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Taccetti F, Castelli L, Czelusniak C, Giambi F, Manetti M, Massi M, Mazzinghi A, Ruberto C, Arneodo F, Torres R, Castellá F, Gheco L, Mastrangelo N, Gallegos D, Morales A, Tascon M, Marte F, Giuntini L. Novel implementation of the INFN-CHNet X-ray fluorescence scanner for the study of ancient photographs, archaeological pottery, and rock art. Rend Fis Acc Lincei 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Lancioni C, Aspromonte J, Tascon M, Gagliardi LG. Development of a background electrolyte for the determination of inorganic cations in high ionic strength samples by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV-absorption detection. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1645:462091. [PMID: 33845250 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a background electrolyte capable to separate and quantify inorganic cations in high ionic strength samples by UV-absorption indirect detection was designed. In this regard, the four most abundant monovalent and divalent cations in earth crust (K+, Na+, Ca+2, Mg+2) were selected as model compounds. A group of small carboxylic acids and, several toluidines and pyridines were evaluated as mild strength complexing agents and chromophoric probes, respectively. The optimized background electrolyte was composed of 200 mM 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine as the chromophoric probe, 250 mM lactic acid as the weak complexing agent and pH buffering reagent (adjusted to pH 4.5), and 5% v/v methanol as organic solvent modifier. Based on a minimum number of components, it provided outstanding separation performance in less than 4 min in a wide linear dynamic range (10 - 2500 µg·mL-1). Performances were contrasted against a reference method based on conductometric detection. Furthermore, studies of separation efficiency and peak shape were carried out at different analyte concentrations in high electric conductivity solutions. The herein developed method demonstrated exceptional features in terms of limits of detection (~10 µg·mL-1), resolution, speed of analysis, sensitivity and peak capacity in high electric conductivity samples. Moreover, the method was successfully applied to high ionic strength samples such as rock digest, sea water, soy sauce and isotonic drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlina Lancioni
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC-PBA, CONICET), Calle 47 esq. 115, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Juan Aspromonte
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC-PBA, CONICET), Calle 47 esq. 115, La Plata, 1900, Argentina; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 - PB923, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcos Tascon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA-CONICET-UNSAM), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 25 de Mayo y Francia, B1650, San Martín, Argentina.
| | - Leonardo G Gagliardi
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC-PBA, CONICET), Calle 47 esq. 115, La Plata, 1900, Argentina.
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Bojko B, Looby N, Olkowicz M, Roszkowska A, Kupcewicz B, Reck Dos Santos P, Ramadan K, Keshavjee S, Waddell TK, Gómez-Ríos G, Tascon M, Goryński K, Cypel M, Pawliszyn J. Solid phase microextraction chemical biopsy tool for monitoring of doxorubicin residue during in vivo lung chemo-perfusion. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:37-47. [PMID: 33717610 PMCID: PMC7930785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a novel in vivo lung perfusion (IVLP) procedure allows localized delivery of high-dose doxorubicin (DOX) for targeting residual micrometastatic disease in the lungs. However, DOX delivery via IVLP requires careful monitoring of drug level to ensure tissue concentrations of this agent remain in the therapeutic window. A small dimension nitinol wire coated with a sorbent of biocompatible morphology (Bio-SPME) has been clinically evaluated for in vivo lung tissue extraction and determination of DOX and its key metabolites. The in vivo Bio-SPME-IVLP experiments were performed on pig model over various (150 and 225 mg/m2) drug doses, and during human clinical trial. Two patients with metastatic osteosarcoma were treated with a single 5 and 7 μg/mL (respectively) dose of DOX during a 3-h IVLP. In both pig and human cases, DOX tissue levels presented similar trends during IVLP. Human lung tissue concentrations of drug ranged between 15 and 293 μg/g over the course of the IVLP procedure. In addition to DOX levels, Bio-SPME followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis generated 64 metabolic features during endogenous metabolite screening, providing information about lung status during drug administration. Real-time monitoring of DOX levels in the lungs can be performed effectively throughout the IVLP procedure by in vivo Bio-SPME chemical biopsy approach. Bio-SPME also extracted various endogenous molecules, thus providing a real-time snapshot of the physiology of the cells, which might assist in the tailoring of personalized treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON M1B 6G3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Nikita Looby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON M1B 6G3, Canada
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON M1B 6G3, Canada.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON M1B 6G3, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Kupcewicz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Khaled Ramadan
