndrome patients; however, the population burden of mental illness attributable to mutations at this locus is almost entirely from individuals who carry a single mutation, called Wolfram syndrome heterozygotes, who have no distinguishing physical characteristics but constitute approximately 1% of the population. Molecular genotyping of blood relatives of Wolfram syndrome patients has shown that Wolfram syndrome heterozygotes are 26-fold more likely than noncarriers to have a psychiatric hospitalization. Severe depression was the predominant finding in the test group studied. The prediction that approximately 25% of all patients hospitalized for depression are Wolfram syndrome heterozygotes now can be tested by mutation screening of hospitalized patients from the general population. Many other behavioral and cognitive difficulties also have been observed in Wolfram syndrome families. For each specific psychiatric abnormality, a "test group" of blood relatives within Wolfram syndrome families with that abnormality can be formed. By comparing the number of Wolfram syndrome heterozygotes found in each test group by molecular genotyping with the number expected under the null hypothesis, the index-test method can determine which clinical phenotypes result from mutations at the Wolfram syndrome locus. This method can be utilized to identify other loci at which mutations predispose individuals to psychiatric illnesses.
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Sandoval C, Swift M. Commentary: appropriate cancer chemotherapy for ataxia-telangiectasia patients. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 2000; 34:65-6. [PMID: 10611591 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(200001)34:1<65::aid-mpo15>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li A, Huang Y, Swift M. Neutral sequence variants and haplotypes at the 150 Kb ataxia-telangiectasia locus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1999; 86:140-4. [PMID: 10449649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Sequence variants occur every few hundred bases in the human genome. We evaluated the relationship between disease-causing mutations and neutral sequence variants at the 150 Kb ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) locus. Mutations at this locus cause a distinct autosomal recessive syndrome in homozygotes and predispose heterozygotes to cancer and coronary heart disease. Nine common neutral sequence variants were observed in the coding and splice junction regions of 132 chromosomes from Caucasian individuals of European origin. Each of these variants appeared frequently in both A-T and non-A-T chromosomes. However, there was remarkable linkage disequilibrium between the polymorphic loci, resulting in only 7 haplotypes in analyzed chromosomes. These 7 haplotypes fell into 3 major ancestral groups. No individual polymorphic variant or haplotype correlated reliably with the presence of an A-T mutation. Thus, comparing the frequency of neutral variants at the A-T locus in diseased and non-diseased populations is unlikely to uncover the relationship of mutations at this locus to common diseases. These data reflect general limitations on using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify loci for many common diseases.
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Swift M, Su Y. Link between breast cancer and ATM gene is strong. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1999; 318:400. [PMID: 9933223 PMCID: PMC1114862 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.318.7180.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) are at an increased risk for developing lymphoid malignancies, yet the appropriate therapy remains unknown. Radiation therapy at conventional doses results in destruction of normal tissue, which has suggested that full-dose chemotherapy might result in unacceptable toxicity in A-T patients with cancer. PROCEDURE The medical records of 412 A-T patients were reviewed to identify those patients who developed lymphoid malignancies and to analyze the type and duration of therapy, events during therapy, and off-therapy follow-up. RESULTS Of 74 A-T patients with lymphoid malignancies, 32 patients received chemotherapy. The 21 patients treated with standard chemotherapy had a significantly better median survival (9 months, range, 1-162+ months vs. 5 months, range, 0.5-28 months) (P = 0.03) and complete remission rate (76% vs. 9%) (P = 0.001) than the 11 treated with reduced dose chemotherapy. Three of the 21 full-dose chemotherapy patients required dose reductions because of neutropenia. Seven of the 14 patients exposed to 1,200 mg/m2 or greater of cyclophosphamide developed hemorrhagic cystitis. All three patients exposed to bleomycin developed pulmonary disease which was fatal in two. Of the 16 standard-dose chemotherapy patients who achieved a complete remission, two remain disease-free, five have died of recurrent disease, and five died of pulmonary disorders and four of other causes while in remission. CONCLUSIONS Standard-dose chemotherapy should be given to each A-T patient with a lymphoid malignancy unless additional physical or emotional problems make it unlikely that the patient will benefit. Morbidity and mortality may be reduced by prophylaxis against hemorrhagic cystitis and early detection and treatment of pulmonary disorders.
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