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Kearns A, Bhagat M, Rae D, McGonigle A, Caldow E, Marquis L, Dove C. Health gains from home energy efficiency measures: The missing evidence in the UK net-zero policy debate. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2023; 5:100396. [PMID: 37305854 PMCID: PMC10250118 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the health gains from a programme of external wall insulation works to homes in south-west Scotland, and in particular the impact upon hospitalisations for respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. Furthermore, to consider how evidence on health outcomes could form part of the debate around actions to meet net-zero goals in the UK. Study design This was a two-part study. Part one involved before-and-after interviews with 229 recipient households. The second part comprised an observational study of hospital admissions in 184 postcode areas. Methods Across three years, interviews collected thermal comfort and self-reported health data(Sf-36) in the winter months prior to installation, and again in follow-up interviews the next winter. Standarised monthly data on non-elective admissions for each set of conditions were compared between the intervention postcodes and the wider health board area over a ten year period. Results Following receipt of wall insulation, inability to achieve thermal comfort in winter reduced by two-thirds. Improvements in thermal comfort were associated with gains in physical health scores. Relative standardised admissions fell in the treatment areas, remaining lower than the district-wide standardised rate for the majority of a five year period, this effect ending during the Covid-19 pandemic. The impact on admissions was greater for respiratory conditions than for cardiovascular conditions. Conclusion A weak policy commitment to energy efficiency could be strengthened with further evidence of the cost-savings and reduced hospital bed demand resulting from insulations works. The potential health gain may also encourage more home owners to participate.
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Bhagat M, Mandlekar A, Verma R, Lathia T, Tanna S, Saraf A, Bandukwala S, Patange S, Thakkar PB, Singal A. Video Call-based Fitness Assessment shows Poor Fitness in People with Type II Diabetes: Findings from Diabefly Digital Therapeutics Program. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2022; 70:11-12. [PMID: 35833401 DOI: 10.5005/japi-11001-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise and physical activity are integral aspects for the effective management of diabetes. Unsupervised home exercise although very accessible is limited by poor adherence, risk of injury, and a higher dropout rate of participants. A fitness assessment by a qualified physiotherapist can help in understanding the baseline fitness of individuals and thus generating appropriate exercise prescriptions. The current study assesses the feasibility of video call-based fitness assessment for people with diabetes. The study also assesses the effect of current physical activity status and pain on performance in physical fitness tests. METHODS One hundred participants with type II diabetes (T2D) underwent 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 1-minute push-up test, wall sit test, 1-minute sit-up test, and V-sit and reach test for measuring different components of physical fitness such as aerobic capacity, upper body strength, lower body strength, core strength, and flexibility, respectively. The performance in physical fitness of participants was analyzed after the video consult along with pain complaints and current exercise status. RESULTS All the participants underwent the physical fitness test safely based on video call. Out of all the participants, a good range score was achieved by 52% in 6MWT, 17% in push-up test, 1% in wall sit test, 6% in sit-up test, and 9% in V-sit and reach test. Current physical activity status (aerobic exercise for minimum 20 minutes) did not show any association with performance in fitness tests (p = 0.89 for push-up test, p = 0.50 for wall sit test, p = 0.23 for sit-up test, and p = 0.10 for V-sit and reach test). Presence of upper body and lower body pain affected the performance in push-up test and wall sit test with 71.4% and 95.6% of participants achieving scores in poor to below-average range (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION The study showed the safety and feasibility of conducting video call-based assessment of physical fitness by physiotherapists. The study also highlighted the poor glycemic control, high cardiovascular risk, and poor level of physical fitness in people with diabetes in India. Insights based on physical fitness, current physical activity status, and pain can help in developing personalized exercise plans for people with diabetes.
