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Diffraction-optimized aperiodic surface structures for enhanced current density in organic solar cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:36678-36690. [PMID: 36258591 DOI: 10.1364/oe.465177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel diffractive surface structures are designed, evaluated, and optimized to achieve a significant increase in current density in organic solar cells. The surface relief phase gratings are patterned based on concentric rings, a Fermat's spiral, and an Archimedean spiral, respectively, and thus diffract incident light independent of its azimuthal angle, as they all exhibit circularly symmetric diffraction patterns. The grating pillars are arranged on the rings or spirals according to periodic or deterministic aperiodic Thue-Morse and Rudin-Shapiro sequences, tailoring the desired diffraction patterns. After evaluating the surface patterns against each other and further parameter optimization, a final current density enhancement of 5 % is achieved for one of the most promising patterns, the Thue-Morse sequence on an Archimedean spiral.
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[External Quality Assessment of Thick and Thin Blood Smear Slides for the Diagnosis of Malaria in the Lomé and Gulf Health Districts of Togo]. MEDECINE TROPICALE ET SANTE INTERNATIONALE 2021; 1:S1SQ-3476. [PMID: 35586643 PMCID: PMC9022756 DOI: 10.48327/s1sq-3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective In sub-Saharan Africa where 90% of malaria cases are concentrated, the control of this disease constitutes a major challenge whose diagnosis by thick and thin smear deserves to be exact and reproducible. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of thick/thin blood smear in order to improve its implementation process. Material and methods This was a descriptive and analytical study that took place from May to June 2017 and involved participating laboratories (PL) coming from public, liberal and confessional sectors in Lomé. A set of 13 blood smear slides of variable parasite densities (PD) with assigned values (AV) of parasite densities and the Plasmodium species assigned was used. The criterion for establishing the parasite densities compliance interval was assigned values ± 25% and the performance rates were compared to the 80% recommended by the WHO for Africa region. Results 41.9% (13/31) of the PLs had a compliance rate greater than 80% including four with a performance of 100% for the ability to identify the Plasmodium species. For the parasitaemia < 100/μl, 51.6% of participating laboratories had a performance rate less than 80% and for parasitaemia > 2000/μl, 100% of these laboratories had a performance rate greater than 80%. Conclusion The evaluated laboratories had insufficient ability for the identification of Plasmodium falciparum and the correct estimation of low parasitaemia. A need to strength the technical skills, adapted to the context of low parasitaemia are essential to improve the biological diagnosis of malaria in Togo.
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Therapeutic delivery of RNA effectors: diseases affecting the respiratory system. DIE PHARMAZIE 2016; 71:21-26. [PMID: 26867349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although there are several hurdles to overcome on the way to the lung, this target organ provides several advantages for successful drug absorption. Recent findings in this field of research give reason to assume that the pulmonary delivery of RNA effector molecules holds a promising potential for the treatment of numerous severe respiratory diseases.
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The Frequencies of Different Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Adult Metabolic Centres: Report from the SSIEM Adult Metabolic Physicians Group. JIMD Rep 2015; 27:85-91. [PMID: 26450566 PMCID: PMC5580735 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few centres which specialise in the care of adults with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). To anticipate facilities and staffing needed at these centres, it is of interest to know the distribution of the different disorders. METHODS A survey was distributed through the list-serve of the SSIEM Adult Metabolic Physicians group asking clinicians for number of patients with confirmed diagnoses, types of diagnoses and age at diagnosis. RESULTS Twenty-four adult centres responded to our survey with information on 6,692 patients. Of those 6,692 patients, 510 were excluded for diagnoses not within the IEM spectrum (e.g. bone dysplasias, hemochromatosis) or for age less than 16 years, leaving 6,182 patients for final analysis. The most common diseases followed by the adult centres were phenylketonuria (20.6%), mitochondrial disorders (14%) and lysosomal storage disorders (Fabry disease (8.8%), Gaucher disease (4.2%)). Amongst the disorders that can present with acute metabolic decompensation, the urea cycle disorders, specifically ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, were most common (2.2%), followed by glycogen storage disease type I (1.5%) and maple syrup urine disease (1.1%). Patients were frequently diagnosed as adults, particularly those with mitochondrial disease and lysosomal storage disorders. CONCLUSIONS A wide spectrum of IEM are followed at adult centres. Specific knowledge of these disorders is needed to provide optimal care including up-to-date knowledge of treatments and ability to manage acute decompensation.
