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Berzaghi R, Agócs A, Curto MA, Gulyás-Fekete G, Kocsis B, Ribas JC, Lóránd T. Novel Cell Wall Antifungals Reveal a Special Synergistic Activity in pbr1 Mutants Resistant to the Glucan Synthesis Antifungals Papulacandins and Echinocandins. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1692. [PMID: 31428061 PMCID: PMC6689975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-(arylmethylene)-3-isochromanones have been prepared with base-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation starting from 3-isochromanone and aromatic aldehydes. The outcome of the reaction- the isomeric composition of the products depends on the aromatic aldehyde applied. These reactions afforded mostly the more stable E-diastereoisomer, but some condensations resulted in the Z-diastereoisomer or mixture of the stereoisomers (1-16). The products showed antifungal effect against some pathogenic fungi. We wanted to extend this study and to synthesize a new generation of 4-(arylmethylene)-3-isochromanones. These condensations led mostly to E-diastereoisomers (17-30). The structure verifications were performed by FT IR, 1H and13C NMR methods. Both the 1-16 and the novel 17-30 compounds have been screened against the three yeast models, fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (wild-type, and pbr1-6 and pbr1-8 mutants resistant to specific cell wall synthesis inhibitors), budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (wild-type and pbr1-1) and pathogenic yeast Candida albicans (wild-type, ATCC 26555, 90028 and SC5314). Osmotic protection with sorbitol attenuated the in vivo inhibition in living cells suggesting a cell wall-specific antifungal effect. Moreover, the S. pombe wild-type and mutant strains were tested for their resistant or sensitive in vitro β(1,3)-glucan synthase (GS) activity. We found both in vivo in living cells and in vitro in the enzymatic GS assay a synergistic effect of higher sensitivity of the pbr1 mutants resistant to the specific GS inhibitors papulacandins and echinocandins. These results may provide new insights into new strategies of combined antifungal therapy of GS inhibitors directed against spontaneous mutants resistant to echinocandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Berzaghi
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Attila Agócs
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - María A. Curto
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gergely Gulyás-Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Juan C. Ribas
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Tamás Lóránd
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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Ramírez JC, Parrado R, Sulleiro E, de la Barra A, Rodríguez M, Villarroel S, Irazu L, Alonso-Vega C, Alves F, Curto MA, García L, Ortiz L, Torrico F, Gascón J, Flevaud L, Molina I, Ribeiro I, Schijman AG. First external quality assurance program for bloodstream Real-Time PCR monitoring of treatment response in clinical trials of Chagas disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188550. [PMID: 29176887 PMCID: PMC5703561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-Time PCR (qPCR) testing is recommended as both a diagnostic and outcome measurement of etiological treatment in clinical practice and clinical trials of Chagas disease (CD), but no external quality assurance (EQA) program provides performance assessment of the assays in use. We implemented an EQA system to evaluate the performance of molecular biology laboratories involved in qPCR based follow-up in clinical trials of CD. An EQA program was devised for three clinical trials of CD: the E1224 (NCT01489228), a pro-drug of ravuconazole; the Sampling Study (NCT01678599), that used benznidazole, both conducted in Bolivia; and the CHAGASAZOL (NCT01162967), that tested posaconazole, conducted in Spain. Four proficiency testing panels containing negative controls and seronegative blood samples spiked with 1, 10 and 100 parasite equivalents (par. eq.)/mL of four Trypanosoma cruzi stocks, were sent from the Core Lab in Argentina to the participating laboratories located in Bolivia and Spain. Panels were analyzed simultaneously, blinded to sample allocation, at 4-month intervals. In addition, 302 random blood samples from both trials carried out in Bolivia were sent to Core Lab for retesting analysis. The analysis of proficiency testing panels gave 100% of accordance (within laboratory agreement) and concordance (between laboratory agreement) for all T. cruzi stocks at 100 par. eq./mL; whereas their values ranged from 71 to 100% and from 62 to 100% at 1 and 10 par. eq./mL, respectively, depending on the T. cruzi stock. The results obtained after twelve months of preparation confirmed the stability of blood samples in guanidine-EDTA buffer. No significant differences were found between qPCR results from Bolivian laboratory and Core Lab for retested clinical samples. This EQA program for qPCR analysis of CD patient samples may significantly contribute to ensuring the quality of laboratory data generated in clinical trials and molecular diagnostics laboratories of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rudy Parrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Elena Sulleiro
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabelle de la Barra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Marcelo Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI)-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandro Villarroel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Lucía Irazu
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI)-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fabiana Alves
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - María A. Curto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lineth García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Lourdes Ortiz
- Universidad Autónoma Juan Misael Saracho, Tarija, Bolivia
| | | | - Joaquim Gascón
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurence Flevaud
- Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Center Barcelona-Athens (OCBA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Molina
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabela Ribeiro
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro G. Schijman
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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