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Bosetti C, Santucci C, Gallus S, Martinetti M, La Vecchia C. Aspirin and the risk of colorectal and other digestive tract cancers: an updated meta-analysis through 2019. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:558-568. [PMID: 32272209 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, and possibly of a few other digestive tract cancers. The quantification of risk reduction and the optimal dose and duration of aspirin use for the prevention of colorectal and other digestive tract cancers remains unclear. METHODS To provide an up-to-date quantification of this association, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all observational studies on aspirin and cancers of the digestive tract sites published through March 2019. We estimated the pooled relative risk (RR) of cancer for regular aspirin use versus non-use using random-effects models, and, whenever data were available, we investigated the dose- and duration-risk relations. RESULTS Regular aspirin use is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer [RR = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.69-0.78, 45 studies], squamous-cell esophageal cancer (RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.57-0.79, 13 studies), adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia (RR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.49-0.77, 10 studies), stomach cancer (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.51-0.82, 14 studies), hepato-biliary tract cancer (RR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44-0.86, five studies), and pancreatic cancer (RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.68-0.89, 15 studies), but not of head and neck cancer (RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.76-1.16, 10 studies). The associations are somewhat stronger in case-control than in cohort and nested case-control studies and are characterized by some between-study heterogeneity. Risk estimates are consistent across sex, geographical areas, and other selected covariates. For colorectal cancer, an aspirin dose between 75 and 100 mg/day conveys a risk reduction of 10%, and a dose of 325 mg/day of 35%. For all neoplasms, except head and neck cancer, inverse duration-risk relations with aspirin use are found. CONCLUSION The present comprehensive meta-analysis supports and further quantifies the inverse association between regular aspirin use and the risk of colorectal and other digestive tract cancers, including some rare ones. The favorable effect of aspirin increases with longer duration of use, and, for colorectal cancer, with increasing dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bosetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Santucci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Martinetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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De Silvestri A, Capittini C, Mallucci G, Bergamaschi R, Rebuffi C, Pasi A, Martinetti M, Tinelli C. The Involvement of HLA Class II Alleles in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Dis Markers 2019; 2019:1409069. [PMID: 31781296 PMCID: PMC6875418 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1409069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) displays a heterogeneous clinical onset and progression, which are mostly unpredictable, but demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) leads to substantial deficits of sensory, motor, autonomic, and neurocognitive functions. Considering all genetic studies on MS, including the advanced genome-wide association studies, the risk linked to HLA alleles remains the highest among other susceptibility genetic variants. However, given the genetic variability of HLA alleles in different ethnic groups, we conducted a systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses aiming at summarizing all the results on the association between MS and HLA class II genes. We systematically searched meta-analyses and systematic reviews dealing with MS and HLA in all ethnicities. From 154 records, we included 5 articles collecting HLA data from 15,232 MS patients and 24,194 ethnically matched controls. DRB1∗15 (OR ranging from 1.39 in Chinese Han to 2.59 in Caucasians) and DQB1∗06:02 (OR ranging from 1.91 in Caucasians to 2.49 in Colombian) alleles confer an increased risk for MS transethnically (Caucasians, Chinese, South Americans, Carribeans, Middle Easterners, Japanese, and North Africans). DRB1∗01, DRB1∗09, DRB1∗11, DRB1∗12, and DRB1∗16 alleles were protective, in agreement with the type of amino-acidic (aa) residues (ranging from position 9 to 90) included in pockets 1, 4, 6, 7, and 9, which are most involved in peptide presentation. Changes in aa residues affect the capability of HLA molecules in binding myelin peptides. DQB1∗06:02 risk allele seems to be the most interesting target as humanized mice expressing only DQB1∗06:02 develop MS-like disease mediated by autoimmune reactions against myelin oligodendrocytic basic protein that stabilizes the myelin. Our summary of results from a high number of patients and controls suggests that allelic variants from both DQB1 and DRB1 genes are equally involved in MS susceptibility/protection transethnically.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. De Silvestri
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - C. Capittini
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - G. Mallucci
- Inter-Department Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - R. Bergamaschi
- Inter-Department Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - C. Rebuffi
- Scientific Documentation Service, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Pasi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immuno-Hematology (Laboratory of Immunogenetics), IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - M. Martinetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - C. Tinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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3
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Capittini C, De Silvestri A, Terzaghi M, Scotti V, Rebuffi C, Pasi A, Manni R, Martinetti M, Tinelli C. Correlation between HLA-DQB1*06:02 and narcolepsy with and without cataplexy: approving a safe and sensitive genetic test in four major ethnic groups. A systematic meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2018; 52:150-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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4
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Mariconti M, Meroni V, Badulli C, Brunetti E, Tinelli C, De Silvestri A, Tamarozzi F, Genco F, Casulli A, Martinetti M. Correlation of serum sHLA-G levels with cyst stage in patients with cystic echinococcosis: is it an immune evasion strategy? Parasite Immunol 2017; 38:414-8. [PMID: 27120498 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) can harbour cysts for years or even decades, apparently without effect of the immune system on the metacestode. Although several immune evasion mechanisms by echinococcal cysts have been described, it is unclear whether the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system plays a role in the susceptibility or resistance to CE in humans. HLA-G molecules are known to exert a suppressive action on dendritic cells maturation and on natural killer (NK) cells functions, therefore hampering T-cell responses and NK cytolysis. HLA-G plays an important role in immune tolerance, is involved in foetus and in allotransplant tolerance, and may be involved in tumoral and viral immune evasion. In this study, we assessed the presence and levels of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in patients with CE using a commercial ELISA kit to determine whether host's HLA-G may have a role in the course of human CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mariconti
- Division of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Meroni
- Department of Internal medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Badulli
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Brunetti
- Division of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Tinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - A De Silvestri
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Tamarozzi
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Genco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Casulli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy
| | - M Martinetti
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Zorzetto M, Ricevuti G, Martinetti M, Gritti D, Gasparetto C, De Silvestri A, Salvaneschi L, Cuccia M. HLA and Hypocomplementemia: The Disadvantage of Carrying the HLA-B35 and the Silent Alleles of the C4 Complement Component. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 17:307-16. [PMID: 15461865 DOI: 10.1177/039463200401700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypocomplementemia is an extremely complex phenomenon: we devoted our attention to its immunogenetic basis, particularly to the HLA haplotypes involved and to the study of C4 polymorphic genes. With this in mind we analyzed a group of unrelated patients with hypocomplementemia and 15 families suffering from specific C4 deficiency. Firstly, we performed a population analysis in order to identify a statistically significant association: HLA-B35 and C4BQ0 alleles, in the total group of hypocomplementemic individuals, seem to be associated with the primary disease. Secondly, we defined HLA haplotypes clear-cut segregation in the hypocomplementemic families and we identified the most common HLA haplotypes carrying B35 and C4 null allele associated with this condition. With the aid of correspondence analysis and the Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT), we measured the strength of this association. In this work, mainly through family analysis, we envisaged a potentially interesting genomic trait, within HLA, close to B locus, that seems to be involved in hypocomplementemia itself and perhaps in hypocomplementemia-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zorzetto
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Genetica, Clinica Malattie Respiratorie, IRCCS Policlinico S.Matteo, Universitá di Pavia, Italy
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6
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Bossi G, Mannarino S, Pietrogrande MC, Salice P, Dellepiane RM, Cremaschi AL, Corana G, Tozzo A, Capittini C, De Silvestri A, Tinelli C, Pasi A, Martinetti M. Genetic epistasis between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leukocyte antigens in Kawasaki disease susceptibility. Genes Immun 2015; 16:481-7. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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7
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Brazzelli V, Rivetti N, Badulli C, Carugno A, Cananzi R, De Silvestri A, Martinetti M, Borroni G. Mycosis fungoides: association of KIR ligands and HLA-DQB1*05 with bad prognosis of the disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:266-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Brazzelli