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Bulk sensitive hard x-ray photoemission electron microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:113704. [PMID: 25430117 DOI: 10.1063/1.4902141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) has now matured into a well-established technique as a bulk sensitive probe of the electronic structure due to the larger escape depth of the highly energetic electrons. In order to enable HAXPES studies with high lateral resolution, we have set up a dedicated energy-filtered hard x-ray photoemission electron microscope (HAXPEEM) working with electron kinetic energies up to 10 keV. It is based on the NanoESCA design and also preserves the performance of the instrument in the low and medium energy range. In this way, spectromicroscopy can be performed from threshold to hard x-ray photoemission. The high potential of the HAXPEEM approach for the investigation of buried layers and structures has been shown already on a layered and structured SrTiO3 sample. Here, we present results of experiments with test structures to elaborate the imaging and spectroscopic performance of the instrument and show the capabilities of the method to image bulk properties. Additionally, we introduce a method to determine the effective attenuation length of photoelectrons in a direct photoemission experiment.
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Erratum zu: Neue AHA- und ACC-Leitlinie zur Risikoreduktion von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen durch Cholesterinsenkung. Stellungnahme der D•A•CH-Gesellschaft Prävention von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen e. V., der Österreichischen Atherosklerose Gesellschaft und der Arbeitsgruppe Lipide und Atherosklerose (AGLA) der Schweizer Gesellschaft für Kardiologie. Internist (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00108-014-3576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Diabetes und COPD: Gemeinsam oder doch allein? DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1366564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Diabetes und COPD: Gemeinsam oder doch allein? DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1366439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Stationäre Prävalenz von Folgeerkrankungen bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1375008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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[New AHA and ACC guidelines on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk : Statement of the D•A•CH Society for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Austrian Atherosclerosis Society and the Working Group on Lipids and Atherosclerosis (AGLA) of the Swiss Society for Cardiology]. Internist (Berl) 2014; 55:601-6. [PMID: 24770979 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-014-3492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Guidelines for the reduction of cholesterol to prevent atherosclerotic vascular events were recently released by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. The authors claim to refer entirely to evidence from randomized controlled trials, thereby confining their guidelines to statins as the primary therapeutic option. The guidelines derived from these trials do not specify treatment goals, but refer to the percentage of cholesterol reduction by statin medication with low, moderate, and high intensity. However, these targets are just as little tested in randomized trials as are the cholesterol goals derived from clinical experience. The same applies to the guidelines of the four patient groups which are defined by vascular risk. No major statin trial has included patients on the basis of their global risk; thus the allocation criteria are also arbitrarily chosen. These would actually lead to a significant increase in the number of patients to be treated with high or maximum dosages of statins. Also, adhering to dosage regulations instead of cholesterol goals contradicts the principles of individualized patient care. The option of the new risk score to calculate lifetime risk up to the age of 80 years in addition to the 10-year risk can be appreciated. Unfortunately it is not considered in the therapeutic recommendations provided, despite evidence from population and genetic studies showing that even a moderate lifetime reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or non-HDL cholesterol has a much stronger effect than an aggressive treatment at an advanced age. In respect to secondary prevention, the new American guidelines broadly match the European guidelines. Thus, the involved societies from Germany, Austria and Switzerland recommend continuing according to established standards, such as the EAS/ESC guidelines.
