1
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Montero-Calle P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Kuebler B, Arán B, Larequi E, Anaut I, Coppiello G, Aranguren XL, Veiga A, Elorz MTB, de Yébenes MG, Gavira JJ, Prósper F, Iglesias-García O, Vega MMM. Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (ESi107-A) from a transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) patient carrying a p.Ser43Asn mutation in the TTR gene. Stem Cell Res 2023; 71:103189. [PMID: 37660554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a life-threatening disease caused by the abnormal production of misfolded TTR protein by liver cells, which is then released systemically. Its amyloid deposition in the heart is linked to cardiac toxicity and progression toward heart failure. A human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line was generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a patient suffering familial transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy carrying a c.128G>A (p.Ser43Asn) mutation in the TTR gene. This iPSC line offers a useful resource to study the disease pathophysiology and a cell-based model for therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernd Kuebler
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Regenerative Medicine Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Arán
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Regenerative Medicine Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Larequi
- Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ilazki Anaut
- Regenerative Medicine Program, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Giulia Coppiello
- Regenerative Medicine Program, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier L Aranguren
- Regenerative Medicine Program, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Veiga
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Regenerative Medicine Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan J Gavira
- Department of Cardiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Manuel M Mazo Vega
- Regenerative Medicine Program, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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2
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Montero-Calle P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Mountris K, S de la Nava A, Laita N, Rosales RM, Iglesias-García O, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Atienza F, Fernández-Santos ME, Peña E, Doblaré M, Gavira JJ, Fernández-Avilés F, Prosper F, Pueyo E, Mazo Vega MM. Fabrication of human myocardium using multidimensional modelling of engineered tissues. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 36007502 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac8cb3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofabrication of human tissues has seen a meteoric growth triggered by recent technical advancements such as human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and additive manufacturing. However, generation of cardiac tissue is still hampered by lack of addequate mechanical properties and crucially by the often unpredictable post-fabrication evolution of biological components. In this study we employ melt electrowriting (MEW) and hiPSC-derived cardiac cells to generate fibre-reinforced human cardiac minitissues. These are thoroughly characterized in order to build computational models and simulations able to predict their post-fabrication evolution. Our results show that MEW-based human minitissues display advanced maturation 28 post-generation, with a significant increase in the expression of cardiac genes such as MYL2, GJA5, SCN5A and the MYH7/MYH6 and MYL2/MYL7 ratios. Human iPSC-cardiomyocytes are significantly more aligned within the MEW-based 3D tissues, as compared to conventional 2D controls, and also display greater expression of CX43. These are also correlated with a more mature functionality in the form of faster conduction velocity. We used these data to develop simulations capable of accurately reproducing the experimental performance. In-depth gauging of the structural disposition (cellular alignment) and intercellular connectivity (CX43) allowed us to develop an improved computational model able to predict the relationship between cardiac cell alignment and functional performance. This study lays down the path for advancing in the development of in silico tools to predict cardiac biofabricated tissue evolution after generation, and maps the route towards more accurate and biomimetic tissue manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konstantinos Mountris
- Aragón Institute for Engineering Research, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50018 , SPAIN
| | - Ana S de la Nava
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 46, Dr. Esquerdo, Madrid, Madrid, 28007, SPAIN
| | - Nicolás Laita
- Aragón Institute for Engineering Research, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50018, SPAIN
| | - Ricardo M Rosales
- Aragón Institute for Engineering Research, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50018, SPAIN
| | | | - Elena M De-Juan-Pardo
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Australia Faculty of Engineering Computing and Mathematics, M050, B.Block, 1.36, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, AUSTRALIA
| | - Felipe Atienza
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 46, Dr. Esquerdo st, Madrid, Madrid, 28007, SPAIN
| | | | - Estefanía Peña
- Aragón Institute for Engineering Research, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50018, SPAIN
| | - Manuel Doblaré
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50018, SPAIN
| | - Juan J Gavira
- Department of Cardiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pio XII av, Pamplona, 31008, SPAIN
| | | | - Felipe Prosper
- Hematology, Universidad de Navarra, Pio XII, 36, Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, SPAIN
| | - Esther Pueyo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón, Calle Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, SPAIN
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3
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Montero P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Musquiz S, Pérez Araluce M, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Orive G, Gavira JJ, Prosper F, Mazo MM. Cells, Materials, and Fabrication Processes for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:955. [PMID: 32850768 PMCID: PMC7431658 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) responsible for approximately 1 in 6 deaths. The lack of endogenous regenerative capacity, added to the deleterious remodelling programme set into motion by myocardial necrosis, turns MI into a progressively debilitating disease, which current pharmacological therapy cannot halt. The advent of Regenerative Therapies over 2 decades ago kick-started a whole new scientific field whose aim was to prevent or even reverse the pathological processes of MI. As a highly dynamic organ, the heart displays a tight association between 3D structure and function, with the non-cellular components, mainly the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), playing both fundamental active and passive roles. Tissue engineering aims to reproduce this tissue architecture and function in order to fabricate replicas able to mimic or even substitute damaged organs. Recent advances in cell reprogramming and refinement of methods for additive manufacturing have played a critical role in the development of clinically relevant engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review focuses on the generation of human cardiac tissues for therapy, paying special attention to human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. We provide a perspective on progress in regenerative medicine from the early stages of cell therapy to the present day, as well as an overview of cellular processes, materials and fabrication strategies currently under investigation. Finally, we summarise current clinical applications and reflect on the most urgent needs and gaps to be filled for efficient translation to the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Montero
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Musquiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Pérez Araluce
