1
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Delnord M, Van Valckenborgh E, Hebrant A, Antoniou A, Van Hoof W, Waeytens A, Van den Bulcke M. Precision cancer medicine: What has translated into clinical use in Belgium? Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 84:255-262. [PMID: 34129914 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE In 2016, Belgium launched the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Roadbook, consisting in 10 Actions, across the health care system, to facilitate the uptake of NGS in routine clinical practice. We compiled feedback on deployment of the NGS Roadbook from governmental stakeholders and beneficiaries: health policy makers, insurance providers, pathologists, geneticists, and oncologists. MAIN FINDINGS The Roadbook ensured the establishment of a Commission on Personalized Medicine and NGS testing guidelines. A national benchmarking trial ensued, and 10 networks of hospitals and laboratories adopted a reimbursement convention with the Belgian Health Insurance Agency. The Healthdata.be platform centralizes the collection of NGS metrics, and citizens were consulted on their views about NGS and genomics. CONCLUSION The Roadbook facilitated the implementation of NGS in routine (hemato-)oncology care in Belgium. Some challenges remain linked to data sharing and access by a wider range of stakeholders. Next steps include continuous monitoring of health outcomes and the budgetary impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delnord
- Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aline Hebrant
- Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Wannes Van Hoof
- Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anouk Waeytens
- Health Care Department, National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Van den Bulcke
- Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Van den Bulcke M, Negellen S. Implementing precision genomics and innovative immunotherapies in oncology at healthcare level. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Precision genomics through integrating broad information on the genome has proven to be very promising in some tumors and the advent of specific immunotherapies looks to even strengthen this new paradigm. WP6 and WP9 of Joint Action on cancer control have the role of supporting the development of a Roadmap to facilitate the implementation of innovative cancer control actions in EU Member States.
Results
The following actions have been identified: to cover ethical, legal and privacy issues on the use of genome information, the societal debate must be organized,stratified screening by genetic testing of high-risk cancer patients may replace population-wide screening,implementing precision genomics requires careful HCS planning,we need jointly to deal with 'Direct to Consumer',education and training on genomics of health professionals, policy makers and citizens,identification of solutions and remaining challenges to optimize the integration of innovative immunotherapies into clinical practice guidelines,description of early access programs and innovative reimbursement modelsdescription of Horizon scanning systems, to anticipate emerging drugs and address specificities for anticancer drugs and biomarkersdefine the needs and describe optimal programs of real-life monitoring of patients treated with CAR-T cells
Conclusions
Many countries face similar challenges but a number among them developed innovative approaches to overcome these barriers. There is need for capacity building, training and harmonization on the application of genomics and immunotherapies in many countries.
Key message
Providing examples on how to approach implementation of these innovations into the healthcare system through a 'mutual learning' initiative could be a very useful initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Negellen
- Institut National de Cancer, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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3
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Aarestrup FM, Albeyatti A, Armitage WJ, Auffray C, Augello L, Balling R, Benhabiles N, Bertolini G, Bjaalie JG, Black M, Blomberg N, Bogaert P, Bubak M, Claerhout B, Clarke L, De Meulder B, D'Errico G, Di Meglio A, Forgo N, Gans-Combe C, Gray AE, Gut I, Gyllenberg A, Hemmrich-Stanisak G, Hjorth L, Ioannidis Y, Jarmalaite S, Kel A, Kherif F, Korbel JO, Larue C, Laszlo M, Maas A, Magalhaes L, Manneh-Vangramberen I, Morley-Fletcher E, Ohmann C, Oksvold P, Oxtoby NP, Perseil I, Pezoulas V, Riess O, Riper H, Roca J, Rosenstiel P, Sabatier P, Sanz F, Tayeb M, Thomassen G, Van Bussel J, Van den Bulcke M, Van Oyen H. Towards a European health research and innovation cloud (HRIC). Genome Med 2020; 12:18. [PMID: 32075696 PMCID: PMC7029532 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-0713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Union (EU) initiative on the Digital Transformation of Health and Care (Digicare) aims to provide the conditions necessary for building a secure, flexible, and decentralized digital health infrastructure. Creating a European Health Research and Innovation Cloud (HRIC) within this environment should enable data sharing and analysis for health research across the EU, in compliance with data protection legislation while preserving the full trust of the participants. Such a HRIC should learn from and build on existing data infrastructures, integrate best practices, and focus on the concrete needs of the community in terms of technologies, governance, management, regulation, and ethics