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science; Institute of Dermatology; Pavia Italy
| | - N. Rivetti
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science; Institute of Dermatology; Pavia Italy
| | - C. Badulli
- Immunogenetic Laboratory; Immunohematology Service and Trasfusional Medicine; Pavia Italy
| | - A. Carugno
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science; Institute of Dermatology; Pavia Italy
| | - R. Cananzi
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science; Institute of Dermatology; Pavia Italy
| | - A. De Silvestri
- Biometry and Statistics; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - M. Martinetti
- Immunogenetic Laboratory; Immunohematology Service and Trasfusional Medicine; Pavia Italy
| | - G. Borroni
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science; Institute of Dermatology; Pavia Italy
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8
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Fasano ME, Rendine S, Pasi A, Bontadini A, Cosentini E, Carcassi C, Capittini C, Cornacchini G, Espadas de Arias A, Garbarino L, Carella G, Mariotti ML, Mele L, Miotti V, Moscetti A, Nesci S, Ozzella G, Piancatelli D, Porfirio B, Riva MR, Romeo G, Tagliaferri C, Lombardo C, Testi M, Amoroso A, Martinetti M. The distribution of KIR-HLA functional blocks is different from north to south of Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 83:168-73. [PMID: 24571475 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) interaction represents an example of genetic epistasis, where the concomitant presence of specific genes or alleles encoding receptor-ligand units is necessary for the activity of natural killer (NK) cells. Although KIR and HLA genes segregate independently, they co-evolved under environmental pressures to maintain particular KIR-HLA functional blocks for species survival. We investigated, in 270 Italian healthy individuals, the distribution of KIR and HLA polymorphisms in three climatic areas (from cold north to warm south), to verify their possible geographical stratification. We analyzed the presence of 13 KIR genes and genotyped KIR ligands belonging to HLA class I: HLA-C, HLA-B and HLA-A. We did not observe any genetic stratification for KIR genes and HLA-C ligands in Italy. By contrast, in a north-to-south direction, we found a decreasing trend for the HLA-A3 and HLA-A11 ligands (P = 0.012) and an increasing trend for the HLA-B ligands carrying the Bw4 epitope (P = 0.0003) and the Bw4 Ile80 epitope (P = 0.0005). The HLA-A and HLA-B KIR ligands were in negative linkage disequilibrium (correlation coefficient -0.1211), possibly as a consequence of their similar function in inhibiting NK cells. The distribution of the KIR-HLA functional blocks was different along Italy, as we observed a north-to-south ascending trend for KIR3DL1, when coupled with HLA-B Bw4 ligands (P = 0.0067) and with HLA-B Bw4 Ile80 (P = 0.0027), and a descending trend for KIR3DL2 when coupled with HLA-A3 and HLA-A11 ligands (P = 0.0044). Overall, people from South Italy preferentially use the KIR3DL1-HLA-B Bw4 functional unit, while those from the North Italy equally use both the KIR3DL2-HLA-A3/A11 and the KIR3DL1-HLA-B Bw4 functional units to fight infections. Thus, only KIR3DL receptors, which exert the unique role of microbial sensors through the specific D0 domain, and their cognate HLA-A and HLA-B ligands are selectively pressured in Italy according to geographical north-to-south distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Fasano
- Transplant Immunology Service, Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
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9
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Brazzelli V, Rivetti N, Badulli C, Carugno A, Grasso V, De Silvestri A, Martinetti M, Borroni G. Immunogenetic factors in mycosis fungoides: can the HLA system influence the susceptibility and prognosis of the disease? Long-term follow-up study of 46 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 28:1732-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Brazzelli
- Department of Clinical-Surgical; Diagnostic and Pediatric Science; Institute of Dermatology; Pavia Italy
| | - N. Rivetti
- Department of Clinical-Surgical; Diagnostic and Pediatric Science; Institute of Dermatology; Pavia Italy
| | - C. Badulli
- Immunohematology Service and Trasfusional Medicine; Immunogenetic Laboratory; Pavia Italy
| | - A. Carugno
- Department of Clinical-Surgical; Diagnostic and Pediatric Science; Institute of Dermatology; Pavia Italy
| | - V. Grasso
- Department of Clinical-Surgical; Diagnostic and Pediatric Science; Institute of Dermatology; Pavia Italy
| | - A. De Silvestri
- Biometry and Statistics; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - M. Martinetti
- Immunohematology Service and Trasfusional Medicine; Immunogenetic Laboratory; Pavia Italy
| | - G. Borroni
- Department of Clinical-Surgical; Diagnostic and Pediatric Science; Institute of Dermatology; Pavia Italy
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Guarene M, Capittini C, De Silvestri A, Pasi A, Badulli C, Sbarsi I, Cremaschi AL, Garlaschelli F, Pizzochero C, Monti MC, Montecucco C, Corazza GR, Larizza D, Bianchi PE, Salvaneschi L, Martinetti M. Targeting the immunogenetic diseases with the appropriate HLA molecular typing: critical appraisal on 2666 patients typed in one single centre. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013:904247. [PMID: 23509798 PMCID: PMC3581126 DOI: 10.1155/2013/904247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We compared the immunogenetic data from 2666 patients affected by HLA-related autoimmune diseases with those from 4389 ethnically matched controls (3157 cord blood donors CBD, 1232 adult bone marrow donors BMD), to verify the appropriateness of HLA typing requests received in the past decade. The frequency of HLA-B∗27 phenotype was 10.50% in 724 ankylosing spondylitis, 16.80% in 125 uveitis (3.41% BMD, 4.24% CBD, P < 0.0001); HLA-B∗51 allele was 15.57% in 212 Behçet's disease (12.91% BMD, 9.88% CBD, P < 0.0001); the HLA-DRB1-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) shared epitope was 13.72% in 554 RA (10.85% BMD, 13.48% CBD, P = 0.016); the carriers of almost one of HLA-DQB1 susceptibility alleles were 84.91% in 795 celiac disease (CD) and 59.37% in 256 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (46.06% in 875 CBD, 42.75% in 662 BMD P < 0.0001). Overall, our results show that the HLA marker frequencies were higher in patients than controls, but lower than expected from the literature data (excluding CD and IDDM) and demonstrate that, in complex immunogenetic conditions, a substantial number of genetic analyses are redundant and inappropriate, burdening to the public health costs. For this reason, we suggest the Italian Scientific Society of Immunogenetics to establish guidelines to improve the appropriateness of typing requests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Guarene
- Laboratorio di Immunogenetica, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - C. Capittini
- Laboratorio di Immunogenetica, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. De Silvestri
- Unità di Biometria, Direzione Scientifica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Pasi
- Laboratorio di Immunogenetica, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - C. Badulli
- Laboratorio di Immunogenetica, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - I. Sbarsi
- Laboratorio di Immunogenetica, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. L. Cremaschi
- Laboratorio di Immunogenetica, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - F. Garlaschelli
- Laboratorio di Immunogenetica, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - C. Pizzochero
- Laboratorio di Immunogenetica, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - M. C. Monti
- Laboratorio di Immunogenetica, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - C. Montecucco
- Clinica Reumatologica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - G. R. Corazza
- Clinica Medica I, Centro per lo Studio e la Cura delle Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - D. Larizza
- Clinica Pediatrica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - P. E. Bianchi
- Clinica Oculistica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - L. Salvaneschi
- Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - M. Martinetti
- Laboratorio di Immunogenetica, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Biagi F, Badulli C, Feurle GE, Müller C, Moos V, Schneider T, Marth T, Mytilineos J, Garlaschelli F, Marchese A, Trotta L, Bianchi PI, Stefano M, Cremaschi AL, Silvestri A, Salvaneschi L, Martinetti M, Corazza GR. Cytokine genetic profile in Whipple’s disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:3145-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Capittini C, Bergamaschi P, De Silvestri A, Marchesi A, Genovese V, Romano B, Kurici E, Guarene M, Badulli C, Pasi A, Martinetti M, Cuccia M, Salvaneschi L. Intragenomic conflict of maternal HLA haplotypes: a potential link between vigorous intrauterine growth and risk of autoimmunity in adulthood. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 79:162. [PMID: 22083842 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Badulli C, Sbarsi I, Di Giorgio D, Mantovani M, Maserati R, Barbarini G, Salvaneschi L, Martinetti M. A new approach to safely type for HLA the HIV infected people eligible to abacavir therapy: Saliva or buccal swab as reliable DNA sources. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1995-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mereu A, Massa R, Cuccu A, Serra AR, Martinetti M, Lisci L, Montisci MR, Vincis G, Contu P. [Collaboration between general practitioners and the school: survey about student's dietary habits in the first classes of secondary school in the province of Carbonia-Iglesias, Sardinia]. Ann Ig 2011; 23:3-12. [PMID: 21736002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
WHO stresses the importance of promoting balance diet among adolescents. The general practitioners are called at the forefront in the prevention of disorders related to eating habits. The present study describes a project to promote nutrition, created and run by general practitioners in the first classes of 20 secondary schools in seven municipalities, in the province of Carbonia-Iglesias (Italy), for a sample of 509 students (220 females and 289 males). The results also offer an expanded view of the eating habits of adolescents. The results show that adolescents do not give importance to the breakfast that is often not complete or is not consumed, and only 50% of respondents drink milk. The highest percentage of students consuming the first and second course (45-59%) at lunch and dinner consumption of protein was high ranging between 64 and 80% for lunch and dinner at 63 and 66%. That is evidenced by these results can be a valuable aid for future health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mereu
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato.