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Induction of M2-macrophages by tumour cells and tumour growth promotion by M2-macrophages: a quid pro quo in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2013; 13:508-16. [PMID: 24075516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More effective therapies are required to improve survival of pancreatic cancer. Possible immunologic targets include tumour associated macrophages (TAMs), generally consisting of M1- and M2-macrophages. We have analysed the impact of TAMS on pancreatic cancer in a syngeneic orthotopic murine model. METHODS 6606PDA murine pancreatic cancer cells were orthotopically injected into C57BL6 mice. Tumour growth was monitored using MRI. Macrophages were depleted by clodronate liposomes. Tumours including microvessel density were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and/or cytometric beads assays. Naïve macrophages were generated employing peritoneal macrophages. In vitro experiments included culturing of macrophages in tumour supernatants as well as tumour cells cultured in macrophage supernatants using arginase as well as Griess assays. RESULTS Clodronate treatment depleted macrophages by 80% in livers (p = 0.0051) and by 60% in pancreatic tumours (p = 0.0169). MRI revealed tumour growth inhibition from 221.8 mm(3) to 92.3 mm(3) (p = 0.0216). Micro vessel densities were decreased by 44% (p = 0.0315). Yet, MCP-1-, IL-4- and IL-10-levels within pancreatic tumours were unchanged. 6606PDA culture supernatants led to a shift from naïve macrophages towards an M2-phenotype after a 36 h treatment (p < 0.0001), reducing M1-macrophages at the same time (p < 0.037). In vivo, M2-macrophages represented 85% of all TAMs (p < 0.0001). Finally, culture supernatants of M2-macrophages induced tumour growth in vitro by 63.2% (p = 0.0034). CONCLUSIONS This quid pro quo of tumour cells and M2-macrophages could serve as a new target for future immunotherapies that interrupt tumour promoting activities of TAMs and change the iNOS-arginase balance towards their tumoricidal capacities.
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MR Quantifizierung von Leberlipiden nach partieller Hepatektomie im Mausmodell bei 3T. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1346481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines nicht diagnostizierten Typ 2 Diabetes steigt in Abhängigkeit von der Schwere der arteriosklerotischen Gefäßerkrankung bis auf 34% der Patienten mit 3-Gefäß-KHK. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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European survey on efficacy and safety of duty-cycled radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace 2012; 14:1700-7. [PMID: 22772054 PMCID: PMC3501283 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eus188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Duty-cycled radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been used for atrial fibrillation (AF) for around 5 years, but large-scale data are scarce. The purpose of this survey was to report the outcome of the technique. METHODS AND RESULTS A survey was conducted among 20 centres from seven European countries including 2748 patients (2128 with paroxysmal and 620 with persistent AF). In paroxysmal AF an overall success rate of 82% [median 80%, interquartile range (IQR) 74-90%], a first procedure success rate of 72% [median 74% (IQR 59-83%)], and a success of antiarrhythmic medication of 59% [median 60% (IQR 39-72%)] was reported. In persistent AF, success rates were significantly lower with 70% [median 74% (IQR 60-92%)]; P = 0.05) as well as the first procedure success rate of 58% [median 55% (IQR 47-81%)]; P = 0.001). The overall success rate was similar among higher and lower volume centres and were not dependent on the duration of experience with duty-cycled RFA (r = -0.08, P = 0.72). Complications were observed in 108 (3.9%) patients, including 31 (1.1%) with symptomatic transient ischaemic attack or stroke, which had the same incidence in paroxysmal and persistent AF (1.1 vs. 1.1%) and was unrelated to the case load (r = 0.24, P = 0.15), bridging anticoagulation to low molecular heparin, routine administration of heparin over the long sheath, whether a transoesophageal echocardiogram was performed in every patient or not and average procedure times. CONCLUSION Duty-cycled RFA has a self-reported success and complication rate similar to conventional RFA. After technical modifications a prospective registry with controlled data monitoring should be conducted to assess outcome.