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Raghava Neelapala YV, Bhagat M, Shah P. Hip Muscle Strengthening for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Literature. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2021; 43:89-98. [PMID: 30407271 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint results in chronic pain and functional decline among older adults. Hip muscle weakness has been observed in persons with knee OA and is claimed to increase the medial compartment loading on the knee joint. Although individual studies are available, no review has yet integrated the literature on the benefits of hip muscle strengthening for persons with knee OA. This review aims to systematically summarize the current evidence on the effectiveness of hip muscle strengthening on knee pain, lower extremity function, and biomechanical measures of the knee in persons with knee OA. METHODS An extensive electronic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) to identify the published trials in the English language from January 1990 to August 2017. Randomized controlled trials that studied the effectiveness of hip muscle strengthening in persons with knee OA on knee pain, physical function, and biomechanical measures of the knee were considered for inclusion. The key word combinations were knee osteoarthritis, degenerative arthritis, arthralgia, muscle strengthening, and resistance training using the Boolean operators AND, OR. Two reviewers independently performed the study selection, and a third reviewer intervened when the consensus was not attained. Quality assessment of the included studies was carried out using the PEDro scale. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The search produced 774 results, from which 81 full-text articles were studied. Five randomized controlled trials of good methodological quality, including 331 participants, were included in the review. The effectiveness of hip muscle strengthening was assessed in isolation, combination, and comparison with other lower extremity exercise. Overall, the studies reported clear benefits of hip muscle strengthening on knee pain, physical function, and hip muscle strength. However, hip muscle strengthening was ineffective in improving the biomechanical measures such as dynamic alignment and knee adduction (also known as valgus) moment. CONCLUSION The current review identified strong, high-quality evidence to recommend hip muscle strengthening in the conservative management of persons with knee OA. Further research is needed to establish the underlying mechanisms for the clinical benefits.
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Cumberbatch M, Memeo L, Bhagat M, Womack C, Kim W. 1990P Relationship of T-cells and macrophages in the tumour microenvironment across multiple tumour indications. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Radosevic-Robin N, Reeves J, Leroy K, Duruisseaux M, Morel P, Bhagat M, Penault-Llorca F, Damotte D, Goldwasser F, Brindel A, Cumberbatch M, Ong S, Lopez J, Warren S. Immunological signature meta-analysis across lung cancer cohorts within the NanoString Clinical Transcriptional Atlas Group (CTAG) associated with patient outcome and history. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz447.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cumberbatch M, Memeo L, Womack C, Kim W, Bhagat M. Comparative analysis of the immune microenvironment in histological subtypes of lung and breast cancer using a tissue microarray (TMA) comprising invasive margin (IM) and tumour centre (TC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz452.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bhagat M, Warren S, Elliott N, Womack C, Memeo L, Colarossi L, Cumberbatch M. Analysis of the immune microenvironment in pre-treatment non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with follow-up response data to second-line immunotherapy. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz452.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bhagat M, Neelapala YVR, Gangavelli R. Immediate effects of Mulligan's techniques on pain and functional mobility in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized control trial. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 25:e1812. [PMID: 31502354 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mulligan's mobilization with movement was shown to be effective when implemented in multimodal therapy for knee osteoarthritis. However, no study has evaluated the Mulligan's technique in isolation and compared the relative effectiveness with sham-controlled interventions. Hence, the present study examined the immediate effects of Mulligan's techniques with sham mobilization on the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and timed up and go (TUG) test in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS Thirty participants (mean age: 55.3 ± 8.3 years) with symptoms at the knee and radiographic diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis were randomized into sham (n = 15) and intervention (n = 15) groups. The intervention (I) group received Mulligan's mobilization glides that resulted in relative pain relief for three sets of 10 repetitions. For the sham (S) group, the therapist's hand was placed over the joint surfaces mimicking the pain-relieving glides, without providing the gliding force. The outcome measures NPRS and TUG were recorded by a blinded assessor pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were identified between the groups in post-intervention median (interquartile range) NPRS (I group: 4.00 [2.00-5.00]; S group: 6.00 [4.00-7.00]) and TUG scores (I group: 10.9 [9.43-10.45]; S group: 13.18 [10.38-16.00]) with the intervention group demonstrating better outcomes (p < .05). Within-group, the post-intervention scores of NPRS and TUG were significantly lower (p < .05) compared to the pre-intervention scores in the intervention group. In the sham group, a statistically significant pre-post change was noticed only in the NPRS scores but not in the TUG scores. CONCLUSION Mulligan's techniques were effective in improving pain and functional mobility in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. The underlying mechanisms for observed effects must be examined further, as participants reported pain relief following sham mobilization.