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15
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Pasi A, Crocchiolo R, Bontempelli M, Carcassi C, Carella G, Crespiatico L, Garbarino L, Mascaretti L, Mazzi B, Mazzola G, Miotti V, Porfirio B, Tagliaferri C, Valentini T, Vecchiato C, Fleischhauer K, Sacchi N, Bosi A, Martinetti M. The conundrum of HLA-DRB1*14:01/*14:54 and HLA-DRB3*02:01/*02:02 mismatches in unrelated hematopoietic SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 46:916-22. [PMID: 20972469 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Uncertainty still exists on the role of polymorphisms outside the HLA-DRB1 binding site or inside the HLA-DRB3 binding groove in unrelated hematopoietic SCT (HSCT). The ideal model to solve the conundrum consists of the transplants mismatched for HLA-DRB1*14:01/*14:54 and/or for HLA-DRB3*02:01/*02:02. A task force was set up in Italy to recruit transplanted pairs defined as HLA-DRB1*14:01 before 2006, the year crucial for the proper definition of the HLA-DRB1*14:54 allele in molecular biology. Out of 2723 unrelated pairs, 189 transplanted in Italy from 1995 to 2006 were HLA-DRB1*14:01 positive; 103/189 pairs with good historical DNA were retyped for HLA-DRB1*14 and HLA-DRB3 at-high resolution level; 31/103 pairs had HLA-DRB1*14 and/or HLA-DRB3 mismatched; 99/103, having complete clinical data, underwent statistical analysis for OS, TRM, disease-free survival and acute and chronic GvHD. No significant involvement of HLA-DRB1*14:01/*14:54 or HLA-DRB3*02:01/*02:02 mismatches was found, either alone or combined. Our findings suggest that disparities at exon 3 of the HLA-DRB1 gene seem unlikely to influence the outcome after HSCT. The same may be envisaged for HLA-DRB3(*)02:01 and (*)02:02 alleles which, although differing in the Ag binding site, seem unable to modulate an appreciable immune response in an HSCT setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pasi
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, IRCCS Foundation, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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16
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Hollenbach JA, Meenagh A, Sleator C, Alaez C, Bengoche M, Canossi A, Contreras G, Creary L, Evseeva I, Gorodezky C, Hardie RA, Karlsen TH, Lie B, Luo M, Martinetti M, Navarette C, de Oliveira DCM, Ozzella G, Pasi A, Pavlova E, Pinto S, Porto LC, Santos P, Slavcev A, Srinak D, Tavoularis S, Tonks S, Trachtenberg E, Vejbaesya S, Middleton D. Report from the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) anthropology component of the 15th International Histocompatibility Workshop: worldwide variation in the KIR loci and further evidence for the co-evolution of KIR and HLA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 76:9-17. [PMID: 20331834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) anthropology component of the 15th International Histocompatibility Workshop (IHIWS) sought to explore worldwide population variation in the KIR loci, and to examine the relationship between KIR genes and their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands. Fifteen laboratories submitted KIR genotype and HLA ligand data in 27 populations from six broad ethnic groups. Data were analyzed for correlations between the frequencies of KIR and their known HLA ligands. In addition, allelic typing was performed for KIR2DL2 and 3DL1 in a subset of populations. Strong and significant correlations were observed between KIR2DL2, 2DL3 genotype frequencies and the frequency of their ligand, HLA-C1. In contrast, only weak associations were seen for 3DL1, 3DS1 and the HLA-Bw4 ligand. Although some aspects of the correlations observed here differ from those reported in other populations, these data provide additional evidence of linked evolutionary histories for some KIR and HLA loci. Investigation of allele-level variation for the B haplotype locus KIR 2DL2 showed that two alleles, *001 and *003, predominate in all populations in this study. Much more allelic variation was observed for the A haplotype locus 3DL1, with several alleles observed at moderate frequencies and extensive variation observed between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hollenbach
- Center for Genetics, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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17
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Chiocchetti A, Orilieri E, Cappellano G, Barizzone N, D'Alfonso S, D'Annunzio G, Lorini R, Ravazzolo R, Cadario F, Martinetti M, Calcaterra V, Cerutti F, Bruno G, Larizza D, Dianzani U. The Osteopontin Gene +1239A/C Single Nucleotide Polymorphism is Associated with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the Italian Population. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:263-9. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted phosphoprotein 1, also known as Osteopontin (Opn), is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the TH1 response and is highly expressed in the islets and pancreatic lymph nodes of non-obese diabetic mice before the onset of diabetes. In humans, typing of the +1239A/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3'UTR of the Opn gene (SPP1) showed that +1239C carriers displayed higher Opn serum levels than +1239A homozygotes and a higher risk of developing autoimmune/lymphoproliferative syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether +1239A/C is also associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We typed +1239A/C in an initial cohort of 184 T1DM patients and 361 controls, and confirmed our data in a second cohort of 513 patients and 857 controls. In both cohorts, +1239C carriers displayed a significantly higher risk of T1DM than +1239A homozygotes (combined cohorts: OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.34–1.97). Clinical analysis did not detect any differences between patients carrying or not +1239C in terms of gender distribution and age at T1DM diagnosis. These data suggest that SPP1 variants marked by +1239C are associated with T1DM development in the Italian population. The predisposing effect may depend on its effect on Opn levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - G. D'Annunzio
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Gaslini Institute-IRCCS, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - R. Lorini
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Gaslini Institute-IRCCS, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - R. Ravazzolo
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Gaslini Institute-IRCCS, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | | | - M. Martinetti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Center Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - V. Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatric Sciences University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - F. Cerutti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G. Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - D. Larizza
- Department of Pediatric Sciences University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
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18
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Middleton D, Gonzalez F, Fernandez-Vina M, Tiercy JM, Marsh SGE, Aubrey M, Bicalho MG, Canossi A, Carter V, Cate S, Guerini FR, Loiseau P, Martinetti M, Moraes ME, Morales V, Perasaari J, Setterholm M, Sprague M, Tavoularis S, Torres M, Vidal S, Witt C, Wohlwend G, Yang KL. A bioinformatics approach to ascertaining the rarity of HLA alleles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 74:480-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Botteri E, Iodice S, Maisonneuve P, Alfieri M, Burzoni N, Manghi L, Martinetti M, Montanari B, Albertazzi E, Bazolli B, Rotmensz N. Case mix at the European Institute of Oncology: first report of the Tumour Registry, 2000-2002. Ecancermedicalscience 2009; 3:149. [PMID: 22276014 PMCID: PMC3223986 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2009.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: An institutional and centralized hospital-based tumour registry (TR) is the ideal supporting tool for the organization and management of clinical data in a comprehensive cancer centre. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the TR at the European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy, from its origin to its current applications. Material and methods: After a series of meetings with members of administrative, clinical, research and informatics departments, the TR was activated in March 2006 with the aim of collecting data on all the individuals referred to the institute, with or at risk of developing a tumour. It was implemented on an Oracle™-based interface. A minimum dataset of variables was defined and data collection was divided into four forms, which together gather all the relevant data on patients, tumours, treatments and subsequent events. Results: After a six-month pilot period, which involved the training of the tumour registrars, adjustments to the structure of the registry, development of a data quality control procedure and finalization of the operative protocol, since September 2006 the data collection has been fully operative. Five registrars have been chronologically entering data of all individuals who visited the IEO for the first time since 1 January 2000. As of March 2009, data on 69,637 individuals and 43,567 tumours has been reviewed, recoded and registered in the TR. Twenty-two per cent of the tumours (n=9578) were first invasive primaries, diagnosed and treated in the IEO; the most common sites were breast (n=4972), lung (n=627), intestines (n=479) and prostate (n=376). Conclusion: The IEO TR has been proven functional and reliable in monitoring the activity of the hospital, allowing extraction of data from any subpopulation with characteristics of interest. The structured and centralized TR represents an important tool for our research-oriented institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Botteri
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
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Sbarsi I, Bergamaschi P, Martinetti M, Salvaneschi L. On the benefit of blood group molecular genotyping in cord blood banking. Vox Sang 2009; 97:360-1. [PMID: 19840354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Capittini C, Pasi A, Bergamaschi P, Tinelli C, De Silvestri A, Mercati MP, Badulli C, Garlaschelli F, Sbarsi I, Guarene M, Martinetti M, Salvaneschi L, Cuccia M. HLAhaplotypes and birth weight variation: is your future going to be light or heavy? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 74:156-63. [PMID: 19500315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Capittini
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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22