requirements. Here, we describe the vision and expected benefits of digital data sharing in health research activities and present a roadmap that fosters the opportunities while answering the challenges of implementing a HRIC. For this, we put forward five specific recommendations and action points to ensure that a European HRIC: i) is built on established standards and guidelines, providing cloud technologies through an open and decentralized infrastructure; ii) is developed and certified to the highest standards of interoperability and data security that can be trusted by all stakeholders; iii) is supported by a robust ethical and legal framework that is compliant with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); iv) establishes a proper environment for the training of new generations of data and medical scientists; and v) stimulates research and innovation in transnational collaborations through public and private initiatives and partnerships funded by the EU through Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Aarestrup
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A Albeyatti
- Medicalchain, York Road, London, SQ1 7NQ, UK.,National Health Service, London, UK
| | - W J Armitage
- Translation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS81UD, UK
| | - C Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (EISBM), Vourles, France.
| | - L Augello
- Regional Agency for Innovation & Procurement (ARIA), Welfare Services Division, Lombardy, Milan, Italy
| | - R Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Campus Belval, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - N Benhabiles
- CEA, French Atomic Energy and Alternative Energy Commission, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - G Bertolini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - J G Bjaalie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Black
- Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1ED, UK
| | - N Blomberg
- ELIXIR, Welcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
| | - P Bogaert
- Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium and Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - M Bubak
- Department of Computer Science and Academic Computing Center Cyfronet, Akademia Gornizco Hutnizca University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - L Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - B De Meulder
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (EISBM), Vourles, France
| | - G D'Errico
- Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - A Di Meglio
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - N Forgo
- University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gans-Combe
- INSEEC School of Business & Economics, Paris, France
| | - A E Gray
- PwC, Dronning Eufemiasgate, N-0191, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Gut
- Center for Genomic Regulations, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gyllenberg
- Neuroimmunology Unit, The Karolinska Neuroimmunology & Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Hemmrich-Stanisak
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - L Hjorth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Y Ioannidis
- Athena Research & Innovation Center and University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - A Kel
- geneXplain GmbH, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - F Kherif
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J O Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - C Larue
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Rue Louis Rech, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | | | - A Maas
- Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - L Magalhaes
- Clinerion Ltd, Elisabethenanlage, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Manneh-Vangramberen
- European Cancer Patient Coalition, Rue de Montoyer/Montoyerstraat, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Morley-Fletcher
- Lynkeus, Via Livenza, 00198, Rome, Italy.,Public Policy Consultant, Rome, Italy
| | - C Ohmann
- European Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P Oksvold
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N P Oxtoby
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - I Perseil
- Information Technology Department, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - V Pezoulas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - O Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Rare Disease Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Riper
- Section Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Department of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Roca
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - P Sabatier
- French National Centre for Scientific Research, Grenoble, France
| | - F Sanz
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Tayeb
- Medicalchain, York Road, London, SQ1 7NQ, UK.,National Health Service, London, UK
| | | | - J Van Bussel
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - H Van Oyen