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Bhagat M, Chattopadhyay P. PO-281 SIRT1 inhibition exhibits decreased pluripotency in glioma cancer stem cells. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mudassir M, Kassab M, Ansari S, Bhagat M, Chattopadhyay P. PO-002 Single siRNA mediated post transcriptional and transcriptional gene silencing of HPV18 oncogenes. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bhagat M. SIRT1 inhibition exhibits decreased pluripotency in cancer stem cells of glioma. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx657.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bhagat M, Chattopadhyay P. Mena INV: A prospective bio-marker of cancer cells under hypoxia. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bhagat M. 38P Mena INV: A prospective bio-marker of glioma under hypoxia. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw574.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Qureshi SS, Bhagat M, Laskar S, Kembhavi S, Vora T, Ramadwar M, Chinnaswamy G, Prasad M, Khanna N, Shah S, Talole S. Local therapy in non-metastatic primary Ewing sarcoma of the mandible and maxilla in children. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45:938-44. [PMID: 27026058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) of the jaw bones comprises a small fraction of ES at all sites. Due to their rarity, a specific policy for local treatment is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the local therapy for ES and recommend measures to individualize treatment options. Patients with primary non-metastatic ES of the jaw bones treated between August 2005 and February 2015 were analyzed. All patients received primary induction chemotherapy, following which lesions amenable to resection based on specific radiological criteria were resected; those with unresectable lesions were offered definitive radiotherapy. The maxilla was the primary site in 13 patients and the mandible in eight. The median age of patients was 11.6 years (range 5-17 years). Overall, surgery was performed in 17 patients and definitive radiotherapy was used in four patients. Postoperative radiotherapy was administered to 12 patients and was avoided in five patients with 100% tumour necrosis. The 3-year overall survival, event-free survival, and local control were 68.1%, 63.6%, and 80.2%, respectively. Mandible primary and a histological response to chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors. The stratification of patients based on radiological criteria aids in selecting local therapy. In eligible patients, surgery with contemporary reconstruction results in optimal oncological and functional outcomes. Surgery also has the added advantage of identifying patients who may not need radiotherapy.
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Misra RN, Bhagat M, Ahmed N. Helicobacter pylori in Dyspepsia - Antibiotic Sensitivity and Virulence Patterns. Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 62:22-6. [PMID: 27407837 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(06)80147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2003] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is implicated in acute superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric carcinoma and MALT associated lymphoma. Though colonization can occur in normal individuals, treatment is given if the organism is associated with virulence factors like vacuolating toxin and cytopathic toxin as coded by vacA and cagA genes respectively. No causal relationship between non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and H pylori has been established. This study was carried out to delineate colonizers from pathogens so that appropriate treatment can be planned. METHOD 100 patients were recruited, 62 with NUD and 38 age and sex matched controls. 4 gastric biopsies and a serum samples were taken from each patient. The biopsies were examined for H pylori by culture, histopathology, rapid urease test, PCR and serum for IgG, IgM and IgA. RESULTS Culture showed 22.6% positivity and urease 19% among the test group. Histopathology showed 53.2% superficial gastritis and 30.6% chronic gastritis among the test group (P<0.001), PCR for H pylori was positive in 48.3% and vacA and cagA were 29% and 22.6% respectively (P=0.001) among the tests. IgG, IgM and IgA were 41.9%, 46.8% and 43.5% respectively. CONCLUSION The culture and rapid urease tests were highly specific with high positive predictive value but if negative, infection cannot be ruled out. Similarly IgA and IgM positivity has high positive predictive value for on-going infection where as IgG may be positive in old healed infections also. PCR assay in biopsy specimens is a valuable technique for detection of H pylori with high specificity and sensitivity. The presence of vacA and cagA genes can differentiate innocuous bystanders and potentially invasive organisms.
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Taori K, Rathod J, Deshmukh A, Sheorain VS, Jawale R, Sanyal R, Bhagat M, Jumle S. Primary extragonadal retroperitoneal teratoma in an adult. Br J Radiol 2006; 79:e120-2. [PMID: 16980665 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/33507627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary retroperitoneal teratoma is a rare entity in adults. It has a distinctive imaging appearance. We describe a case of a 22-year-old patient who was referred to our hospital with the complaint of abdominal distension. Radiological work-up disclosed a retroperitoneal teratoma. Laparotomy with tumour resection was performed. Pathological examination revealed a benign cystic teratoma. The patient is doing well at follow-up.