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Multimodale Lipidtherapie bei Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1312915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Frühe Diagnose Diabetes: 777 orale Glukosetoleranztests und HbA1c-Bestimmungen bei Patienten mit Koronarer Herzerkrankung. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Braunes Fettgewebe (BAT) kontrolliert den Triglyzerid-Stoffwechsel über die Lipoproteinlipase (LPL) und den CD36-Transporter. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) vermittelt die hepatische Lipoproteinaufnahme über das LDL receptor related protein 1 (LRP-1). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Moderate doses of EPA and DHA from re-esterified triacylglycerols but not from ethyl-esters lower fasting serum triacylglycerols in statin-treated dyslipidemic subjects: Results from a six month randomized controlled trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011; 85:381-6. [PMID: 21862301 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, in a supplementation study over six months, it has been demonstrated that re-esterified omega-3 fatty acid triacylglycerols (n3-FA-rTAGs) led to a higher increase in omega-3-index compared to identical doses of n3-FA ethyl-esters (n3-FA-EEs), suggesting a better long-term bioavailability. The aim of this study was to examine whether differences occur between the two forms in affecting fasting serum lipid levels. 150 dyslipidemic statin-treated participants were randomized to corn oil as a placebo or fish oil either as rTAG or EE in identical doses (1.01g EPA+0.67g DHA). No changes in total cholesterol, HDL or LDL levels were observed. In the rTAG-group, but not in the EE-group, fasting serum TAG levels were significantly reduced from baseline after three and six months. There was no significant difference between the two n3-FA-groups. However, serum TAG levels were significantly lowered after six months in the rTAG-group compared to the placebo-group in contrast to the EE-group.
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P1-S5.04 HSV-2 Prevalence and Incidence among Stable HIV-1 Discordant Couples in Nairobi, Kenya. Sex Transm Infect 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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68 THE FUNCTION OF APOA5 IN THE METABOLISM OF TRIGLYCERIDERICH LIPOPROTEINS (TRL) PARTIALLY DEPENDS ON LRP1. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13 HOW BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE CORRECTS HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND OBESITY: A ROLE FOR LIPOPROTEINS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Successful closure of guidewire-induced coronary perforation with intracoronary thrombin injection. Clin Res Cardiol 2011; 100:807-8. [PMID: 21533582 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-011-0316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can normalize hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia in mice. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5), besides accelerating plasma triglyceride hydrolysis, mediates triglyceride reduction via an LDL receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) dependent pathway. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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[Energy, brown adipose tissue, obesity]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2011; 136:548-50. [PMID: 21387214 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1274540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Enhanced increase of omega-3 index in response to long-term n-3 fatty acid supplementation from triacylglycerides versus ethyl esters. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 65:247-54. [PMID: 21063431 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a debate currently about whether different chemical forms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are absorbed in an identical way. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of the omega-3 index, the percentage of EPA+DHA in red blood cell membranes, to supplementation with two different omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) formulations in humans. DESIGN The study was conducted as a double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. A total of 150 volunteers was randomly assigned to one of the three groups: (1) fish oil concentrate with EPA+DHA (1.01 g+0.67 g) given as reesterified triacylglycerides (rTAG group); (2) corn oil (placebo group) or (3) fish oil concentrate with EPA+DHA (1.01 g+0.67 g) given as ethyl ester (EE group). Volunteers consumed four gelatine-coated soft capsules daily over a period of six months. The omega-3 index was determined at baseline (t(0)) after three months (t(3)) and at the end of the intervention period (t(6)). RESULTS The omega-3 index increased significantly in both groups treated with n-3 FAs from baseline to t(3) and t(6) (P<0.001). The omega-3 index increased to a greater extent in the rTAG group than in the EE group (t(3): 186 versus 161% (P<0.001); t(6): 197 versus 171% (P<0.01)). CONCLUSION A six-month supplementation of identical doses of EPA+DHA led to a faster and higher increase in the omega-3 index when consumed as triacylglycerides than when consumed as ethyl esters.