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Carlo-Stella N, Bozzini S, De Silvestri A, Sbarsi I, Pizzochero C, Lorusso L, Martinetti M, Cuccia M. Molecular Study of Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproduct Gene Promoter and Identification of Specific HLA Haplotypes Possibly Involved in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:745-54. [DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) is thought to play an important role in inflammation. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a long-lasting fatigue that compromises at least 50% of a subject's daily activities without other known cause. Immune dysfunction has been implicated and an association with a peculiar genetic cytokine profile, predisposing to an immunomodulatory response of inflammatory nature, was found. The aim of this study is to analyse RAGE polymorphisms and HLA-DRB1 alleles in seventy-five Italian CFS patients and 141 controls matched for age, sex and ethnicity. These two groups underwent genomic study for RAGE –374T/A and –429C/T promoter polymorphisms; moreover, 46 patients and 186 controls were typed for HLA-DRB1 at low resolution molecular level. Of these, 31 patients and 99 controls also underwent “high resolution analysis” to define the HLA-DRB1*11 and DRB1*13 alleles. The haplotypes RAGE-374T, DRB1*04; RAGE-374T, DRB1*09; RAGE-374T, DRB1*11; RAGE-374A, DRB1*13; RAGE-429T, DRB1*04 and RAGE-429C, DRB1*11 were significantly more frequent in CFS patients, whereas RAGE-429C, DRB1*07 would seem protective. A significantly lower frequency of DRB1*1104 (5.4% vs 12.9% p=0.04, OR=0.39) and a significantly higher frequency of HLA-DRB1*1301 (13.0% vs 5.1% p=0.006, OR= 2.79) were found in CFS patients. A synergic effect was observed with RAGE polymorphism. The OR values strengthened in the following cis combinations: RAGE-374A, HLA-DRB1*1104 (OR=0.27) and RAGE-374A, HLA-DRB1*1301 (OR=6.23). HLA haplotypes rather than single alleles of RAGE or of DRB1 genes seem to be involved in CFS, probably including a subregion of major interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Carlo-Stella
- Genetics and Microbiology Department, University of Pavia, Pavia
| | - S. Bozzini
- Genetics and Microbiology Department, University of Pavia, Pavia
| | - A. De Silvestri
- Biometric Unit, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - I. Sbarsi
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - C. Pizzochero
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - L. Lorusso
- Department of Neurology, Mellino Mellini Hospital, Chiari
| | - M. Martinetti
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - M. Cuccia
- Genetics and Microbiology Department, University of Pavia, Pavia
- Inter-Departmental Research Center for Gender Studies, University of Pavia, Italy
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23
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Tursi M, Martinetti M, Gili S, Muscio M, Gay L, Crudelini M, Cenacchi G, Pucci A. Myocardial Adenomatoid Tumor in Eight Cattle: Evidence for Mesothelial Origin of Bovine Myocardial Epithelial Inclusions. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:897-903. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.08-vp-0097-t-fl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adenomatoid tumor is an uncommon benign lesion, thus far described only in humans. Adenomatoid tumors typically arise in the genital tract, exceptionally in the heart, and usually represent an incidental finding. Microscopically, they are constituted by epithelioid cells that form tubular structures and anastomosing channels within a fibrous stroma. Mesothelial origin of these lesions is suggested by their immunohistochemical characteristics. In cattle, previously reported myocardial epithelial inclusions are morphologically similar in that the cells are immunoreactive for both cytokeratins and vimentin, and bear surface microvilli. Myocardial lesions found incidentally at slaughter in 8 cattle histologically resembled the so-called bovine myocardial epithelial inclusions and had morphologic and immunohistochemical features consistent with human adenomatoid tumor. All lesions were in the left ventricular myocardium, adjacent to the epicardium, and composed of epithelioid cells that formed cords and tubules, and were immunoreactive for pan-cytokeratins, cytokeratin 5/6, vimentin, calretinin, Wilms' tumor 1 suppressor gene, and CD30 antigen. By electron microscopy, numerous long slender microvilli were associated with desmosomes and tonofibrils. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features were considered consistent with mesothelial origin. These lesions, corresponding to the previously described myocardial epithelial inclusions in cattle, might be considered embryologic rests and could represent the bovine counterpart of the human adenomatoid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Tursi
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary School, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino)
| | | | - S. Gili
- Veterinary Department, ASL 2, 10141 Turin
| | - M. Muscio
- Pathology Department, Regina Margherita Hospital, 10126 Turin
| | - L. Gay
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary School, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino)
| | - M. Crudelini
- Pathology Department, Regina Margherita Hospital, 10126 Turin
| | - G. Cenacchi
- Histopathology Department, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Pucci
- Pathology Department, Regina Margherita Hospital, 10126 Turin
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Biagi F, Bianchi PI, Campanella J, Badulli C, Martinetti M, Klersy C, Alvisi C, Luinetti O, Corazza GR. The prevalence and the causes of minimal intestinal lesions in patients complaining of symptoms suggestive of enteropathy: a follow-up study. J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:1116-8. [PMID: 18708422 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2008.060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although they are non-specific, minimal intestinal lesions are at the end of the coeliac histological damage spectrum. To investigate whether minimal intestinal lesions in patients without endomysial antibodies are due to coeliac disease, their prevalence, causes and risk of evolving into frank coeliac disease were studied. METHODS From January 2000 to December 2005, 645 duodenal biopsies were performed. In 209 patients, duodenal biopsies were performed independently of endomysial antibody results. Clinical data and HLA-typing of all the patients negative to endomysial antibodies but with minimal mucosal lesions were re-evaluated. Three years later, they were offered to be seen again, and further investigations were proposed. RESULTS 14 out of 209 patients had minimal mucosal lesions and negative endomysial antibodies. Two patients were lost to follow-up; in 7/12 patients, symptoms and histological lesions were due to a different condition, not related to coeliac disease. In 11/12 patients, HLA-typing made diagnosis of coeliac disease very unlikely. Only one patient was on a gluten-free diet because of gluten-sensitive symptoms and was DQ2(+)/DQ8(+). CONCLUSIONS Minimal duodenal lesions in patients negative to endomysial antibodies are rare and are likely to be due to conditions unrelated to coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Biagi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Coeliac Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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25
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Bontadini A, Testi M, Cuccia MC, Martinetti M, Carcassi C, Chiesa A, Cosentini E, Dametto E, Frison S, Iannone AM, Lombardo C, Malagoli A, Mariani M, Mariotti L, Mascaretti L, Mele L, Miotti V, Nesci S, Ozzella G, Piancatelli D, Romeo G, Tagliaferri C, Vatta S, Andreani M, Conte R. Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors genes in the Italian Caucasian population. J Transl Med 2006; 4:44. [PMID: 17069649 PMCID: PMC1635427 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-4-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a family of inhibitory and activatory receptors that are expressed by most natural killer (NK) cells. The KIR gene family is polymorphic: genomic diversity is achieved through differences in gene content and allelic polymorphism. The number of KIR loci has been reported to vary among individuals, resulting in different KIR haplotypes. In this study we report the genotypic structure of KIRs in 217 unrelated healthy Italian individuals from 22 immunogenetics laboratories, located in the northern, central and southern regions of Italy. Methods Two hundred and seventeen DNA samples were studied by a low resolution PCR-SSP kit designed to identify all KIR genes. Results All 17 KIR genes were observed in the population with different frequencies than other Caucasian and non-Caucasian populations; framework genes KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR2DL4 and KIR3DL2 were present in all individuals. Sixty-five different profiles were found in this Italian population study. Haplotype A remains the most prevalent and genotype 1, with a frequency of 28.5%, is the most commonly observed in the Italian population. Conclusion The Italian Caucasian population shows polymorphism of the KIR gene family like other Caucasian and non-Caucasian populations. Although 64 genotypes have been observed, genotype 1 remains the most frequent as already observed in other populations. Such knowledge of the KIR gene distribution in populations is very useful in the study of associations with diseases and in selection of donors for haploidentical bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bontadini
- Transfusion Service, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Testi
- Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Rome, Italy
| | - MC Cuccia
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | | | - C Carcassi
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | - A Chiesa
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | | | - E Dametto
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | - S Frison
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | - AM Iannone
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | - C Lombardo
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | - A Malagoli
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | - M Mariani
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | - L Mariotti
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | | | - L Mele
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | - V Miotti
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | - S Nesci
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | - G Ozzella
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | | | - G Romeo
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | | | - S Vatta
- Italian KIR Collaborative AIBT Group, Italy
| | - M Andreani
- Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Rome, Italy
| | - R Conte
- Transfusion Service, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Granata R, Settanni F, Trovato L, Destefanis S, Gallo D, Martinetti M, Ghigo E, Muccioli G. Unacylated as well as acylated ghrelin promotes cell survival and inhibit apoptosis in HIT-T15 pancreatic beta-cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29:RC19-22. [PMID: 17114904 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin is mainly produced by the stomach, although it is expressed in other tissues, including the pancreas. Among its pleiotropic actions, ghrelin prevents the development of diabetes in rats and exerts mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects in different cell types. In addition, a ghrelin-producing epsilon-cell population has been demonstrated in rodent islets, suggesting a direct role in the control of islet cell survival. In this study, we investigated the effect of acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG) on cell survival of HIT-T15 pancreatic beta cells. We show that both AG and UAG equally prevented beta cell death induced by serum withdrawal. In addition, both peptides inhibited serum starvation-induced apoptosis. These findings indicate that UAG and AG prevent cell death and apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells. Since only AG, but not UAG, binds the GRLN receptor, a different and as yet unknown receptor is likely involved in these survival mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Granata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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27