- University Health Network - TGH, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- University Health Network - TGH, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | | | - German Gómez-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON M1B 6G3, Canada
| | - Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON M1B 6G3, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Goryński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON M1B 6G3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- University Health Network - TGH, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON M1B 6G3, Canada
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Pero-Gascon R, Tascon M, Sanz-Nebot V, Gagliardi LG, Benavente F. Improving separation optimization in capillary electrophoresis by using a general quality criterion. Talanta 2020; 208:120399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zucchelli M, Villarruel FD, David-Gara P, Costante MR, Tascon M, Marte F, García Einschlag FS, Cabrerizo FM. Photophysics and photochemistry of carminic acid and related natural pigments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9534-9542. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carminic acid (CA) and other related compounds have been widely used as dyes in cultural heritage, cosmetics and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Zucchelli
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH)
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Chascomús
- Argentina
- IIPC-Tarea
| | - Fernando D. Villarruel
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH)
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Chascomús
- Argentina
- INIFTA – CONICET
| | - Pedro David-Gara
- Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CIOp; CONICET – CIC – UNLP)
- C.C. 3 (1897) Gonnet
- Bs. As
- Argentina and Dpto. de Química
- Fac. de Ciencias Exactas
| | | | - Marcos Tascon
- IIPC-Tarea
- Universidad Nacional de San Martin
- Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA)
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
| | | | | | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH)
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Chascomús
- Argentina
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Castellá F, Pérez-Estebanez M, Mazurek J, Monkes P, Learner T, Niello JF, Tascon M, Marte F. A multi-analytical approach for the characterization of modern white paints used for Argentine concrete art paintings during 1940-1960. Talanta 2019; 208:120472. [PMID: 31816691 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modern art has challenged many aspects of the analytical approaches that are typically used for traditional paint characterization and ageing studies. The paint industry has changed significantly throughout the twentieth century, frequently altering its manufacturing techniques in order to achieve paints with improved appearance, application and performance for a range of diverse household, industrial and artistic uses. This has led to the appearance and use of a multitude of new binding media, pigments and additives, most of which require new analytical methods for their identification. Concrete art is the name given to a significant art movement that took place in Argentina (and other nearby countries) during the 1940s and 1950s, at the exact same time as a flourishing paint industry was utilizing many of these new products and diversifying formulas. This paper reports on some initial findings from a long-term study to develop and apply analytical methodologies on paint samples from a number of Concrete artworks, that will help to better understand art history and advance the conservation field by shedding light on these artist's painting techniques, and the ageing behavior of their materials. Specifically, samples of white paints manufactured by local paint companies in Argentina from that time period were purchased and studied with a multi-analytical approach, which will serve as a reference collection for the field. The analytical techniques used were X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with previous derivatization. Artworks samples were studied with a similar multi-analytical approach, and utilized micro-Raman spectroscopy instead of XRD, for its non-destructive application. A wide range of possible compounds was identified due to the complementarity use of analytical techniques, representing a significant first step in Argentinian modern art research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Castellá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sobre el Patrimonio Cultural (IIPC-TAREA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Pérez-Estebanez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sobre el Patrimonio Cultural (IIPC-TAREA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Pintura y Restauración, Facultad de Bellas Artes, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joy Mazurek
- Getty Conservation Institute, 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA, 90049, USA
| | - Pino Monkes
- Museo de Arte Moderno de Buenos Aires, Av. San Juan 350, C1147 AAO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tom Learner
- Getty Conservation Institute, 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA, 90049, USA
| | - Jorge Fernandez Niello
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingenieria Ambiental (3iA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio TANDAR, GIyA, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz, 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Argentina