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU – Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan José Gavira
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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4
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Stuckensen K, Lamo-Espinosa JM, Muiños-López E, Ripalda-Cemboráin P, López-Martínez T, Iglesias E, Abizanda G, Andreu I, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Pons-Villanueva J, Elizalde R, Nickel J, Ewald A, Gbureck U, Prósper F, Groll J, Granero-Moltó F. Anisotropic Cryostructured Collagen Scaffolds for Efficient Delivery of RhBMP-2 and Enhanced Bone Regeneration. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12193105. [PMID: 31554158 PMCID: PMC6804013 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of bone non-unions, an alternative to bone autografts is the use of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), e.g., BMP–2, BMP–7, with powerful osteoinductive and osteogenic properties. In clinical settings, these osteogenic factors are applied using absorbable collagen sponges for local controlled delivery. Major side effects of this strategy are derived from the supraphysiological doses of BMPs needed, which may induce ectopic bone formation, chronic inflammation, and excessive bone resorption. In order to increase the efficiency of the delivered BMPs, we designed cryostructured collagen scaffolds functionalized with hydroxyapatite, mimicking the structure of cortical bone (aligned porosity, anisotropic) or trabecular bone (random distributed porosity, isotropic). We hypothesize that an anisotropic structure would enhance the osteoconductive properties of the scaffolds by increasing the regenerative performance of the provided rhBMP–2. In vitro, both scaffolds presented similar mechanical properties, rhBMP–2 retention and delivery capacity, as well as scaffold degradation time. In vivo, anisotropic scaffolds demonstrated better bone regeneration capabilities in a rat femoral critical-size defect model by increasing the defect bridging. In conclusion, anisotropic cryostructured collagen scaffolds improve bone regeneration by increasing the efficiency of rhBMP–2 mediated bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Stuckensen
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - José M Lamo-Espinosa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Emma Muiños-López
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Purificación Ripalda-Cemboráin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Elena Iglesias
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Abizanda
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ion Andreu
- Department of Materials CEIT-TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Juan Pons-Villanueva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Reyes Elizalde
- Department of Materials CEIT-TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ewald
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Haematology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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5
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González-Gil AB, Lamo-Espinosa JM, Muiños-López E, Ripalda-Cemboráin P, Abizanda G, Valdés-Fernández J, López-Martínez T, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Andreu I, Elizalde MR, Stuckensen K, Groll J, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Prósper F, Granero-Moltó F. Periosteum-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells in engineered implants promote fracture healing in a critical-size defect rat model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:742-752. [PMID: 30785671 DOI: 10.1002/term.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An attractive alternative to bone autografts is the use of autologous mesenchymal progenitor cells (MSCs) in combination with biomaterials. We compared the therapeutic potential of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells in combination with biomaterials in a bone nonunion model. A critical-size defect was created in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were divided into six groups, depending on the treatment to be applied: bone defect was left empty (CTL); treated with live bone allograft (LBA); hrBMP-2 in collagen scaffold (CSBMP2 ); acellular polycaprolactone scaffold (PCL group); PCL scaffold containing periosteum-derived MSCs (PCLPMSCs ) and PCL containing bone marrow-derived MSCs (PCLBMSCs ). To facilitate cell tracking, both MSCs and bone graft were isolated from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats. CTL group did not show any signs of healing during the radiological follow-up (n = 6). In the LBA group, all the animals showed bone bridging (n = 6) whereas in the CSBMP2 group, four out of six animals demonstrated healing. In PCL and PCLPMSCs groups, a reduced number of animals showed radiological healing, whereas no healing was detected in the PCLBMSCs group. Using microcomputed tomography, the bone volume filling the defect was quantified, showing significant new bone formation in the LBA, CSBMP2 , and PCLPMSCs groups when compared with the CTL group. At 10 weeks, GFP positive cells were detected only in the LBA group and restricted to the outer cortical bone in close contact with the periosteum. Tracking of cellular implants demonstrated significant survival of the PMSCs when compared with BMSCs. In conclusion, PMSCs improve bone regeneration being suitable for mimetic autograft design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B González-Gil
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José M Lamo-Espinosa
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Emma Muiños-López
- Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Abizanda
- Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Valdés-Fernández
- Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tania López-Martínez
- Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ion Andreu
- TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - María Reyes Elizalde
- TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain.,CEIT, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kai Stuckensen
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elena M De-Juan-Pardo
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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6
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Castilho M, Feyen D, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Hochleitner G, Groll J, Doevendans PAF, Vermonden T, Ito K, Sluijter JPG, Malda J. Melt Electrospinning Writing of Poly-Hydroxymethylglycolide-co-ε-Caprolactone-Based Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700311. [PMID: 28699224 PMCID: PMC7116102 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current limitations in cardiac tissue engineering revolve around the inability to fully recapitulate the structural organization and mechanical environment of native cardiac tissue. This study aims at developing organized ultrafine fiber scaffolds with improved biocompatibility and architecture in comparison to the traditional fiber scaffolds obtained by solution electrospinning. This is achieved by combining the additive manufacturing of a hydroxyl-functionalized polyester, (poly(hydroxymethylglycolide-co-ε-caprolactone) (pHMGCL), with melt electrospinning writing (MEW). The use of pHMGCL with MEW vastly improves the cellular response to the mechanical anisotropy. Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are able to align more efficiently along the preferential direction of the melt electrospun pHMGCL fiber scaffolds in comparison to electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)-based scaffolds. Overall, this study describes for the first time that highly ordered microfiber (4.0-7.0 µm) scaffolds based on pHMGCL can be reproducibly generated with MEW and that these scaffolds can support and guide the growth of CPCs and thereby potentially enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Dries Feyen
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Gernot Hochleitner
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Pieter A. F. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P. O. Box 80082, Utrecht, TB 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, The Netherlands
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