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Martinetti M, Pacati I, Cuccia M, Badulli C, Pasi A, Salvaneschi L, Minola E, De Silvestri A, Iannone AM, Maccabruni A. Hierarchy of baby-linked immunogenetic risk factors in the vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006; 19:369-78. [PMID: 16831303 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-infant transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) represents the major cause of pediatric HCV infection today. Immunogenetic influence has been poorly investigated and mainly confined to HLA-class II serological polymorphisms. Among 290 parities, 135 from Pavia and 155 from Bergamo, of HCV-RNA-infected Italian women, 21 babies (7.24%) were HCV-RNA positive at birth and steadily positive over 20 months of life. All the 21 infected babies and 44 randomly selected uninfected ones, born to HCV-RNA+ mothers but steadily negative for HCV-RNA during a follow-up of 2 years, and their mothers were investigated for HLA-G, -C, -DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 genomic polymorphisms. Among the different covariates, HLA-Cw*07, -G*010401, -DRB1*0701, -DRB1*1401 and homozygosity for HLA-G 14bp deletion can be considered as risk factors for HCV vertical transmission. On the contrary, protection was conferred by the HLA-DQB1*06, -G*0105N, -Cw*0602, DRB1*1104 and -DRB1*1302 alleles. Our initial question was: has the immunogenetic profile any role in the protection of the fetus growing in an infected milieu and, if so, is it independent from the other non-immunogenetic parameters? The answer to both questions should be yes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinetti
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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De Silvestri A, Belloni C, De Amici M, Mazzola P, Zorzetto M, Martinetti M, Salvaneschi L, Cuccia M. Non classical HLA genes and non-HLA genes in a population of infants at familial risk of atopy. Dis Markers 2006; 22:111-7. [PMID: 16788244 PMCID: PMC3851371 DOI: 10.1155/2006/321798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated on parental history and IgE serum level in 2588 consecutive newborns to individuate babies "at risk" of atopy at birth and we analysed the polymorphisms of class III region to evaluate the association with immunogenetic markers of HLA: C4A, C4B, LTA, RAGE and TNFA genes; we performed TNF and IgE receptor (FCERB1) physiologically related gene polymorphisms. RESULT 791 babies/2588 (30.6%) were considered "at risk" for atopy and followed-up: 400 had familial history of atopy (at least one parent or sibling), 256 had IgE >0.35 kUA/l at birth and during the follow-up and 135 were positive for both conditions. The allele C4B2 was significantly more frequent in the sample of babies at risk (22.1% vs 10%, p< 0.001). Furthermore, the mean value of IgE at birth in babies carrying the allele C4B2 was 2.26 KUA/l versus 0.74 KUA/l in those not carrying this allele (p=0.01). No significant association emerged for RAGE at the centromeric end of class III region and for LTA, TNFA at the telomeric one. TNFRI, TNFRII and FCERB1 gene polymorphisms also seemed not implicated. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that HLA class III region seems involved in familial predisposition to atopy, and C4B gene probably acts as a marker of a more restricted subregion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Silvestri
- Division of Neonatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
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Carlo-Stella N, Badulli C, De Silvestri A, Bazzichi L, Martinetti M, Lorusso L, Bombardieri S, Salvaneschi L, Cuccia M. A first study of cytokine genomic polymorphisms in CFS: Positive association of TNF-857 and IFNgamma 874 rare alleles. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24:179-82. [PMID: 16762155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the past two years we have developed a biological bank of genomic DNA, cDNA, serum and red blood cells of Italian patients with certified CFS from the two Italian referral centers for the syndrome. Recent studies have shown an imbalance in cytokine production in disease states similar to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), such as sickness behavior, both in animals and in humans. However we notice that serum cytokine concentrations are often inconstant and degrade rapidly. With this in mind, we investigated cytokine gene polymorphisms in 80 Italian patients with CFS in order to ascertain whether in this group of patients it is possible to describe a genetic predisposition to an inflammatory response. METHODS We analyzed the promoter polymorphisms of IL-10, IL-6 and the IFNgamma 874 T/A polymorphism in intron 1 with a PCR-SSP method (Cytogen One Lambda Inc. Canoga Park, CA, U.S.A) in 54 patients and TNF-308 G/A and -857 C/T promoter polymorphisms with a PCR-RFLP method (in 54 and 80 patients respectively). RESULTS There is a highly significant increase of TNF -857 TT and CT genotypes (p = 0.002) among patients with respect to controls and a significant decrease of IFN gamma low producers (A/A) (p = 0.04) among patients with respect to controls. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that CFS patients can have a genetic predisposition to an immunomodulatory response of an inflammatory nature probably secondary to one or more environmental insults of unknown nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Carlo-Stella
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Dept. of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Italy.
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30
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Airoldi A, Zavaglia C, Silini E, Tinelli C, Martinetti M, Asti M, Rossini A, Vangeli M, Salvaneschi L, Pinzello G. Lack of a strong association between HLA class II, tumour necrosis factor and transporter associated with antigen processing gene polymorphisms and virological response to alpha-interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 31:259-65. [PMID: 15548263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2370.2004.00478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate whether polymorphisms of the HLA class II, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes influence the response to alpha-interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Twenty-seven sustained responders and 55 non-responders to alpha-interferon monotherapy were investigated. HLA-DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, TNFA, TNFB, TAP1 and TAP2 alleles were determined by PCR-based molecular techniques. Sustained virological response was defined as undetectable serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA for at least 3 years after the end of treatment. Probability (P) values were corrected for the number of alleles tested (Pc). Viral genotype 1b was more frequent in responders than in non-responders (56% vs. 26%, P = 0.009). HLA-DQB1*02 occurred less frequently in responders than in non-responders (14.8% vs. 29%, Pc not significant). HLA-DRB1*11 and DQB1*0602 were found in 22.2% and 9.3% of responders and in 10.9% and 1.8% of non-responders, respectively (Pc not significant). There was no difference in the distribution of TNF alleles in the two groups. Twenty-four (88.8%) responder patients as compared with 34 (61.8%) non-responders were TAP1*0101 homozygous (Pc not significant). Thus, in European Caucasoids with chronic hepatitis C, we could not demonstrate a strong association between HLA class II, TNF, and TAP gene polymorphisms and response to interferon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Airoldi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 'Crespi', Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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31
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Giebel S, Giorgiani G, Martinetti M, Zecca M, Maccario R, Salvaneschi L, Holowiecki J, Locatelli F. Low incidence of severe acute graft-versus-host disease in children given haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors prospectively matched for HLA class I and II alleles with high-resolution molecular typing. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31:987-93. [PMID: 12774049 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the outcome of 63 children given haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors (URD-HSCT) prospectively selected using DNA high-resolution typing of both HLA class I and class II loci. Thirty patient/donor pairs (48%) were fully matched. Among the others, HSCT was performed in the presence of one (n=22), two (n=9), or three (n=2) HLA disparities. Patients had either malignant (n=46) or non-malignant (n=17) disease. In all cases, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclospor-in A, short-term methotrexate and pretransplant anti-thymocyte globulin. The probability of haematopoietic recovery at day 100 was 97%. Two patients experienced primary graft failure. The cumulative probability of grades III-IV acute GVHD and of extensive chronic GVHD equalled 8 and 14%, respectively. A total of 12 patients died of transplant-related complications. The probability of transplant-related mortality (TRM) at 100 and 180 days was 10 and 15%, respectively, whereas the cumulative incidence of TRM was 22%. The probability of GVHD-related mortality equalled 6% at 2.5 years. The overall and disease-free survival rates were 67 and 65%, respectively. URD-HSCT with donor selection based on high-resolution HLA typing is associated with low incidence of both severe acute GVHD and graft failure. The observed outcome is comparable to that of children transplanted from HLA-identical siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giebel
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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32
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Iafusco D, Stazi MA, Cotichini R, Cotellessa M, Martinucci ME, Mazzella M, Cherubini V, Barbetti F, Martinetti M, Cerutti F, Prisco F. Permanent diabetes mellitus in the first year of life. Diabetologia 2002; 45:798-804. [PMID: 12107723 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-002-0837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2001] [Revised: 02/06/2002] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The pathogenesis of permanent diabetes mellitus diagnosed early in life is heterogeneous and, in most cases, not known. We aimed at identifying markers differentiating between non-autoimmune and autoimmune diabetes. METHODS The clinical, genetic and epidemiological features of 111 diabetic patients (62 males) who received insulin within 12 months of life were studied. RESULTS The epidemic curve by age of diabetes onset revealed two subsets of patients at a cutoff of 180 days. In the group with diabetes onset before 180 days ("early onset" permanent diabetes) the analysis of HLA susceptibility heterodimers (available for 21 individuals) showed that 76% had a "protective" HLA genotype for Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus as compared to 11.9% (5/42) of the later onset group. Accordingly, "early onset" children were less likely to have autoimmunity markers (4 out of 26 tested) than children with onset after 180 days (13 out 20 tested) (15.4% vs. 65.0%, p<0.01). Of note, 19 out of 20 (or the 95%) patients who were born on the island of Sardinia, an Italian region where the incidence of Type I diabetes is six times higher than continental Italy (33/100,000/year vs 5/100,000/year), were included in the later onset group (>180 days). Small-for-date birthweight, a possible sign of reduced foetal insulin secretion, was more common in the "early onset" group (OR=9.9, 95%-CI 2.6-38.6). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION These results, obtained in the largest population-based cohort of diabetic infants hitherto reported, suggest that "early onset" permanent diabetes cases differ from later onset cases and that most of them do not have an autoimmune pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Iafusco
- Department of Paediatrics, Second University of Naples, Via S. Andrea delle Dame n 4 - 80100 Napoli, Italy.