| | - Marcos Tascon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sobre el Patrimonio Cultural (IIPC-TAREA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación e Ingenieria Ambiental (3iA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fernando Marte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sobre el Patrimonio Cultural (IIPC-TAREA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Huq M, Tascon M, Nazdrajic E, Roszkowska A, Pawliszyn J. Measurement of Free Drug Concentration from Biological Tissue by Solid-Phase Microextraction: In Silico and Experimental Study. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7719-7728. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Huq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emir Nazdrajic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Tascon M, Singh V, Huq M, Pawliszyn J. Direct Coupling of Dispersive Extractions with Magnetic Particles to Mass Spectrometry via Microfluidic Open Interface. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4762-4770. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mohammad Huq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Looby NT, Tascon M, Acquaro VR, Reyes-Garcés N, Vasiljevic T, Gomez-Rios GA, Wąsowicz M, Pawliszyn J. Solid phase microextraction coupled to mass spectrometry via a microfluidic open interface for rapid therapeutic drug monitoring. Analyst 2019; 144:3721-3728. [PMID: 30968079 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00041k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic used during cardiac surgery that presents high inter-patient variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita T. Looby
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Vinicius R. Acquaro
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Tijana Vasiljevic
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | | | - Marcin Wąsowicz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management
- Toronto General Hospital
- Toronto
- Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue west
- Waterloo
- Canada
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Roszkowska A, Tascon M, Bojko B, Goryński K, Dos Santos PR, Cypel M, Pawliszyn J. Equilibrium ex vivo calibration of homogenized tissue for in vivo SPME quantitation of doxorubicin in lung tissue. Talanta 2018; 183:304-310. [PMID: 29567180 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The fast and sensitive determination of concentrations of anticancer drugs in specific organs can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and minimize its adverse effects. In this paper, ex vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to LC-MS/MS as a method for rapidly quantitating doxorubicin (DOX) in lung tissue was optimized. Furthermore, the theoretical and practical challenges related to the real-time monitoring of DOX levels in the lung tissue of a living organism (in vivo SPME) are presented. In addition, several parameters for ex vivo/in vivo SPME studies, such as extraction efficiency of autoclaved fibers, intact/homogenized tissue differences, critical tissue amount, and the absence of an internal standard are thoroughly examined. To both accurately quantify DOX in solid tissue and minimize the error related to the lack of an internal standard, a calibration method at equilibrium conditions was chosen. In optimized ex vivo SPME conditions, the targeted compound was extracted by directly introducing a 15 mm (45 µm thickness) mixed-mode fiber into 15 g of homogenized tissue for 20 min, followed by a desorption step in an optimal solvent mixture. The detection limit for DOX was 2.5 µg g-1 of tissue. The optimized ex vivo SPME method was successfully applied for the analysis of DOX in real pig lung biopsies, providing an averaged accuracy and precision of 103.2% and 12.3%, respectively. Additionally, a comparison between SPME and solid-liquid extraction revealed good agreement. The results presented herein demonstrate that the developed SPME method radically simplifies the sample preparation step and eliminates the need for tissue biopsies. These results suggest that SPME can accurately quantify DOX in different tissue compartments and can be potentially useful for monitoring and adjusting drug dosages during chemotherapy in order to achieve effective and safe concentrations of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Pedro Reck Dos Santos
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Tascon M, Alam MN, Gómez-Ríos GA, Pawliszyn J. Development of a Microfluidic Open Interface with Flow Isolated Desorption Volume for the Direct Coupling of SPME Devices to Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2631-2638. [PMID: 29388761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Technologies that efficiently integrate the sampling and sample preparation steps with direct introduction to mass spectrometry (MS), providing simple and sensitive analytical workflows as well as capabilities for automation, can generate a great impact in a vast variety of fields, such as in clinical, environmental, and food-science applications. In this study, a novel approach that facilitates direct coupling of Bio-SPME devices to MS using a microfluidic design is presented. This technology, named microfluidic open interface (MOI), which operates under the concept of flow-isolated desorption volume, consists of an open-to-ambient desorption chamber (V ≤ 7 μL) connected to an ionization source. Subsequently, compounds of interest are transported to the ionization source by means of the self-aspiration process intrinsic of these interfaces. Thus, any ionization technology that provides a reliable and constant