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W29 BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE IS A MAJOR DETERMINANT OF PLASMA CLEARANCE AND ORGAN UPTAKE OF TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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P232 LDL RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEIN 1 (LRP1) IS NECESSARY FOR APOLIPOPROTEIN A5 (APOA5) MEDIATED TRIGLYCERIDE REDUCTION. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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High Voltage-Cylinder Sector Analyzer 300/15: a cylindrical sector analyzer for electron kinetic energies up to 15 keV. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:043304. [PMID: 20441333 DOI: 10.1063/1.3398441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an energy analyzer, High Voltage-Cylinder Sector Analyzer 300/15, for electron kinetic energies up to 15 keV. It is especially suited for hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, but also for ultraviolet and soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy), Auger electron spectroscopy, and reflection high energy electron spectroscopy. The analyzer is based on a cylinder sector with 90 degrees deflection, 300 mm slit-to-slit distance, and a four-element pre-retarding lens system with 50 mm sample-to-lens distance. The result is a very compact design of the analyzer that is easily integrated into a multipurpose experiment with different techniques. A low noise/low drift electronics is capable of continuous energy scans from 0 to 15 keV using nonlinear lens curves. The first analyzer is allocated at the Spanish CRG SpLine beamline at the ESRF at an end station where simultaneous surface x-ray diffraction is possible. The analyzer is operated routinely since 2006 up to 15 keV electron kinetic energy, expanding the achievable electron kinetic energy range compared to other commercial analyzers. In this work we present a detailed description of the developed electron analyzer. The analyzer capabilities, in terms of energy resolution and transmission, are shown by using an electron gun, an ultraviolet-discharge lamp, and hard x-ray synchrotron radiation as excitation sources.
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Phenylalanine tolerance in three phenylketonuric women pregnant with fetuses of different genetic PKU status. J Inherit Metab Dis 2009; 32 Suppl 1:S1-4. [PMID: 19194782 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy management in phenylketonuric women includes continuous dietary control starting before conception, aiming to maintain blood phenylalanine concentrations in a desirable range, irrespective of the fetal genetic PKU status. While the maternal phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) genotype will influence metabolic control, an effect of the fetal genetic PKU status on maternal metabolic control during pregnancy has not been described. We monitored three pregnancies of women with classical PKU by dietary protocols of daily phenylalanine intake, phenylalanine blood concentrations, and obstetric care. Patients 1 and 2 carried a heterozygous (not PKU-affected) fetus, while patient 3 was pregnant with a PKU-affected fetus (PAH p.R408W and p.R408W). The expected increase in phenylalanine tolerance during the course of pregnancy was observed in patients 1 and 2 in whom phenylalanine intake could be steadily increased from 400 to 1700 mg/day while phenylalanine blood concentrations remained in the desired range. Gain of body weight was 13.0 and 17.7 kg, respectively. In patient 3, the phenylalanine tolerance did not rise above 600 mg/day, and phenylalanine blood concentrations were above the desired range on several occasions. Caloric intake was therefore encouraged, which led to a weight gain of 20.0 kg. The course of pregnancy was otherwise normal in all three cases, and infants with normal birth weight and head circumference were born. The different phenylalanine tolerance in pregnancies with PKU-affected and non-affected fetuses suggests that PAH genotype and metabolic situation of the fetus influence maternal metabolic control. A phenylalanine tolerance remaining low in the third trimester of pregnancy may indicate fetal PKU.
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Abstract: P928 APOPROTEIN A5 PROTECTS FROM ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN APOE AND IN LDL RECEPTOR DEFICIENT MICE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract: 1504 SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CD36 MEDIATES HEPATIC UPTAKE OF HDL-ASSOCIATED CHOLESTERYL ESTERS IN MICE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Poster Session 1: New tools for ablation. Europace 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euq216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