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Taori K, Sanyal R, Rathod J, Mahajan S, Jajoo G, Saxena V, Bhagat M. CT appearances of hydatid disease at various locations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 50:298-305. [PMID: 16884413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2006.01588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydatid disease has characteristic imaging features on CT, which allow accurate preoperative diagnosis in most cases. However, when it occurs at unusual locations the diagnosis is often difficult, especially as the imaging appearance varies at different sites. In this article we have presented a pictorial review of the CT features of disease due to Echinococcus granulosus at various sites in the human body.
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Yadav YR, Bhagat M, Rahman HH, Tandon JK, Kriplani TC, Shrivastava I, Singh BP. Adult diastematomyelia : a case report and review of literature. Neurol India 1998; 46:316-318. [PMID: 29508831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adult presentation in diastematomyelia is very rare. The common location is from first to third lumbar vertebrae. Lumbosacral adult diastematomyelia is even rarer. A 42 years male with lumbosacral diastematomyelia is described. Combined myelographic-CT scan study demonstrated lumbar canal stenosis and bony spur attached to vertebral bodies of the fifth lumbar and first sacral vertebra. Surgery with decompression of neural elements and removal of bony spur resulted in complete relief of symptoms. Detailed case representation and a review of 74 cases of adult diastematomyelia is reported.
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Abstract
This 13-year-old girl presented with a four-day history of increasing lower abdominal pain associated with heavy vaginal bleeding which was now resolving. Her last normal menstrual period was 19 days before this incident, with a history of regular periods. Repeated questioning revealed a history of the patient engaging, for the first time, in consensual sexual intercourse one day prior to the onset of complaints. The abdominal examination revealed mild lower abdominal tenderness without rigidity or guarding. The pelvic examination failed to reveal any active bleeding, laceration, or findings suggestive of pelvic inflammatory disease. Routine laboratory studies revealed an elevated white cell count. As the patient's pain worsened over the next two to three hours, surgical and obstetric-gynecologic consultations were made, and both services advised overnight observation. Over the next 12 hours her abdominal examination revealed increased rigidity, and the patient was taken to the operating room with the a preoperative diagnosis of ruptured appendix. On exploratory laparotomy a hemoperitoneum was found, and approximately 600 ml of blood were suctioned from the peritoneal cavity. A 2-cm posterior vaginal wall laceration was subsequently repaired and a normal appendix removed.
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Tripathi AK, Bhagat M. Nephrotic syndrome--a rare presenting feature in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 1995; 43:130. [PMID: 9282679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Female
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/etiology
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology
- Nephrotic Syndrome/pathology
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Bhagat M, Singh S. Developing human resources through discipline and morale. JOURNAL (ACADEMY OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION (INDIA)) 1994; 6:17-9. [PMID: 10537992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Bhagat M, Shillitoe RW. Attempted suicide. NURSING MIRROR 1978; 146:26-7. [PMID: 244944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
The 16 PF was administered to 30 female attempted suicides and their spouses, to 20 male attempted suicides and their spouses and to 50 control men and their spouses. Both the female and male attempted suicides show personality disturbance, but there are also sex differences. The female attempted suicides and their spouses appear to share similar personality characteristics, but the spouses of male attempted suicides appear quite dissimilar from their husbands. The effect of the personality of the spouses is briefly discussed in the context of marital relationships of attempted suicides.
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Dow MG, Ledwith F, Fraser WI, Bhagat M. The usefulness of the semantic differential with "mild grade' mental defectives. Br J Psychiatry 1975; 127:386-92. [PMID: 1182390 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.127.4.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the semantic differential has been quite widely used with mental defectives, its usefulness (in its traditional form) with such a population has not been conclusively demonstrated. The semantic differential was developed and shown to be valid as an index of representational mediation processes. However, there is also evidence of a mediational deficiency among retardates which, therefore, ought to be reflected in retardates' responses to the semantic differential. Thus, the present study was designed to test two hypotheses: (a) that mild grade retardates, in comparison with subjects of average intelligence, would show less discrimination in the use of the semantic differential, and (b) that such discriminative deficiencies would in turn predispose toward a polarized response bias among the retarded. The results, which support both hypotheses, are discussed in terms of their implications for the usefulness of an unmodified semantic differential with the mentally subnormal.
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Bhagat M. The concept of psychology in midwifery. MIDWIVES CHRONICLE 1975; 88:302-4. [PMID: 1042517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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