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Pilkay S, Nolasco M, Nunes S, Riffer A, Femia D, Halevy D, Veerman T, Heiland S, Suwannimit N, Trexler N, Gump B. SLC6A4 gene variants moderate associations between childhood food insecurity and adolescent mental health. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3426. [PMID: 38361316 PMCID: PMC10869890 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity is a persistent concern in the United States and has been shown to affect child mental health and behavior. The SLC6A4 gene has been indicated as a moderator of the effects of chronic stress on anxiety in adolescents aged 14-21. However, it is unclear if SLC6A4 may also play a role in the effects of childhood food insecurity, a form of chronic stress, on adolescent mental health. This study aimed to identify effects of food insecurity on adolescents' mental health and delinquent behavior when both mom and child go hungry in the child's early years, and the potential interaction with SLC6A4 variants (SS/LL). METHODS The data and sample for this research are from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study. The cohort consists of 4898 children (age 1-15 years, male = 47%, African American = 50%) and their respective caregivers sampled from large cities in the United States from 1998 to 2000. RESULTS The SLC6A4 serotonin transporter short/short allele emerged statistically significant as a moderator of childhood food insecurity and adolescent mental health. Specifically, the presence of the short/short allele increased anxiety symptoms in adolescents with exposure to food insecurity in childhood. CONCLUSION The SLC6A4 short/short allele amplifies risk of anxiety-related mental illness when children experience food insecurity. The gene-environment interaction provides insight into the mechanistic pathway of the effects of poverty-related adversity, such as food insecurity, on developmental trajectories of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pilkay
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, School of Social WorkSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - M. Nolasco
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, School of Social WorkSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - S. Nunes
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, School of Social WorkSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - A. Riffer
- Jane Addams College of Social WorkUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - D. Femia
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, School of Social WorkSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - D. Halevy
- Wurzweiler School of Social WorkYeshiva UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - T. Veerman
- School of Natural Health, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Social WorkCentenary UniversityHackettstownNew JerseyUSA
| | - S. Heiland
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, School of Social WorkSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - N. Suwannimit
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, School of Social WorkSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - N. Trexler
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, School of Social WorkSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - B. Gump
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Department of Public HealthSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
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Homena W, Moreira D, Santos B, Nolasco M, Weksler A, Olival S, Vegni R, Pontes A, Alves L, Brito JO, Gomes RV. Neurologic complications in cardiac surgery: can risk scores be applied? Crit Care 2005. [PMCID: PMC4097460 DOI: 10.1186/cc3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Houghton RL, Dillon DC, Molesh DA, Zehentner BK, Xu J, Jiang J, Schmidt C, Frudakis A, Repasky E, Maltez Filho A, Nolasco M, Badaro R, Zhang X, Roche PC, Persing DH, Reed SG. Transcriptional complementarity in breast cancer: application to detection of circulating tumor cells. Mol Diagn 2001; 6:79-91. [PMID: 11468693 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used a combination of genetic subtraction, silicon DNA microarray analysis, and quantitative PCR to identify tissue- and tumor-specific genes as diagnostic targets for breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS From a large number of candidate antigens, several specific subsets of genes were identified that showed concordant and complementary expression profiles. Whereas transcriptional profiling of mammaglobin resulted in the detection of 70% of tumors in a panel of 46 primary and metastatic breast cancers, the inclusion of three additional markers resulted in detection of all 46 specimens. Immunomagnetic epithelial cell enrichment of circulating tumor cells from the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic breast cancer, coupled with RT-PCR-based amplification of breast tumor-specific transcripts, resulted in the detection of anchorage-independent tumor cells in the majority of patients with breast cancer with known metastatic disease. CONCLUSION Complementation of mammaglobin with three additional genes in RT-PCR increases the detection of breast cancers in tissue and circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Houghton
- Corixa Corporation, 1124 Columbia St., Ste 200, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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Xu J, Kalos M, Stolk JA, Zasloff EJ, Zhang X, Houghton RL, Filho AM, Nolasco M, Badaró R, Reed SG. Identification and characterization of prostein, a novel prostate-specific protein. Cancer Res 2001; 61:1563-8. [PMID: 11245466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the application of a systematic, genome-based approach to identify prostein, a novel prostate-specific protein expressed in normal and malignant prostate tissues. Characterization of the prostein gene shows that prostein cDNA encodes a 553-amino acid protein. The protein is predicted to be a type IIIa plasma membrane protein with a cleavable signal peptide and 11 transmembrane-spanning regions. The prostein gene is located on chromosome 1 at the WI-9641 locus between q32 and q42. Prostein mRNA is shown to be uniquely expressed in normal and cancerous prostate tissues using Northern blot, eDNA microarray, and real-time PCR analyses. Furthermore, prostein mRNA expression does not appear to be prostate tumor grade related and is restricted exclusively to prostate cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining using a mouse monoclonal antibody generated against prostein demonstrates that this protein is specifically detected in prostate tissues both at the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm. Prostein expression is androgen responsive because treatment of LNCaP cells with androgen up-regulates prostein message and protein expression levels. These results validate prostein as a prostate-specific marker with potential utility in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Androgens/deficiency
- Androgens/physiology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/isolation & purification
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/isolation & purification
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Prostate/chemistry
- Prostate/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/chemistry
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Corixa Corp., Seattle Washington 98104, USA.