e20508 Background: The Technology Exchange for Cancer Health Network is a collaborative, multi-state effort using Telemedicine and integrated electronic health records to provide rural cancer care management. Methods: The purpose of the study was to compare quality, safety, and cost outcomes for patients receiving rural Telehealth care versus “routine” urban care. Patients with a cancer diagnosis requiring treatment for at least 1 year were eligible for the study. Telehealth patients saw their oncologist in person at rural sites for initial care and via telemedicine for about half of subsequent visits, allowing clinicians in-person clinical assessments while still taking advantage of time savings associated with telemedicine. Results: 217 patients (134 rural, 83 urban) were enrolled from 05/25/05 to 09/30/08. Patient satisfaction was high; 95 % of patients indicated their telemedicine visit was as good as or better than an in-person visit. Telemedicine patients also reported significant time and travel cost savings. Cost analysis comparing cost savings (physician travel time) with telemedicine costs (equipment, high speed lines) indicated that cost-benefit is driven by distance to rural facility and number of physician trips avoided. Telemedicine must save at least 5 hours of physician travel time per month to break even. Telemedicine was also associated with improvements in access to care. Using patient self-reported health care visit data (verified with local providers), we identified a significant decline in disparities between urban and rural patients (see Table ). Conclusions: Telemedicine offers a promising method for increasing access to oncology care that is convenient for and well-accepted by patients at reasonable costs. Our results also suggest that telemedicine facilitates access to more than just oncology care. The regular follow-up care provided through telemedicine visits may identify unmet need that might otherwise go untreated, yielding improvements in patient outcomes. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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[53-year-old man with "lipemic" plasma and conspicuous skin eruptions]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009; 134:1053-4. [PMID: 19421927 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1222566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is reaching epidemic proportions in western societies. The treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia to prevent cardiovascular disease is of increasing clinical and scientific interest. In the pathogenesis of this disease plasma triglycerides play a central role. Triglyceride rich particles by themselves are not considered atherogenic; however, they are hydrolysed to chylomicron and VLDL remnant particles. Furthermore, mediated by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), atherogenic small dense LDL particles (sdLDL) emerge, and HDL cholesterol decreases. All these factors yield into a significantly increased atherogenesis and cardiovascular risk. Weight reduction and low fat diets have shown positive effects in general, but a specific therapy to treat diabetic dyslipidemia is still missing. Studies so far have failed to show a reliable benefit for fibrates and for nicotinic acid. Thus, statin therapy to decrease LDL cholesterol to target is the essential treatment for diabetic dyslipidemia to reduce cardiovascular risk. Other lipid lowering drugs can be added optionally.
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Prävalenz von Komponenten des metabolischen Syndroms bei höheren Angestellten mit und ohne Fettleber: Bedeutung der Plasmaglukose-Grenzen von ≥100mg/dl versus ≥110mg/dl. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1222057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Apoprotein A5 schützt ApoE-defiziente und LDL-Rezeptor-defiziente Mäuse vor Arteriosklerose. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1866-71. [PMID: 18635818 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.172866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify rare APOA5 variants in 130 severe hypertriglyceridemic patients by sequencing, and to test their functionality, since no patient recall was possible. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the impact in vitro on LPL activity and receptor binding of 3 novel heterozygous variants, apoAV-E255G, -G271C, and -H321L, together with the previously reported -G185C, -Q139X, -Q148X, and a novel construct -Delta139 to 147. Using VLDL as a TG-source, compared to wild type, apoAV-G255, -L321 and -C185 showed reduced LPL activation (-25% [P=0.005], -36% [P<0.0001], and -23% [P=0.02]), respectively). ApoAV-C271, -X139, -X148, and Delta139 to 147 had little affect on LPL activity, but apoAV-X139, -X148, and -C271 showed no binding to LDL-family receptors, LR8 or LRP1. Although the G271C proband carried no LPL and APOC2 mutations, the H321L carrier was heterozygous for LPL P207L. The E255G carrier was homozygous for LPL W86G, yet only experienced severe hypertriglyceridemia when pregnant. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro determined function of these apoAV variants only partly explains the high TG levels seen in carriers. Their occurrence in the homozygous state, coinheritance of LPL variants or common APOA5 TG-raising variant in trans, appears to be essential for their phenotypic expression.
