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Künzel S, Newe M, Künzel K, Zimmermann N, El-Armouche A, Günther C. 359 Anti-osteopontin treatment with mesalazine improves fibroblast dysfunction in radiation- induced morphea. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Newe M, Kant TA, Hoffmann M, Rausch JSE, Winter L, Künzel K, Klapproth E, Günther C, Künzel SR. Systemic mesalazine treatment prevents spontaneous skin fibrosis in PLK2-deficient mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2233-2244. [PMID: 34410453 PMCID: PMC8514377 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis is a complex biological remodeling process occurring in disease like systemic sclerosis, morphea, or eosinophilic fasciitis. Since the knowledge about the underlying pathomechanisms is still incomplete, there is currently no therapy, which prevents or reverses skin fibrosis sufficiently. The present study investigates the role of polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2) and the pro-fibrotic cytokine osteopontin (OPN) in the pathogenesis of cutaneous fibrosis and demonstrates the antifibrotic effects of systemic mesalazine treatment in vivo. Isolated primary dermal fibroblasts of PLK2 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were characterized invitro. Skin thickness and histoarchitecture were studied in paraffin-embedded skin sections. The effects of mesalazine treatment were examined in isolated fibroblasts and PLK2 KO mice, which were fed 100 µg/g mesalazine for 6 months via the drinking water. Compared to WT, PLK2 KO fibroblasts displayed higher spontaneous myofibroblast differentiation, reduced proliferation rates, and overexpression of the fibrotic cytokine OPN. Invitro, 72 h of treatment with 10 mmol/L mesalazine induced phenotype conversion in PLK2 KO fibroblasts and attenuated OPN expression by inhibiting ERK1/2. In vivo, dermal myofibroblast differentiation, collagen accumulation, and skin thickening were prevented by mesalazine in PLK2 KO. Plasma creatinine levels indicated good tolerability of systemic long-term mesalazine treatment. The current study reveals a spontaneous fibrotic skin phenotype and ERK1/2-dependent OPN overexpression in PLK2 KO mice. We provide experimental evidence for the antifibrotic effectiveness of systemic mesalazine treatment to prevent fibrosis of the skin, suggesting further investigation in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Newe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa A Kant
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna S E Rausch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luise Winter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karolina Künzel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik Klapproth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan R Künzel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Kant TA, Newe M, Winter L, Hoffmann M, Kämmerer S, Klapproth E, Künzel K, Kühnel MP, Neubert L, El-Armouche A, Künzel SR. Genetic Deletion of Polo-Like Kinase 2 Induces a Pro-Fibrotic Pulmonary Phenotype. Cells 2021; 10:617. [PMID: 33799608 PMCID: PMC8001503 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is the chronic-progressive replacement of healthy lung tissue by extracellular matrix, leading to the destruction of the alveolar architecture and ultimately death. Due to limited pathophysiological knowledge, causal therapies are still missing and consequently the prognosis is poor. Thus, there is an urgent clinical need for models to derive effective therapies. Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2) is an emerging regulator of fibroblast function and fibrosis. We found a significant downregulation of PLK2 in four different entities of human pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, we characterized the pulmonary phenotype of PLK2 knockout (KO) mice. Isolated pulmonary PLK2 KO fibroblasts displayed a pronounced myofibroblast phenotype reflected by increased expression of αSMA, reduced proliferation rates and enhanced ERK1/2 and SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. In PLK2 KO, the expression of the fibrotic cytokines osteopontin and IL18 was elevated compared to controls. Histological analysis of PLK2 KO lungs revealed early stage remodeling in terms of alveolar wall thickening, increased alveolar collagen deposition and myofibroblast foci. Our results prompt further investigation of PLK2 function in pulmonary fibrosis and suggest that the PLK2 KO model displays a genetic predisposition towards pulmonary fibrosis, which could be leveraged in future research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A. Kant
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Manja Newe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Luise Winter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Maximilian Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Susanne Kämmerer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Erik Klapproth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Karolina Künzel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Mark P. Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.P.K.); (L.N.)
| | - Lavinia Neubert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.P.K.); (L.N.)
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Stephan R. Künzel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
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Hoffmann M, Kant TA, Emig R, Rausch JSE, Newe M, Schubert M, Künzel K, Winter L, Klapproth E, Peyronnet R, Ravens U, El-Armouche A, Künzel SR. Repurposing mesalazine against cardiac fibrosis in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:533-543. [PMID: 33064167 PMCID: PMC7892689 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are exacerbated and driven by cardiac fibrosis. TGFβ induces fibroblast activation and differentiation into myofibroblasts that secrete excessive extracellular matrix proteins leading to stiffening of the heart, concomitant cardiac dysfunction, and arrhythmias. However, effective pharmacotherapy for preventing or reversing cardiac fibrosis is presently unavailable. Therefore, drug repurposing could be a cost- and time-saving approach to discover antifibrotic interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifibrotic potential of mesalazine in a cardiac fibroblast stress model. TGFβ was used to induce a profibrotic phenotype in a human cardiac fibroblast cell line. After induction, cells were treated with mesalazine or solvent control. Fibroblast proliferation, key fibrosis protein expression, extracellular collagen deposition, and mechanical properties were subsequently determined. In response to TGFβ treatment, fibroblasts underwent a profound phenoconversion towards myofibroblasts, determined by the expression of fibrillary αSMA. Mesalazine reduced differentiation nearly by half and diminished fibroblast proliferation by a third. Additionally, TGFβ led to increased cell stiffness and adhesion, which were reversed by mesalazine treatment. Collagen 1 expression and deposition—key drivers of fibrosis—were significantly increased upon TGFβ stimulation and reduced to control levels by mesalazine. SMAD2/3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, along with reduced nuclear NFκB translocation, were identified as potential modes of action. The current study provides experimental pre-clinical evidence for antifibrotic effects of mesalazine in an in vitro model of cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, it sheds light on possible mechanisms of action and suggests further investigation in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa A Kant
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ramona Emig
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna S E Rausch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Newe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Schubert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karolina Künzel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luise Winter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik Klapproth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rémi Peyronnet
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan R Künzel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany.