- Department of Computer Science and Academic Computing Center Cyfronet, Akademia Gornizco Hutnizca University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.,Sciensano, Juliette Wystmanstraat, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Vermaelen K, Waeytens A, Kholmanskikh O, Van den Bulcke M, Van Valckenborgh E. Perspectives on the integration of Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers and drugs in a Health Care setting. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:166-177. [PMID: 29170067 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies, specifically checkpoint inhibitors, are becoming an important component in cancer care with the most application now in melanoma and lung cancer patients. Some drawbacks that converge with this new evolution are the rather low response rates to these drugs and their high cost with a significant economic impact on the health care system. These major challenges can likely be circumvented by implementing a "personalized immuno-oncology" approach to accomplish a selection of optimal responders based on biomarkers. In this paper we first discuss the legal framework for the development of valuable in vitro diagnostics. Based on a case study in lung cancer, the clinical validity and utility requirements of predictive immuno-oncology biomarkers is highlighted and an overview is given on the evolution towards multiplex or omics-based assays together with its challenges and pitfalls. Finally, some initiatives between the public and private sector are pinpointed to sustain the future access to innovative medicines in cancer therapy at a reasonable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vermaelen
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Waeytens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Policy, National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance, Brussels, Belgium
| | - O Kholmanskikh
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium and Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products (FAMHP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Van den Bulcke
- Belgian Cancer Centre, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Van Valckenborgh
- Belgian Cancer Centre, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
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5
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Descamps T, Delporte E, Vermeesch J, Goetghebeur E, Clement L, Tafforeau J, Demarest S, Van Oyen H, Van den Bulcke M, Van den Eynden J. BelPHG-21: a pilot study on genetic variability in the Belgian population. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Descamps
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Delporte
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Vermeesch
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Goetghebeur
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Clement
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Tafforeau
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Demarest
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Van Oyen
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Van den Bulcke M, Boccia S, de Censi A, Decoster L, Frederici A, Kholmanskikh O, Nowak F, Peeters M, Rolfo C, Schmutzler R, Salgado R, Vermeesch J. Public Health Genomics in Cancer. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw173.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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Van den Bulcke M, Kiasuwa R, Den Hond E. Compilation of a high-quality Guide with operable policy recommendations for Member States: process, quality assurance and editing. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw172.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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8
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Van den Bulcke M, San Miguel L, Salgado R, De Quecker E, De Schutter H, Waeytens A, Van Den Berghe P, Tejpar S, Van Houdt J, Van Laere S, Maes B, Hulstaert F. Implementation of Next-Generation-Sequencing in Oncology and Heamatology: a Belgian feasibility study. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv176.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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9
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Spalinskas R, Van den Bulcke M, Van den Eede G, Milcamps A. LT-RADE: An Efficient User-Friendly Genome Walking Method Applied to the Molecular Characterization of the Insertion Site of Genetically Modified Maize MON810 and Rice LLRICE62. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Lievens A, Van Aelst S, Van den Bulcke M, Goetghebeur E. Enhanced analysis of real-time PCR data by using a variable efficiency model: FPK-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:e10. [PMID: 22102586 PMCID: PMC3258155 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methodology in real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis performs well provided PCR efficiency remains constant over reactions. Yet, small changes in efficiency can lead to large quantification errors. Particularly in biological samples, the possible presence of inhibitors forms a challenge. We present a new approach to single reaction efficiency calculation, called Full Process Kinetics-PCR (FPK-PCR). It combines a kinetically more realistic model with flexible adaptation to the full range of data. By reconstructing the entire chain of cycle efficiencies, rather than restricting the focus on a 'window of application', one extracts additional information and loses a level of arbitrariness. The maximal efficiency estimates returned by the model are comparable in accuracy and precision to both the golden standard of serial dilution and other single reaction efficiency methods. The cycle-to-cycle changes in efficiency, as described by the FPK-PCR procedure, stay considerably closer to the data than those from other S-shaped models. The assessment of individual cycle efficiencies returns more information than other single efficiency methods. It allows in-depth interpretation of real-time PCR data and reconstruction of the fluorescence data, providing quality control. Finally, by implementing a global efficiency model, reproducibility is improved as the selection of a window of application is avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoon Lievens