suction, such as electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI), or inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP), can be hyphenated to MOI. Using this setup, the desorption chamber is used to release target compounds from the coating, while the isolation of the flow enables the ionization source to be continuously fed with solvent, all without the necessity of employment of additional valves. As a proof of concept, the design was applied to an ESI-MS/MS system for experimental validation. Furthermore, numerical simulations were undertaken to provide a detailed understanding of the fluid flow pattern inside the interface, then used to optimize the system for better efficiency. The analytical workflow of the developed Bio-SPME-MOI-MS setup consists of the direct immersion of SPME fibers into the matrix to extract/enrich analytes of interest within a short period of time, followed by a rinsing step with water to remove potentially adhering proteins, salts, and/or other interfering compounds. Next, the fiber is inserted into the MOI for desorption of compounds of interest. Finally, the volume contained in the chamber is drained and moved toward the electrospray needle for ionization and direct introduction to MS. Aiming to validate the technology, the fast determination of selected immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., tacrolimus, cyclosporine, sirolimus, and everolimus) from 100 μL of whole blood was assessed. Limits of quantitation in the subppb range were obtained for all studied compounds. Good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.99) and excellent precision, with (8%) and without (14%) internal standard correction, were attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Md Nazmul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Gómez-Ríos GA, Tascon M, Reyes-Garcés N, Boyacı E, Poole JJ, Pawliszyn J. Rapid determination of immunosuppressive drug concentrations in whole blood by coated blade spray-tandem mass spectrometry (CBS-MS/MS). Anal Chim Acta 2018; 999:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tascon M, Gómez-Ríos GA, Reyes-Garcés N, Poole J, Boyacı E, Pawliszyn J. High-Throughput Screening and Quantitation of Target Compounds in Biofluids by Coated Blade Spray-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8421-8428. [PMID: 28715206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most contemporary methods of screening and quantitating controlled substances and therapeutic drugs in biofluids typically require laborious, time-consuming, and expensive analytical workflows. In recent years, our group has worked toward developing microextraction (μe)-mass spectrometry (MS) technologies that merge all of the tedious steps of the classical methods into a simple, efficient, and low-cost methodology. Unquestionably, the automation of these technologies allows for faster sample throughput, greater reproducibility, and radically reduced analysis times. Coated blade spray (CBS) is a μe technology engineered for extracting/enriching analytes of interest in complex matrices, and it can be directly coupled with MS instruments to achieve efficient screening and quantitative analysis. In this study, we introduced CBS as a technology that can be arranged to perform either rapid diagnostics (single vial) or the high-throughput (96-well plate) analysis of biofluids. Furthermore, we demonstrate that performing 96-CBS extractions at the same time allows the total analysis time to be reduced to less than 55 s per sample. Aiming to validate the versatility of CBS, substances comprising a broad range of molecular weights, moieties, protein binding, and polarities were selected. Thus, the high-throughput (HT)-CBS technology was used for the concomitant quantitation of 18 compounds (mixture of anabolics, β-2 agonists, diuretics, stimulants, narcotics, and β-blockers) spiked in human urine and plasma samples. Excellent precision (∼2.5%), accuracy (≥90%), and linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99) were attained for all the studied compounds, and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) were within the range of 0.1 to 10 ng·mL-1 for plasma and 0.25 to 10 ng·mL-1 for urine. The results reported in this paper confirm CBS's great potential for achieving subsixty-second analyses of target compounds in a broad range of fields such as those related to clinical diagnosis, food, the environment, and forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Justen Poole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Tascon M, Gagliardi LG, Benavente F. Parts-per-trillion detection of harmala alkaloids in Undaria pinnatifida algae by on-line solid phase extraction capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 954:60-67. [PMID: 28081815 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
β-carboline alkaloids of the harmala group (HAlks)-a family of compounds with pharmacologic effects-can be found at trace levels (<25 μg kg-1 algae) in the edible invasive algae Undaria pinnatifida, known commonly as wakame. In this study, we present a simple and sensitive method to detect and quantify at low parts-per-trillion levels the six HAlks more frequently found in those plants. The method is based on on-line solid phase extraction capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry using a C18 sorbent. First, the methodology was optimized and validated with standard solutions through the use of ultraviolet (UV) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Second, the optimized method for MS detection was applied to an analysis of the HAlks in U. pinnatifida extracts. The method achieved limits of detection between 2 and 77 pg mL-1 for standards, producing an analyte preconcentration of about 1000-times in comparison to CE-MS. Some matrix effects were observed for the complex wakame extracts, especially for the most polar HAlks (harmol and harmalol), which bear aromatic hydroxyl groups. Harmine, harmaline, and norharmane were not detected in the algal extracts, whereas harmane was found at 70 pg mL-1 (70 ng kg-1 dry algae). The results underscored that C18-SPE-CE-MS may be considered as a powerful method to detect trace levels of alkaloids and other bioactive small molecules in complex plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tascon