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Martinetti M, Degioanni A, D'Aronzo AM, Benazzi E, Carpanelli R, Castellani L, Cenzuales S, De Biase U, De Filippo C, De Giuli A, Gerosa A, Faré M, Ferrioli G, Galvani G, Lombardo C, Malagoli A, Marchesi S, Mascaretti L, Motta F, Sioli V, Rinaldini C, Rizzolo L, Pascutto C, Bernardinelli L, Salvaneschi L. An immunogenetic map of Lombardy (Northern Italy). Ann Hum Genet 2002; 66:37-48. [PMID: 12014999 DOI: 10.1017/s0003480001008983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For this study we consulted the Bone Marrow Donors' Registry of Lombardy (Italy) and analyzed 43937 HLA-A,B phenotypes and 13922 HLA-A,B,DR phenotypes. We estimated the HLA-A,B and HLA-A,B,DR haplotype frequencies via the maximum-likelihood method. We analyzed the genetic structure of the 11 provinces of Lombardy by means of Principal Component Analysis and Correspondence Analysis, and estimated the variety of the different haplotypes at provincial level and the percentage of unique phenotypes at village level. We found 11189 different HLA-A,B phenotypes, 661 different HLA-A,B haplotypes and more than 4000 different HLA-A,B,DR haplotypes. We identified 20 villages, in Western Lombardy, very rich in unique/rare phenotypes. Here we report a formula which allows the identification of a putative donor matched for two haplotypes with a recipient. This result may be of great importance for the genetic study of the population of Lombardy and, even more, for bone marrow transplantation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinetti
- Lab. HLA, Serv. Immunoematol. Trans.-IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo-Pavia, Italy.
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De Silvestri A, Pasi A, Martinetti M, Belloni C, Tinelli C, Rondini G, Salvaneschi L, Cuccia M. Family study of non-responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine confirms the importance of HLA class III C4A locus. Genes Immun 2001; 2:367-72. [PMID: 11704802 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2001] [Revised: 07/18/2001] [Accepted: 08/03/2001] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-responsiveness to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in adults is strongly associated with HLA-C4AQ0,DRB1*0301,DQB1*02 haplotype. This association was also demonstrated in neonates who failed to mount a humoral response to challenge with HBV vaccine. About 4% of vaccinated newborns do not reach a protective antibody level (> or =10 mIU/ml) at seroconversion and 0.4% is a non-responder even after receiving a fourth dose of vaccine (true non-responders (TNR)); while 3.6% achieved an antibody level > or =10 mIU/ml (slow responders (SR)) only when reboostered with the fourth dose. In the present study we extend the vaccination and HLA typing to 91 family members of probands to understand better the possible parent-to-child transmission of this trait. A transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), performed in 27 families, showed that the C4AQ0 allele was almost always transmitted to probands, both TNRs and SRs. Although not statistically significant, the highest LOD score was obtained with C4A locus: 1.58. These results suggest the presence of a region regulating immune response against HBV vaccination near to or coincident with the C4A locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Silvestri
- Unità di Biometria, Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia-Università di Pavia, Via Abbiategrasso 207, Pavia, Italy.
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Larizza D, Calcaterra V, De Giacomo C, De Silvestri A, Asti M, Badulli C, Autelli M, Coslovich E, Martinetti M. Celiac disease in children with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Pediatr 2001; 139:738-40. [PMID: 11713456 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2001.118189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ninety children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroid disease were screened for celiac disease. All 90 patients were typed for HLA antigen class I and II and for HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 heterodimers. Celiac disease and DQA1*0501, DQB1*02 were found in 7 (7.8%) patients. The prevalence of celiac disease was 1 of 13. Screening for celiac disease is recommended in children with autoimmune thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Larizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche, Università di Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italia
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36
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Palermo B, Campanelli R, Garbelli S, Mantovani S, Lantelme E, Brazzelli V, Ardigó M, Borroni G, Martinetti M, Badulli C, Necker A, Giachino C. Specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against Melan-A/MART1, tyrosinase and gp100 in vitiligo by the use of major histocompatibility complex/peptide tetramers: the role of cellular immunity in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117:326-32. [PMID: 11511311 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common skin disease characterized by the presence of well circumscribed, depigmented, milky white macules devoid of identifiable melanocytes. Although the detection of circulating anti-melanocytic antibodies and of infiltrating lymphocytes at the margin of lesions supports the view that vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder, its etiology remains unknown. In particular, it is still a matter of debate whether the primary pathogenic role is exerted by humoral or cellular abnormal immune responses. In this study, the presence of specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against the melanocyte differentiation antigens Melan-A/MART1, tyrosinase, and gp100 in vitiligo patients have been investigated by the use of major histocompatibility complex/peptide tetramers. High frequencies of circulating melanocyte-specific CD8+ T cells were found in all vitiligo patients analyzed. These cells exerted anti-melanocytic cytotoxic activity in vitro and expressed skin-homing capacity. In one patient melanocyte-specific cells were characterized by an exceptionally high avidity for their peptide/major histocompatibility complex ligand. These findings strongly suggest a role for cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and impact on the common mechanisms of self tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Palermo
- Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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37
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Lorini R, Alibrandi A, Vitali L, Klersy C, Martinetti M, Betterle C, d'Annunzio G, Bonifacio E. Risk of type 1 diabetes development in children with incidental hyperglycemia: A multicenter Italian study. Diabetes Care 2001; 24:1210-6. [PMID: 11423504 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.24.7.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to determine whether children with incidental hyperglycemia are at an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 748 subjects, 1-18 years of age (9.04 +/- 3.62, mean +/- SD), without family history of type 1 diabetes, without obesity, and not receiving drugs were studied and found to have incidental elevated glycemia defined as fasting plasma glucose >5.6 mmol/l confirmed on two occasions. Subjects were tested for immunological, metabolic, and immunogenetic markers. RESULTS Islet cell antibodies >5 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units were found in 10% of subjects, elevated insulin autoantibody levels in 4.6%, GAD antibody in 4.9%, and anti-tyrosine phosphatase-like protein autoantibodies in 3.9%. First-phase insulin response (FPIR) was <1st centile in 25.6% of subjects. The HLA-DR3/DR3 and HLA-DR4/other alleles were more frequent in hyperglycemic children than in normal control subjects (P = 0.012 and P = 0.005, respectively), and the HLA-DR other/other allele was less frequent than in normal control subjects (P = 0.000027). After a median follow-up of 42 months (range 1 month to 7 years), 16 (2.1%) subjects (11 males and 5 females), 4.1-13.9 years of age, became insulin dependent. All had one or more islet autoantibodies, and the majority had impaired insulin response and genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Diabetes symptoms were recorded in 11 patients and ketonuria only in 4 patients. The cumulative risk of type 1 diabetes was similar in males and females, and it was also similar in subjects under or over 10 years, whereas the cumulative risk of type 1 diabetes was increased in subjects with one or more autoantibodies and in those with FPIR <1st centile. CONCLUSIONS Children with incidental hyperglycemia have a higher-than-normal frequency of immunological, metabolic, or genetic markers for type 1 diabetes and have an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lorini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Genoa, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
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38