- Platform for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S9 B-9000 Gent, Belgium and European Commission, Joint Research Center, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Molecular Biology and Genomics Unit, via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - S. Van Aelst
- Platform for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S9 B-9000 Gent, Belgium and European Commission, Joint Research Center, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Molecular Biology and Genomics Unit, via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - M. Van den Bulcke
- Platform for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S9 B-9000 Gent, Belgium and European Commission, Joint Research Center, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Molecular Biology and Genomics Unit, via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - E. Goetghebeur
- Platform for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S9 B-9000 Gent, Belgium and European Commission, Joint Research Center, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Molecular Biology and Genomics Unit, via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
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11
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Lievens A, Bellocchi G, De Bernardi D, Moens W, Savini C, Mazzara M, Van den Eede G, Van den Bulcke M. Use of pJANUS-02-001 as a calibrator plasmid for Roundup Ready soybean event GTS-40-3-2 detection: an interlaboratory trial assessment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2165-73. [PMID: 20016879 PMCID: PMC2836459 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the labelling requirements of food and feed products containing materials derived from genetically modified organisms, quantitative detection methods have to be developed for this purpose, including the necessary certified reference materials and calibrator standards. To date, for most genetically modified organisms authorized in the European Union, certified reference materials derived from seed powders are being developed. Here, an assessment has been made on the feasibility of using plasmid DNA as an alternative calibrator for the quantitative detection of genetically modified organisms. For this, a dual-target plasmid, designated as pJANUS-02-001, comprising part of a junction region of genetically modified soybean event GTS-40-3-2 and the endogenous soybean-specific lectin gene was constructed. The dynamic range, efficiency and limit of detection for the soybean event GTS-40-3-2 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) system described by Terry et al. (J AOAC Int 85(4):938-944, 2002) were shown to be similar for in house produced homozygous genomic DNA from leaf tissue of soybean event GTS-40-3-2 and for plasmid pJANUS-02-001 DNA backgrounds. The performance of this real-time Q-PCR system using both types of DNA templates as calibrator standards in quantitative DNA analysis was further assessed in an interlaboratory trial. Statistical analysis and fuzzy-logic-based interpretation were performed on critical method parameters (as defined by the European Network of GMO Laboratories and the Community Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed guidelines) and demonstrated that the plasmid pJANUS-02-001 DNA represents a valuable alternative to genomic DNA as a calibrator for the quantification of soybean event GTS-40-3-2 in food and feed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lievens
- Division of Biosafety and Biotechnology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. Bellocchi
- Molecular Biology and Genomics Unit, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - D. De Bernardi
- Division of Biosafety and Biotechnology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W. Moens
- Division of Biosafety and Biotechnology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - C. Savini
- Molecular Biology and Genomics Unit, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - M. Mazzara
- Molecular Biology and Genomics Unit, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - G. Van den Eede
- Molecular Biology and Genomics Unit, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - M. Van den Bulcke
- Division of Biosafety and Biotechnology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Van den Bulcke M, Rosseel MT, Wijnants P, Buylaert W, Belpaire FM. Metabolism and hepatotoxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide, N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide, and N-methylformamide in the rat. Arch Toxicol 1994; 68:291-5. [PMID: 8085939 DOI: 10.1007/s002040050071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism and hepatotoxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and two of its metabolites, N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide (HMMF) and N-methylformamide (NMF) were evaluated over a 4-day period in rats. DMF toxicity was dose dependent and delayed toxicity after the administration of a high DMF dose (13.7 mmol/kg) in comparison to a lower dose (4.1 mmol/kg) was observed. Treatment of rats with 13.7 mmol/kg DMF, HMMF, or NMF showed i) that DMF is more toxic than HMMF or NMF, and ii) that hepatotoxicity occurs later for DMF than for HMMF or NMF. Analysis of serum and urine samples demonstrated that DMF is first metabolized to HMMF, which is then partially converted to NMF. After HMMF administration, NMF was found both in serum and in urine. The time course of DMF and HMMF toxicity in relation to NMF formation fitted the hypothesis that the hepatotoxicity of DMF and HMMF is mediated via NMF. The degree of hepatotoxicity after HMMF and NMF treatment is similar. However, the degree of DMF hepatotoxicity is much higher than in the case of NMF or HMMF. The role of NMF as an obligatory intermediate in DMF and HMMF hepatotoxicity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van den Bulcke