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ApoA5: Ein wichtiger Regulator der Triglyzeride oder nur ein weiteres Apoprotein? DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1004769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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NON-INVASIVE IN VIVO IMAGING OF RECOMBINANT POSTPRANDIAL LIPOPROTEINS LABELLED WITH NANOCRYSTALS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Apoprotein A-V: an important regulator of triglyceride metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31:281-8. [PMID: 18415697 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) was discovered in 2001 both by comparative sequencing and as a liver regeneration protein. The gene is a located at the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster on chromosome 11q23, a locus well known for playing a major role in regulating plasma cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels. ApoA-V is produced in the liver and has very low plasma concentrations (0.1-0.4 mug/ml). Mice lacking apoA-V have 4-fold increased TG levels, whereas apoA-V overexpression leads to 40% plasma TG reduction. Based on metabolic studies in vivo, apoA-V enhances the catabolism of TG rich lipoproteins rather than affecting their intestinal or hepatic production. By activating proteoglycans-bound lipoprotein lipase (LPL), apoA-V can accelerate TG hydrolysis from VLDL and chylomicrons independent from other apoproteins. Several variants at the APOA5 gene locus have been detected in humans. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with significantly higher plasma TG levels in patients (e.g., -1131T > C, S19W, G185C). In addition, these SNPs may affect fibrate response and obesity. However, data for a possible association of APOA5 variants with coronary heart disease are not consistent. Severe structural mutations (Q139X, Q148X, IVS3 + 3G > C) predispose to familial hypertriglyceridaemia and late-onset chylomicronaemia. Thus, despite its low plasma concentration, apoA-V is a major regulator of plasma TG metabolism in humans. However, the precise mechanism of its function is not yet clear.
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Apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) hat atheroprotektive Eigenschaften und vermindert die Plasma-Triglyzeride unabhängig von den Apoproteinen apoC3 und apoE. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Technology exchange for cancer health network. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.19598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
19598 Background: The Technology Exchange for Cancer Health Network (TECH-Net) is a collaborative, multi-state effort to implement a systematic care program to improve cancer management in the rural communities of west Tennessee, north Mississippi and east Arkansas. This Health Information Technology (HIT) project uses a two-pronged approach to total clinical decision support: (1) provide access to oncology, hematology, and other specialists through the dedicated telehealth network of the University of Tennessee's Health Science Center in conjunction with the University of Tennessee Cancer Institute; and (2) rely on a distributed electronic health record (EHR) with integrated decision support systems for online management of cancer protocols, electronic orders, and medication management. Methods: Patients with a cancer diagnosis requiring treatment for at least one year are eligible to participate. The ultimate goal for this project is to enroll 250 patients (125 rural, 125 urban) and compare quality, safety, and cost outcomes for patients receiving rural Telehealth care versus “routine” urban care. Telehealth patients see their oncologist in person at the rural sites for initial care, and see their physician via telemedicine for approximately one-half of their subsequent visits. This approach allows the clinician to make in-person clinical assessments on a regular basis while still taking advantage of the time savings associated with telemedicine. Results: 163 patients have been enrolled in the study (127 rural, 36 urban) over 18 months. Patient satisfaction has been high - 95 % of patients indicated their telemedicine visit was as good as or better than an in-person office visit. Cost analysis comparing cost savings (physician travel time) with telemedicine costs (equipment, high speed lines) indicates that the cost-benefit depends critically on distance to the rural facility and number of physician trips avoided. Initial cost data indicate that telemedicine must save at least 5 hours of physician travel time per month to break even. Conclusions: Telemedicine offers a feasible method for increasing access to oncology care in rural areas that is well-accepted by both patients and clinicians. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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PO1-6 INSULIN STIMULATES THE HEPATIC LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR-RELATED PROTEIN 1 (LRP1) IN VIVO. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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PO2-52 AMINO ACIDS 140–148 OF APOAV PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN LPL ACTIVATION. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The effect of inhaled nitric oxide and inhaled iloprost on hypoxaemia in a patient with pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary thrombarterectomy. Anaesthesia 2007; 61:1200-3. [PMID: 17090242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute pulmonary hypertension with life-threatening right heart failure may complicate the postoperative course following cardiothoracic surgery. Both inhaled nitric oxide and inhaled iloprost, a stable analogue of prostacyclin, have been used frequently for this purpose in acute pulmonary hypertension of various origins. We present a case of a patient with acute pulmonary hypertension and severely impaired gas exchange following pulmonary thrombo-endarterectomy. Therapy with one inhaled vasodilator alone did not satisfactorily abort a postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis and low-output syndrome due to right heart failure. Combined inhaled nitric oxide and inhaled iloprost, however, showed additive effects. Hence, the combination of both drugs may be reasonable in cases where the standard therapy fails. The effect has been demonstrated by means of continuous blood gas monitoring.
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