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Visualization and quantitative analysis of reconstituted tight junctions using localization microscopy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31128. [PMID: 22319608 PMCID: PMC3271094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight Junctions (TJ) regulate paracellular permeability of tissue barriers. Claudins (Cld) form the backbone of TJ-strands. Pore-forming claudins determine the permeability for ions, whereas that for solutes and macromolecules is assumed to be crucially restricted by the strand morphology (i.e., density, branching and continuity). To investigate determinants of the morphology of TJ-strands we established a novel approach using localization microscopy. TJ-strands were reconstituted by stable transfection of HEK293 cells with the barrier-forming Cld3 or Cld5. Strands were investigated at cell-cell contacts by Spectral Position Determination Microscopy (SPDM), a method of localization microscopy using standard fluorophores. Extended TJ-networks of Cld3-YFP and Cld5-YFP were observed. For each network, 200,000 to 1,100,000 individual molecules were detected with a mean localization accuracy of ∼20 nm, yielding a mean structural resolution of ∼50 nm. Compared to conventional fluorescence microscopy, this strongly improved the visualization of strand networks and enabled quantitative morphometric analysis. Two populations of elliptic meshes (mean diameter <100 nm and 300–600 nm, respectively) were revealed. For Cld5 the two populations were more separated than for Cld3. Discrimination of non-polymeric molecules and molecules within polymeric strands was achieved. For both subtypes of claudins the mean density of detected molecules was similar and estimated to be ∼24 times higher within the strands than outside the strands. The morphometry and single molecule information provided advances the mechanistic analysis of paracellular barriers. Applying this novel method to different TJ-proteins is expected to significantly improve the understanding of TJ on the molecular level.
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Zink- und Chromgehalte in Serum, Pankreas und Leber von Zn-Mangelratten nach Glucosestimulierung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1979.tb01220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effect of selenite, seleno cysteine and seleno methionine on the selenium metabolism of 75Se labeled rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Growth performance of beef cattle fed corn silage-based rations without Cu, Zn, Mn, Co and Se supplementation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Homeostatic adjustments of selenium metabolism and tissue selenium to widely varying selenium supply in 75Se labeled rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The effect of a moderately oxidized soybean oil on lipid peroxidation in rat low-density lipoproteins at low and high dietary vitamin E levels. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Isotope-dilution technique for determination of endogenous faecal excretion and true absorption of selenium in 75Se labeled rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Einfluß von Zinkmangel auf die Gehalte von Gonadotropinen, Prolactin und Testosteron im Serum von künstlich ernährten männlichen Ratten. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zur Anwendung der Isotopenverdünnungsmethode für die Bestimmung der Zn-Absorption bei unterschiedlichem Alter und Versorgungsstatus der Versuchstiere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1979.tb01195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Calcium bioavailability of different organic and inorganic dietary Ca sources (citrate, lactate, acetate, oyster-shell, eggshell, β-tri-Ca phosphate). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wachstum, Futterverwertung und Proteingehalt einzelner Organe bei unterschiedlicher Zink- und Nickelversorgung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1982.tb01237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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The effect of dietary riboflavin supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on riboflavin concentrations of milk, liver and carcass of lactating rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Isotope-dilution technique for determination of endogenous faecal excretion and true absorption of calcium in 45Ca labelled rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effect of dietary fats on susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins to lipid peroxidation in pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Konzentrationsverlauf an Wachstumshormon, IGF-1, Insulin und C-Peptid in Serum, Hypophyse und Leber von Zn-Mangelratten. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kupfer-, Zink-, Eisen- und Mangankonzentrationen im Serum, in Knochen und der Leber nach Kupferdepletion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1979.tb01622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Katalase-Aktivität des Blutes von Saugferkeln und Mastkälbern bei mangelnder Eisenversorgung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1973.tb02061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zur Retention von Mengenelementen (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K) und Spurenelementen (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) von Mastküken bei Zulagen von Coccidiostatica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1972.tb00299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Masseentwicklung und hämatologisehe Werte wachsender Ratten bei unterschiedlicher Fe- und Cu-Versorgung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1981.tb01221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zum Gehalt von Zink, Kupfer, Eisen, Mangan und Calcium in Knochen und Lebern von an Zink depletierten und repletierten Ratten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1977.tb01562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zur in vitro Aktivierung der alkalischen Phosphatase im Serum von unterschiedlichen mit Zink versorgten Ratten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1979.tb01369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zum Verlauf von Blutparametern des Eisen- und Kupferstoffwechsels bei Ferkeln während der Säugezeit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1980.tb01670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zinkmangel-Diagnose mittels der alkalischen Phosphataseaktivität im Serum vor und und nach einer Zn-Injektion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1980.tb02007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mastleistung, Nährstoffverdaulichkeit und Magenschleimhautveränderungen von Schweinen bei unterschiedlicher Futterstruktur. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1985.tb01986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zur Verteilung und Ausscheidung i. v. applizierten Zinks bei unterschiedlich Zn-versorgten Ratten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1976.tb01502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cu- und Fe-Gehalte sowie Aktivitäten von Coeruloplasmin und Katalase im Blut wachsender Ratten bei unterschiedlicher Fe- und Cu-Versorgung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1983.tb00675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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