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, University of Ghent Medical School, Belgium
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13
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Masuta C, Van den Bulcke M, Bauw G, Van Montagu M, Caplan AB. Differential effects of elicitors on the viability of rice suspension cells. Plant Physiol 1991; 97:619-29. [PMID: 16668444 PMCID: PMC1081052 DOI: 10.1104/pp.97.2.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the effects of two elicitors of defense-related processes on rice (Oryza sativa L.) suspension cells. Both chitosan and salicylic acid induced the accumulation of extracellular chitinase, thickening of the cell wall, and a variety of cytological changes in treated cells. Chitosan also induced the production of a brown pigment and cell death. Both of these effects depended on the availability of reactive oxygen species, because the damage was greatly reduced by either catalase or free-radical scavengers. Pretreating cells with salicylic acid also protected them from the cytotoxic effects of chitosan. This type of induced tolerance persisted when salicylic acid was removed and was not simply due to the release of extracellular substances, because salicylic acid-treated cells did not protect untreated cells from chitosan-induced death. Salicylic acid also stimulated the production of a 10-kilodalton subtilisin inhibitor that was not produced by chitosan-treated cells. Most of these changes are associated with the hypersensitive response of many plant species, including monocotyledons, and may serve as an in vitro model for investigating the biochemistry of some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Masuta
- Laboratorium voor Genetica, Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Claes B, Dekeyser R, Villarroel R, Van den Bulcke M, Bauw G, Van Montagu M, Caplan A. Characterization of a rice gene showing organ-specific expression in response to salt stress and drought. Plant Cell 1990; 2:19-27. [PMID: 2152105 PMCID: PMC159860 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.2.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein changes induced by salinity stress were investigated in the roots of the salt-sensitive rice cultivar Taichung native 1. We found eight proteins to be induced and obtained partial sequences of one with a molecular mass of 15 kilodaltons and an isoelectric point of 5.5. Using an oligonucleotide probe based on this information, a cDNA clone, salT, was selected and found to contain an open reading frame coding for a protein of 145 amino acid residues. salT mRNA accumulates very rapidly in sheaths and roots from mature plants and seedlings upon treatment with Murashige and Skoog salts (1%), air drying, abscisic acid (20 microM), polyethylene glycol (5%), sodium chloride (1%), and potassium chloride (1%). Generally, no induction was seen in the leaf lamina even when the stress should affect all parts of the plant uniformly. The organ-specific response of salT is correlatable with the pattern of Na+ accumulation during salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Claes
- Laboratorium voor Genetica, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Belgium
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Bowler C, Alliotte T, Van den Bulcke M, Bauw G, Vandekerckhove J, Van Montagu M, Inzé D. A plant manganese superoxide dismutase is efficiently imported and correctly processed by yeast mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:3237-41. [PMID: 2654940 PMCID: PMC287105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.9.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the plant Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is synthesized in the cytoplasm as a preprotein and is subsequently translocated to the mitochondrial matrix with corresponding cleavage of an NH2-terminal leader sequence. To determine whether the plant enzyme could replace the endogenous SOD activities of Escherichia coli and yeast, constructions have been made in appropriate vectors for expression of the preprotein and the mature MnSOD. These were introduced into SOD-deficient strains for complementation studies. In E. coli, both forms of the protein were shown to be active and able to complement SOD deficiency to different degrees. Expression of the preprotein in a yeast strain lacking a mitochondrial MnSOD resulted in a restoration of wild-type growth, only possible if the plant protein was being targeted to the mitochondria. Subsequent studies revealed that the protein was processed and that the leader sequence was cleaved at the identical position as recognized by the mitochondrial peptidase of plants. The components mediating mitochondrial import thus appear to be highly conserved between plants and yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bowler
- Laboratorium voor Genetica, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Belgium
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