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Künzel SR, Schaeffer C, Sekeres K, Mehnert CS, Schacht Wall SM, Newe M, Kämmerer S, El-Armouche A. Ultrasonic-augmented Primary Adult Fibroblast Isolation. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31403625 DOI: 10.3791/59858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary adult fibroblasts have become an important tool to study fibrosis, fibroblast interactions and inflammation in all body tissues. Since primary fibroblasts cannot divide indefinitely due to myofibroblast differentiation or senescence induction, new cultures must be established regularly. However, there are several obstacles to overcome during the processes of developing a reliable isolation protocol and primary fibroblast isolation itself: the method's degree of difficulty (especially for beginners), the risk of bacterial contamination, the required time until primary fibroblasts can be used for experiments, and subsequent cell quality and viability. In this study, a fast, reliable and easy-to-learn protocol to isolate and culture primary adult fibroblasts from mouse heart, lung, liver and kidney combining enzymatic digestion and ultrasonic agitation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan R Künzel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden;
| | - Charlotte Schaeffer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Karolina Sekeres
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Carola S Mehnert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Stephanie M Schacht Wall
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Manja Newe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Susanne Kämmerer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden;
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Propping S, Newe M, Lorenz K, Wirth MP, Ravens U. β-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Relaxation of Carbachol-Pre-Contracted Mouse Detrusor. Urol Int 2015; 95:92-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000369075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To study the β-adrenoceptor subtypes involved in the relaxation responses to (-)-isoprenaline in carbachol-pre-contracted (CCh) mouse detrusor muscle with intact and denuded mucosa. Methods: Isolated muscle strips from the urinary bladder of male C57BL6 mice or β2-adrenoceptor knockout mice were pre-contracted with CCh, 1 µM and relaxed with increasing concentrations of the β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) agonist (-)-isoprenaline and forskolin. For estimating the β-AR subtypes involved, subtype-selective receptor blockers were used, that is, CGP 20712A (β1-ARs), ICI 118,551 (β2-ARs), and L748,337 (β3-ARs). Results: Unlike in KCl-pre-contracted muscle, the mucosa did not affect the sensitivity of the relaxation response to (-)-isoprenaline in CCh-pre-contracted murine detrusor strips. Increasing concentrations of (-)-isoprenaline produced a biphasic concentration-relaxation response without any difference both during the presence and absence of mucosa. The relaxation fraction produced by low (-)-isoprenaline concentrations was mediated by β2-AR as evidenced by a shift of the concentration-response curve to higher concentrations with ICI 118,551, but not with CGP 20712A and L748,337, and by the absence of this fraction in β2-AR-KO mice. The relaxation response with low sensitivity to (-)-isoprenaline was not affected by any of the β-AR subtype-selective blockers and was the only response detected in detrusor strips from β2-AR-KO mice. Conclusions: In CCh-pre-contracted mouse detrusor, β2-ARs are responsible for the relaxation component with high sensitivity to (-)-isoprenaline as indicated by the conversion of a biphasic into a monophasic CRC with ICI 118,551 or by its absence in β2-AR KO mice. The mucosa does not impair relaxation under these conditions.
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Propping S, Newe M, Kaumann AJ, Wirth MP, Ravens U. Mucosa of murine detrusor impairs β2 -adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation. Neurourol Urodyn 2014; 34:592-7. [PMID: 24820256 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of the mucosa in (-)-isoprenaline-induced relaxation of mouse detrusor muscle and to characterize the β-adrenoceptor subtypes involved. METHODS Isolated intact and mucosa-denuded muscle strips from the urinary bladder of male C57BL6 mice were pre-contracted with KCl (40 mM) and were relaxed with increasing concentrations of the β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) agonist (-)-isoprenaline and forskolin in the presence and absence of the subtype-selective β-AR blockers CGP20712A (β1 -ARs), ICI118,551 (β2 -ARs), and L748,337 (β3 -ARs). RESULTS Force development in response to KCl was larger in mucosa-denuded than in intact preparations and was almost completely relaxed with increasing concentrations of (-)-isoprenaline. Mucosa-denuded muscles were about 10-fold more sensitive to (-)-isoprenaline than intact muscles. CGP20712A did not affect the concentration-response curves (CRCs) to (-)-isoprenaline, ICI118,551 shifted the CRC further to the right in denuded than in intact strips so that the difference between them was abolished. Combined exposure to β1 -AR and β2 -AR blocker yielded the same result. L748,337 did not significantly affect the CRC to (-)-isoprenaline but caused additional blockade to ICI118,551 in the presence of intact mucosa. CONCLUSIONS The mucosa of mouse detrusor strips impairs KCl-induced force development and reduces the sensitivity to β-AR-induced relaxation. The relaxing response to (-)-isoprenaline as well as the mucosa effect thereupon are mainly mediated by β2 -ARs. A minor involvement of β3 -ARs becomes apparent particularly at high (-)-isoprenaline concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Propping
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Urology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Newe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Manfred P Wirth
- Department of Urology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Newe M, Meier H, Johnen A, Volk T. proPlant expert.com - an online consultation system on crop protection in cereals, rape, potatoes and sugarbeet*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2338.2003.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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