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Stein T, Ran G, Bohmer M, Sharbati S, Einspanier R. Expression profiling of key pathways in rat liver after a one-year feeding trial with transgenic maize MON810. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18915. [PMID: 31831783 PMCID: PMC6908735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent one-year feeding study, we observed no adverse effects on tissue level in organs of rats fed with the genetically-modified maize MON810. Here, we assessed RNA expression levels of 86 key genes of the apoptosis-, NF-кB-, DNA-damage response (DDR)-, and unfolded-protein response (UPR) pathways by RT-qPCR in the rat liver. Male and female rats were fed either with 33% MON810 (GMO), isogenic- (ISO), or conventional maize (CONV) and RNAs were quantified from eight rats from each of the six feeding groups. Only Birc2 transcript showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) consistent difference of ≥1.5-fold between the GMO and ISO groups in both sexes. Unsupervised cluster analysis showed a strong separation of male and female rats, but no clustering of the feeding groups. Individual analysis of the pathways did not show any clustering of the male or female feeding groups either, though transcript levels of UPR pathway-associated genes caused some clustering of the male GMO and CONV feeding group samples. These differences were not seen between the GMO and ISO control or within the female cohort. Our data therefore does not support an adverse effect on rat liver RNA expression through the long-term feeding of MON810 compared to isogenic control maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Stein
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guangyao Ran
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Liquor Making Engineering, Moutai Institute, Luban Avenue, 564507, Renhuai, China
| | - Marc Bohmer
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- SGS Institute Fresenius GmbH, Life Sciences Services, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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Sharbati J, Bohmer M, Bohmer N, Keller A, Backes C, Franke A, Steinberg P, Zeljenková D, Einspanier R. Transcriptomic Analysis of Intestinal Tissues from Two 90-Day Feeding Studies in Rats Using Genetically Modified MON810 Maize Varieties. Front Genet 2017; 8:222. [PMID: 29312443 PMCID: PMC5742243 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Global as well as specific expression profiles of selected rat tissues were characterized to assess the safety of genetically modified (GM) maize MON810 containing the insecticidal protein Cry1Ab. Gene expression was evaluated by use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) as well as RT-qPCR within rat intestinal tissues based on mandatory 90-day rodent feeding studies. In parallel to two 90-day feeding studies, the transcriptional response of rat tissues was assessed as another endpoint to enhance the mechanistic interpretation of GM feeding studies and/or to facilitate the generation of a targeted hypothesis. Rats received diets containing 33% GM maize (MON810) or near-isogenic control maize. As a site of massive exposure to ingested feed the transcriptomic response of ileal and colonic tissue was profiled via RT-qPCR arrays targeting apoptosis, DNA-damage/repair, unfolded protein response (UPR). For global RNA profiling of rat ileal tissue, we applied NGS. Results: No biological response to the GM-diet was observed in male and in female rat tissues. Transcriptome wide analysis of gene expression by RNA-seq confirmed these findings. Nevertheless, gene ontology (GO) analysis clearly associated a set of distinctly regulated transcripts with circadian rhythms. We confirmed differential expression of circadian clock genes using RT-qPCR and immunoassays for selected factors, thereby indicating physiological effects caused by the time point of sampling. Conclusion: Prediction of potential unintended effects of GM-food/feed by transcriptome based profiling of intestinal tissue presents a novel approach to complement classical toxicological testing procedures. Including the detection of alterations in signaling pathways in toxicity testing procedures may enhance the confidence in outcomes of toxicological trials. In this study, no significant GM-related changes in intestinal expression profiles were found in rats fed GM-maize MON810. Relevant alterations of selected cellular pathways (apoptosis, DNA damage and repair, UPR) pointing toward intestinal toxicity of the diets were not observed. Transcriptomic profiles did not reveal perturbations of pathways associated with toxicity, underlining the study results revealed by classical OECD endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Bohmer
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Bohmer
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeljenková
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Zeljenková D, Aláčová R, Ondrejková J, Ambrušová K, Bartušová M, Kebis A, Kovrižnych J, Rollerová E, Szabová E, Wimmerová S, Černák M, Krivošíková Z, Kuricová M, Líšková A, Spustová V, Tulinská J, Levkut M, Révajová V, Ševčíková Z, Schmidt K, Schmidtke J, Schmidt P, La Paz JL, Corujo M, Pla M, Kleter GA, Kok EJ, Sharbati J, Bohmer M, Bohmer N, Einspanier R, Adel-Patient K, Spök A, Pöting A, Kohl C, Wilhelm R, Schiemann J, Steinberg P. One-year oral toxicity study on a genetically modified maize MON810 variety in Wistar Han RCC rats (EU 7th Framework Programme project GRACE). Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2531-62. [PMID: 27439414 PMCID: PMC5043003 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The GRACE (GMO Risk Assessment and Communication of Evidence; www.grace-fp7.eu ) project was funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme. A key objective of GRACE was to conduct 90-day animal feeding trials, animal studies with an extended time frame as well as analytical, in vitro and in silico studies on genetically modified (GM) maize in order to comparatively evaluate their use in GM plant risk assessment. In the present study, the results of a 1-year feeding trial with a GM maize MON810 variety, its near-isogenic non-GM comparator and an additional conventional maize variety are presented. The feeding trials were performed by taking into account the guidance for such studies published by the EFSA Scientific Committee in 2011 and the OECD Test Guideline 452. The results obtained show that the MON810 maize at a level of up to 33 % in the diet did not induce adverse effects in male and female Wistar Han RCC rats after a chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Zeljenková
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radka Aláčová
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Júlia Ondrejková
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Ambrušová
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Bartušová
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Kebis
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jevgenij Kovrižnych
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Rollerová
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elena Szabová
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Wimmerová
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Černák
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zora Krivošíková
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Kuricová
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aurélia Líšková
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Spustová
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Tulinská
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mikuláš Levkut
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice and TOPALAB, Kamenicna 7, 01015, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Viera Révajová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice and TOPALAB, Kamenicna 7, 01015, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Ševčíková
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice and TOPALAB, Kamenicna 7, 01015, Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Jörg Schmidtke
- BioMath GmbH, Schnickmannstr. 4, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Paul Schmidt
- BioMath GmbH, Schnickmannstr. 4, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jose Luis La Paz
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Corujo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pla
- Universitat de Girona (UDG), Edifici EPS1, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Gijs A Kleter
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J Kok
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jutta Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Bohmer
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Bohmer
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karine Adel-Patient
- INRA, UR496 Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, CEA/IBiTeC-S/SPI, CEA de Saclay, 91191, Gif Sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Armin Spök
- IFZ-Inter-University Research Centre for Technology, Work and Culture (IFZ), Schlögelgasse 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Annette Pöting
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Kohl
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wilhelm
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schiemann
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
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