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Manni R, Politini L, Nobili L, Ferrillo F, Livieri C, Veneselli E, Biancheri R, Martinetti M, Tartara A. Hypersomnia in the Prader Willi syndrome: clinical-electrophysiological features and underlying factors. Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 112:800-5. [PMID: 11336895 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common symptom in Prader Willi syndrome (PWs). Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and narcoleptic traits such as REM sleep onsets (SOREMPs) have been reported in these subjects. We evaluated nighttime and daytime sleep patterns in patients with PWs in order to clarify the nature of their hypersomnia. DESIGN AND METHODS We performed overnight continuous EEG-polysomnographic studies (with breathing monitoring included) in 14 subjects (6 M,8 F; mean age 17 years, range 8-37) affected by PWs unselected for sleep disturbances. Ten patients underwent a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) the day following the nocturnal sleep studies. Patients assessment was completed by means of immunogenetic characterization. RESULTS Nocturnal polysomnographic investigation documented sleep related breathing abnormalities such as central apneas, hypopneas or hypoventilation which mainly occurred during REM sleep in 8 subjects and did not cause sleep disruption. Only 4 subjects presented an increase in the Respiratory Disorder Index (RDI) slightly above the normal limits. In 8 subjects out of 10, with and without SDB, the mean daytime sleep latency could be considered abnormal according to the Tanner staging of pubertal development. Five patients showed at least two SOREMPs at MSLT. Subjects with and without SOREMPs had, respectively, a mean age of 18.6 SD 7.9 (4 M, 1 F) and 14.5 SD 2.9 (4 F, 1 M). The paternal deletion:uniparental dysomy ratio at genotypic characterization was 4:1 and 3.5:1 in subjects with and without SOREMPs, respectively. No patient presented DR-15 nor Dq-6. CONCLUSIONS Excessive sleepiness is a frequent disturbance in PWs. Subgroups of PW patients show hypersomnolence and SOREMPs. Sleep disordered breathing appears to have a limited role in the genesis of hypersomnia which not seems on the other hand attributable to the coexistence of narcolepsy phenotype. Hypersomnia in PW syndrome is likely to mainly be attributable to a primary hypothalamic dysfunction. The potential interacting role of other factors such as subjects age, sex and genetic pattern is suggested and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manni
- Centre of Sleep Medicine, IRCCS Institute of Neurology "C. Mondino", Via Palestro 3, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
For twenty years, W.H. James has been proposing that the sex hormone level of both parents could control at least a quota of the secondary sex ratio variation at the time of conception. Observations supporting this hypothesis have come from investigations on some diseases related to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). In the present study on 1102 healthy Italian families, we investigated the potential effect on the offspring sex ratio of HLA-B alleles on the basis of a genetic model. We defined three subsets of HLA-B alleles and hypothesized a locus (L) with three alleles, L(H), L(N), L(B15), on the basis of the positive, neutral, or negative effect on the testosterone level. According to the genetic model and the dominance relation L(H) > L(B15) > L(N), six genotypic and three phenotypic classes (H, N, B15) can be expected. We found a significantly high number of daughters (66%) born to fathers carrying the B15 phenotype. This result suggests an effect of the HLA-B15 allele on the secondary sex ratio, mediated by a low testosterone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Astolfi
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Italy
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41
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Martinetti M, De Silvestri A, Belloni C, Pasi A, Tinelli C, Pistorio A, Salvaneschi L, Rondini G, Avanzini MA, Cuccia M. Humoral response to recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccine at birth: role of HLA and beyond. Clin Immunol 2000; 97:234-40. [PMID: 11112362 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2000.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From 1991 to 1998 we vaccinated 4835 neonates against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and monitored their humoral response to the recombinant vaccine. In a sample of 184 of these babies we studied the association between HLA class I and II genomic polymorphisms and humoral response to the vaccine and the association between the response and immune-mediated diseases. A subgroup of 96 babies also underwent HLA class III (C4A and C4B) typing. Four levels of humoral response were identified, each with a peculiar MHC restriction. Different HLA products seem to act as agonists (C4AQ0 and HLA-DQB1(*)02) or antagonists (C4AQ0, HLA-DQB1(*)02, and HLA-DRB1(*)11, DQB1(*)0301) in lowering humoral response to HBV vaccine. The group of responders was characterized more for lacking "nonresponder" alleles than for having specific "responder" ones. Tolerance to HBV peptides may have clinical implications, possibly being a marker for babies with a genetic risk of immunopathologies. In fact, many of the poor responders carried from two to four HLA-DQ alpha beta heterodimers predisposing to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and celiac disease. Two true nonresponders suffered from allergies and two slow responders had transient episodes of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinetti
- Servizio di Immunoematologia, Transfusione e Centro di Immunologia dei Trapianti, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Di Maria A, Redaelli C, Canevari A, Pagnucco G, Martinetti M, Bianchi PE. Unilateral retinal vasculitis associated with hairy cell leukaemia: immunogenetic study. Ophthalmologica 2000; 212:355-7. [PMID: 9693298 DOI: 10.1159/000027325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a case of retinal vasculitis which occurred in hairy cell leukaemia and was localized only in the right eye. An immunogenetic study investigates the possible genetic association between vascular uveitis and hairy cell leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Maria
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
High-resolution polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primer typing of the HLA-DRB1 gene of an Italian patient waiting for unrelated bone marrow transplantation revealed a new allelic variant of HLA-DRB1*13. Sequencing the exon 2 of DRB1* gene demonstrated a G-->C transition at the nucleotide 216 resulting in a silent mutation at codon 72: CGG-->CGC. The closest sequence was the HLA-DRB1*1302 and the new allele was named HLA-DRB1*13022. This variant was carried by the haplotype HLA-A*24; Cw*0702; B*39; DRB1*13022; DRB3*0301; DQA1*0102; DQB1*0604 as demonstrated by a family study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinetti
- Servizio di Immunoematologia e Trasfusione e Centro d'Immunologia dei Trapianti, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavla, Italy.
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Brazzelli V, Quaglini M, Martinetti M, Nolli G, Salvaneschi L, Cuccia M, Borroni G. A peculiar sequence motif in the alpha-1-domain of the HLA-C molecule in psoriasis. Dermatology 2000; 200:99-103. [PMID: 10773694 DOI: 10.1159/000018338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most immunogenetic studies restrict the location of the susceptibility gene for psoriasis to the HLA-C locus. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the amino acid sequences of the HLA-C binding groove associated with the disease in a restricted population of Italian descent: Pavia, Northern Italy. METHOD Forty patients, affected by psoriasis, underwent genomic analysis of exons 2 and 3 of the HLA-C gene by means of the PCR-SSP technique. RESULTS The HLA-C*0602 gene frequency was significantly higher in patients with respect to 122 sex-, age- and ethnically matched controls (25 vs. 8.6%, chi(2) = 14.65, p = 0.000129). This frequency rose to 39.5% in patients with a family history positive for psoriasis. In particular, 4 amino acid substitutions were shown to be crucial for the predisposition to the disease, namely Ala 73 and Asn 77 (located in the C pocket of the antigen binding groove), Lys 80 in the F pocket and Asp 90 in the outer loop of the molecule. This peculiar motif, entirely located in the alpha(1)-domain of the HLA-C molecule, was characteristic of psoriatic patients being present in 77.5% of the cases against the 50.82% of controls (chi(2) = 8.77; p = 0.0031). Homozygosity for the amino acids considered at these residues was found in 15% of patients and in 0% of controls (chi(2) = 20.74, p = 0.0000053). CONCLUSION The most important results emerging from this study indicate that Ala 73, Asn 77, Lys 80 and Asp 90 together form a motif restricted to few pathogenic peptides to be studied in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Brazzelli
- Department of Human and Hereditary Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Policlinico S. Matteo IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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Martinetti M, Dugoujon JM, Tinelli C, Cipriani A, Cortelazzo A, Salvaneschi L, Casali L, Semenzato G, Cuccia M, Luisetti M. HLA-Gm/kappam interaction in sarcoidosis. Suggestions for a complex genetic structure. Eur Respir J 2000; 16:74-80. [PMID: 10933088 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16a13.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of sarcoidosis is still unknown. Environmental exposures are believed to interact with genetic factors in determining the pattern of sarcoidosis presentation, progression and prognosis. The frequency of serological polymorphism of immunoglobulin G heavy chain (Gm) and kappa light chain (kappam) markers in 107 patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis and in 227 controls, and their interactions with histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, II, and III markers, were studied. A "protective" effect of the Gm(3 5*) phenotype in the sarcoid group versus controls (p-value for number of specificities tested (p(c))=0.05, odds ratio 0.15) and a reduced frequency of Gm(3 23 5*) in patients with advanced chest radiographic stage (Chi-squared (two degrees of freedom)(chi2(2df) 17.61, p(c)=0.0058) were observed. With reference to epistatic interactions, the combination Gm(3 23 5*)/BfS had a "protective" effect towards stage II (chi2(2dt) 13.86, p(c)=0.043). Finally, correspondence analysis defined two clusters: HLA-DR4, C4BQ0, Gm(1, 3, 17 23 5*, 21, 28) and BfF associated with stage II, and HLA-DR3, C4AQ0, kappam(1) and Gm(3 23 5*) associated with stage I. These data further support the hypothesis that sarcoidosis results from an interplay of environmental factors and genes, each contributing to the susceptibility/resistance to and/or the clinical heterogeneity of the disease. In addition, these data provide the first evidence of an interaction between immunoglobulin G heavy chain/kappa light chain markers and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen class III genes in a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinetti