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), División Química Analítica, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Leonardo G Gagliardi
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), División Química Analítica, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gómez-Ríos GA, Liu C, Tascon M, Reyes-Garcés N, Arnold DW, Covey TR, Pawliszyn J. Open Port Probe Sampling Interface for the Direct Coupling of Biocompatible Solid-Phase Microextraction to Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3805-3809. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Liu
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4 V8, Canada
| | - Marcos Tascon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Don W. Arnold
- SCIEX, 1201 Radio Road, Redwood City, California 94065, United States
| | - Thomas R. Covey
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4 V8, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Tascon M, Mastrangelo N, Gheco L, Gastaldi M, Quesada M, Marte F. Micro-spectroscopic analysis of pigments and carbonization layers on prehispanic rock art at the Oyola's caves, Argentina, using a stratigraphic approach. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Echevarría RN, Franca CA, Tascon M, Castells CB, Keunchkarian S. Chiral ligand-exchange chromatography with Cinchona alkaloids. Exploring experimental conditions for enantioseparation of α-amino acids. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gagliardi LG, Tascon M, Castells CB. Effect of temperature on acid–base equilibria in separation techniques. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 889:35-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tascon M, Benavente F, Sanz-Nebot VM, Gagliardi LG. Fast determination of harmala alkaloids in edible algae by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3637-45. [PMID: 25749794 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of algae as a foodstuff is rapidly expanding worldwide from the East Asian countries, where they are also used for medical care. Harmala alkaloids (HAlk) are a family of bioactive compounds found in the extracts of some plants, including wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), an edible marine invasive algae. HAlks are based on a characteristic β-carboline structure with at least one amino ionizable group. In this work, we report the successful separation of a mixture of six HAlks (harmine, harmaline, harmol, harmalol, harmane, and norharmane) by capillary electrophoresis ion-trap mass spectrometry (CE-IT-MS) in less than 8 min. Optimum separation in fused-silica capillaries and detection sensitivity in positive-ion mode were achieved using a background electrolyte (BGE) with 25 mmol L(-1) ammonium acetate (pH 7.8) and 10% (v/v) methanol, and a sheath liquid with 60:40 (v/v) isopropanol-water and 0.05% (v/v) formic acid. The separation method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection and quantification, repeatability, and reproducibility. Later, a sample pretreatment was carefully optimized to determine HAlks in commercial wakame samples with excellent recovery and repeatability. For the complex wakame extracts, the MS-MS fragmentation patterns of the different HAlks were useful to ensure a reliable identification. The complete procedure was validated using the standard-addition calibration method, determining matrix effects on the studied compounds. Harmalol, harmine, and harmaline were naturally present in the samples and were quantified at very low concentrations, ranging from 7 to 24 μg kg(-1) dry algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tascon
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tascon M, Benavente F, Sanz-Nebot V, Gagliardi LG. A high performance system to study the influence of temperature in on-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 863:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Acquaviva A, Tascon M, Padró J, Gagliardi L, Castells C. Automatized measurements of dihydrogen phosphate and Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane in acetonitrile/water mixtures from 20 to 60°C. Talanta 2014; 127:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tascon M, Romero LM, Acquaviva A, Keunchkarian S, Castells C. Determinations of gas–liquid partition coefficients using capillary chromatographic columns. Alkanols in squalane. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1294:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Padró JM, Acquaviva A, Tascon M, Gagliardi LG, Castells CB. Effect of temperature and solvent composition on acid dissociation equilibria, I: Sequenced pssKa determination of compounds commonly used as buffers in high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy detection. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 725:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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