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Hartikka J, Sawdey M, Cornefert-Jensen F, Margalith M, Barnhart K, Nolasco M, Vahlsing HL, Meek J, Marquet M, Hobart P, Norman J, Manthorpe M. An improved plasmid DNA expression vector for direct injection into skeletal muscle. Hum Gene Ther 1996; 7:1205-17. [PMID: 8793545 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1996.7.10-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous work, the direct injection of 50 micrograms of a plasmid DNA vector encoding firefly luciferase (VR1205) into murine quadriceps muscle produced an average of 6.5 ng of luciferase per muscle at 7 days postinjection. In this report, various elements of the VR1205 vector were modified to increase gene expression levels or to eliminate undesired viral sequences. Expression of the modified vectors was then compared to VR1205 using the intramuscular injection assay. In general, modifications to promoter, enhancer, and intronic sequences either decreased luciferase expression levels or had no effect. However, modifications to the polyadenylation and transcriptional termination sequences, plasmid backbone elements, and the luciferase gene itself each increased luciferase expression levels. The best-expressing vector, designated VR1255, contained a combination of these incrementally beneficial changes. A single intramuscular injection of 50 micrograms of VR1255 produced 300 ng of luciferase at 7 days postinjection, an expression level 46-fold higher than the VR1205 vector (or 22-fold higher, excluding modifications to the luciferase gene) and 154-fold higher than a commercially available luciferase expression vector. Thus, VR1255 represents an improved plasmid DNA vector that may be useful for gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hartikka
- Department of Cell Biology, Vical Incorporated, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Barkan A, Walker M, Nolasco M, Johnson D. A nuclear mutation in maize blocks the processing and translation of several chloroplast mRNAs and provides evidence for the differential translation of alternative mRNA forms. EMBO J 1994; 13:3170-81. [PMID: 8039510 PMCID: PMC395209 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A mutant designated crp1 (chloroplast RNA processing 1) was identified in a screen for transposon-induced maize mutants with defects in chloroplast gene expression. crp1 is a recessive, nuclear mutation that causes the loss of the cytochrome f/b6 complex and a reduction in photosystem I. The molecular basis for these protein losses is unique relative to previously described mutants with defects in organelle gene expression; it involves defects in the metabolism of two organellar mRNAs and in the translation of two organellar proteins. Mutants lack the monocistronic forms of the petB and petD mRNAs (encoding cytochrome f/b6 subunits), but contain normal levels of their polycistronic precursors. Pulse-labeling experiments revealed normal synthesis of the petB gene product, but a large decrease in synthesis of the petD gene product. These results suggest that petD sequences are more efficiently translated in a monocistronic than in a polycistronic context, thereby providing evidence that the elaborate RNA processing typical of chloroplast transcripts can play a role in controlling gene expression. Structural predictions suggest that the petD start codon lies in a stable hairpin in the polycistronic RNA, but remains unpaired in the monocistronic transcript. Thus, processing to a monocistronic form may increase translational efficiency by releasing the translation initiation region from inhibitory interactions with upstream RNA sequences. Synthesis of a third cytochrome f/b6 subunit, encoded by the petA gene, was undetectable in crp1, although its mRNA appeared unaltered. Two mechanisms are consistent with the simultaneous loss of both petA and petD protein synthesis: the translation of the petA and petD mRNAs might be coupled via a mechanism independent of crp1, or the crp1 gene may function to coordinate the expression of the two genes, which encode subunits of the same complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barkan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403
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Shandling AH, Crump R, Nolasco M, Lorenz LM, Li CK. The effect of chronic atrial overdrive suppression pacing on the incidence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Clin Cardiol 1992; 15:917-22. [PMID: 1473308 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960151212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic overdrive suppression pacing has been suggested as an effective adjunctive method for reducing the incidence of cardiac tachyarrhythmias. Documentation of effectiveness during prolonged monitoring is lacking, however. To assess more accurately the long-term utility of this treatment modality for medically refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVTs), 10 patients with atrially implanted Intermedics Intertach pacemakers were randomly assigned to either a low or a high bradycardia (back-up) pacing rate. SVT counts were performed during matching follow-up periods both at the initial rate and after rate crossover. The primary antitachycardia modality of this pacemaker (P mod) provides burst pacing to terminate tachycardia episodes, and