- Laboratorio HLA, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Trasfusione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Università degli Studi, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to determine whether serum TNF-alpha levels in individuals at risk of developing type 1 diabetes, such as first-degree relatives of diabetic patients and children with incidental hyperglycemia, underwent alterations, and also to establish whether these levels might be used to identify individuals prior to insulin dependence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD We studied 71 healthy first-degree relatives (FDR) of type 1 diabetic patients and 11 children with incidental hyperglycemia. We looked for immunogenetic (HLA class II serologic alleles and HLA-DQ alpha/beta genomic polymorphisms), immunologic (islet-cell and insulin autoantibodies) and metabolic (FPIR to IVGTT) markers of type 1 diabetic risk. Serum concentrations of TNF-alpha were quantified using IRMA. RESULTS We found significantly lower serum TNF-alpha levels in FDR of type 1 diabetic patients (median: 54.3 pg/ml) (p=0.01) and in children with incidental hyperglycemia (median: 10.83 pg/ml) (p<0.0001) compared to controls (median: 76.56 pg/ml). No significant difference was observed between subjects with or without immunogenetic, immunologic and metabolic markers of type 1 diabetic risk. A negative correlation was found between serum TNF-alpha and HbA1c levels (r=-0.27, p=0.023). Two children with incidental hyperglycemia, whose TNF-alpha levels were very low, developed type 1 diabetes 6 and 8 months after this study. CONCLUSION Our results are compatible with an impaired immune system in the prediabetic period and suggest that serum TNF-alpha concentrations may be considered as an immunological marker useful to identify subjects at risk of developing type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vitali
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Recalde H, Cuccia M, Oggionni T, Dondi E, Martinetti M, Luisetti M. Lymphocyte expression of human leukocyte antigen class II molecules in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1999; 54:384-9. [PMID: 10741094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifactorial disorder, deriving from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Polymorphisms of genes of the human major histocompatibility complex in COPD have been poorly studied in the past. In a preliminary approach, it was difficult to type human leukocyte antigen (HLA) at the protein level and it was hypothesized that there was a reduced surface density of HLA class II molecules. The aims of this study were to analyse, by cytofluorimetry, HLA class I and II molecule densities on peripheral mononuclear cells of COPD patients and to investigate whether there was a correlation with the polymorphisms of DQA and DQB promoter regions which are supposed to be important factors involved in surface expression of HLA-DQ molecules. The study investigated 27 male COPD patients admitted because of disease exacerbation and 49 healthy male controls. Quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity of HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DR, DP, DQ) molecules was performed on blood mononuclear cells by cytoron cytofluorimetry. Polymorphisms of DQA and DQB promoters (QAP and QBP) were determined from the DNA (PCR-SSO). The surface densities of HLA class I and HLA-DQ molecules did not differ between the COPD patients and controls. HLA-DP molecule density seemed to be slightly, but not significantly lower in COPD, whereas surface HLA-DR molecules were significantly reduced (p < 0.005 vs controls). Frequencies of QAP alleles were not different between the COPD patients and controls, but the QBP 5.12 allele was significantly more frequent in COPD than in controls (chi 2 = 10.83, p = 0.0182, RR 5.5). In conclusion, individuals with exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have reduced surface DR molecule expression and an increased frequency of the QBP 5.12 allele. The possible relationship between these two features and the possible role of cytokines in reducing human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Recalde
- Centro Trasfusionale, Ospedale Fornaroli, Magenta, Italy
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Balduini CL, Noris P, Giorgiani G, Martinetti M, Klersy C, Spedini P, Belletti S, MacCario R, Gusberti L, Locatelli F. Incompatibility for CD31 and human platelet antigens and acute graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. Br J Haematol 1999; 106:723-9. [PMID: 10468865 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is often complicated by acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). In patients transplanted with an HLA-matched donor the occurrence of this complication is believed to be favoured by disparities at the minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA). However, few of these polymorphic molecules have been identified. We sought to determine whether donor/recipient incompatibility for HPA-1, HPA-2, HPA-3, HPA-5 or CD31 (codon 125) antigens represented a risk factor for aGVHD and genotyped these antigens in 70 bone marrow donors and their HLA-identical recipients. All patients were children who received BMT for haematological malignancies at a single institution according to well-defined therapy protocols. Statistical analysis showed that incompatibility for CD31 (codon 125) was a risk factor for grade II-IV aGVHD in the overall patient population, whereas HPA-3 incompatibility predicted aGVHD occurrence in HLA-A2 patients only. The magnitude of the aGVHD risk was directly related to the number of HPA/CD31 incompatibilities. No correlation was found between non-identity for HPA/CD31 and aGVHD. Since incompatibility but not non-identity for CD31 or HPA-3 was a risk factor for aGVHD, we suggest that allelic variants of these molecules can serve as mHA in BMT recipients from HLA-identical donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Balduini
- Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, University of Pavia, Italy
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49
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Asti M, Martinetti M, Zavaglia C, Cuccia MC, Gusberti L, Tinelli C, Cividini A, Bruno S, Salvaneschi L, Ideo G, Mondelli MU, Silini EM. Human leukocyte antigen class II and III alleles and severity of hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease. Hepatology 1999; 29:1272-9. [PMID: 10094975 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510290445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C outcome is likely related both to viral factors and host's immune responses. We correlated the severity of liver disease with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes (C4A, C4B, TNFA, TNFB, DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5, DQA1, DQB1, TAP1, and TAP2) in three groups of subjects: 99 patients with chronic hepatitis, 41 asymptomatic carriers, and 179 uninfected controls. Patients with grade/stage 3 to 4 hepatitis significantly differentiated for their low frequency of alleles TNFB*1, DRB1*1104, and DRB3*03, which had a protective role, and high frequency of allele DRB1*1001, which was associated with disease severity. HLA-DRB*11 subtypes were differentially distributed: DRB1*1104 was most frequent in carriers, whereas DRB1*1101 was more frequent in patients. The TAP1C,2A haplotype was also underrepresented in patients with respect to controls. Finally, a decrease of heterozygous subjects was observed in patients with respect to carriers at the DQB1 locus. Multivariate analysis by correspondence analysis and multiple logistic regression indicated that age, sex, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) type were the strongest risk factors; however, some immunogenetic variables (TNFB*1, DRB1*1104, and DRB3*03) showed an independent contribution, especially in comparing patients with extreme manifestations of disease. The involvement of different genes in various HLA subregions suggests that anti-HCV responses are modulated by a complex gene interplay rather than by single alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asti
- Department of Pathology, Università and IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Larizza D, Martinetti M, Lorini R, Dugoujon JM, Tinelli C, Vitali L, Calcaterra V, Cuccia M, Severi F. Parental segregation of autoimmunity in patients with Turner's syndrome: preferential paternal transmission? J Autoimmun 1999; 12:65-72. [PMID: 10028024 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.1998.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of autoantibodies has been reported to be increased in both patients with Turner's syndrome and their parents. We evaluated organ-specific and non-organ-specific autoantibodies in 95 patients, ranging in age from infancy to adulthood, and in most of their parents, in order to determine the characteristics of autoimmune disorders in these families and to relate it to the genetic markers usually involved in autoimmunity (HLA, GM and KM genes). A statistically significant difference was observed between Turner patients and controls in the frequencies of organ-specific autoantibodies, in particular thyroid microsomal antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies; however, the presence of autoantibodies was not associated with overt diseases in most cases. No significant difference was found between parents and controls. A study of the inheritance of the autoimmunity showed that transmission was preferentially paternal, since Turner patients had more chance of presenting autoantibodies when their fathers had autoantibodies rather than their mothers. A positive association was found between the presence of auto-antibodies and HLA-DR7;DQ2 and HLA-DR7;DQ9 haplotypes in Turner patients and fathers. No significant association was found between GM and KM allotype frequencies in Turner patients and their parents and the presence of autoantibodies. No epistatic interaction was demonstrated between HLA and GM or KM genes. Familial segregation was studied and a preferentially paternal transmission of HLA-DR7-carrying haplotypes and possibly also of the KM (1) allotype with autoimmunity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Larizza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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