P mod counters were utilized to quantitate SVT episodes. Tachycardia termination algorithms were programmed to "no restart" and were not changed during the study. The P mod use counter, therefore, reflected the number of discrete episodes of SVTs. Pacemaker implantation diagnoses include atrial flutter, concealed bypass tract, AV nodal reentry, intraatrial reentry, and Wolff-Parkinson-White associated tachycardia. Patient age was 59 +/- 18 yrs. The average pacemaker back-up low rate was 45.7 +/- 4 versus a back-up high rate of 85.1 +/- 2 beats/min. Follow-up was for 57.4 days +/- 33 days at the low rate and 57.3 days +/- 34 days at the high rate (r = 0.99). There was no difference in SVT incidence with a P mod usage of 98.4 +/- 106 at the low rate and 100.8 +/- 94 at the high rate (p = NS). In this blinded, randomized cross-over trial, chronic atrial overdrive suppression pacing did not reduce the overall incidence of SVT episodes during prolonged monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Shandling
- Memorial Heart Institute, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, CA 90801-1428
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Reliable atrial sensing of intrinsic P wave activity is important to ensure optimal atrial or dual chamber pacemaker function. Various physical factors (e.g., posture, respiration, exercise) may influence P wave characteristics and impair adequate sensing. To investigate this phenomenon, we measured the average of three P wave amplitudes (PWA) and calculated slew rates from telemetered printouts acquired from Pacesetter pacemakers in 32 patients. These measurements were performed in various body positions, with upright exercise and in varying stages of respiration. RESULTS the mean supine PWA increased on full inspiration (3.56 +/- 1.3 mV versus 3.25 +/- 1.2 mV during quiet respiration, P less than 0.001), and also increased significantly with full expiration. The mean PWA increased on assuming the erect position (3.25 +/- 1.2 mV increasing to 3.49 +/- 1.3 mV, P less than 0.001); in the upright position, the mean erect PWA during quiet respiration was not significantly influenced by the stage of respiration. The mean upright exercise PWA did not differ significantly from the preexercise erect PWA (3.50 +/- 1.2 with exercise, and 3.47 +/- 1.5 before exercise; P = NS). Calculated slew rates were not different lying versus standing. CONCLUSIONS the mean supine PWA increases significantly at the extremes of respiration and on assuming the erect body position; upright exercise results in no appreciable change in the erect PWA. Atrial sensitivity adjustments based on standard supine testing should be adequate for all body positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Shandling
- Memorial Heart Institute, Long Beach, California 90801-1428
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Li CK, Shandling AH, Nolasco M, Thomas LA, Messenger JC, Warren J. Atrial automatic tachycardia-reversion pacemakers: their economic viability and impact on quality-of-life. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1990; 13:639-45. [PMID: 1693203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1990.tb02081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias may be both difficult and costly to control medically and can interfere with the patient's lifestyle. Newer treatment modalities are available for their management, and these require comprehensive assessment. We therefore compared costs and selective indices of patient benefit in a group of 17 patients in whom an atrial antitachycardia (Intermedics Intertach 262-12) pacemaker was placed for refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Prior medical therapy was compared to subsequent automatic antitachycardia pacemaker treatment. The total medical costs (admissions, emergency room visits, office visits, and medication costs) and the number of hospitalizations and medications were compared prior to implantation (F/U 69.3 +/- 61 months) and after implantation (F/U 15.3 +/- 7.8 months). A detailed quality-of-life questionnaire was also obtained 36.6 +/- 11 months after implantation. RESULTS There were significant per patient differences in total cost before and after implantation: monthly costs were $505 +/- $833 before pacemaker implantation and $105 +/- $117 monthly afterward (P less than 0.005). Pacemaker implantation hospitalization costs were $19,063 +/- $8,362. Monthly medication costs averaged $46 before versus $15 after implantation (P less than 0.01). The number of medication types also differed with an average 5.5 medication types per patient before versus 1.2 after implantation (P less than 0.001). There were 8.6 yearly hospital admissions in the whole group before implantation, versus 4.7 admissions in the group per year thereafter. Patients demonstrated significant improvement in 80% of the quality-of-life parameters studied. CONCLUSION Adjunctive atrial automatic tachycardia-reversion pacemaker therapy may be cost-competitive over time when compared to medical therapy alone in patients with refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and appears to improve overall quality-of-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Li
- Department of Cardiology, Memorial Heart Institute, Long Beach, California 90801-1428
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