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Peris-Martínez C, García-Domene MC, Penadés M, Luque MJ, Fernández-López E, Artigas JM. Spectral Transmission of the Human Corneal Layers. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194490. [PMID: 34640506 PMCID: PMC8509317 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have assessed the spectral transmittance of the different layers of the human cornea in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near-infrared (IR) spectral ranges. Seventy-four corneal sample donors were included in the study. Firstly, the corneal transmittance was measured using a spectrophotometer. Then, all samples were fixed for histopathological analysis, which allowed us to measure the thickness of each corneal layer. Finally, the absorption coefficients of the corneal layers were computed by a linear model reproducing total transmittance. The results show that corneal transmission was almost in unity at the visible and IR ranges but not at the UV range, in which the layer with higher transmission is Descemet’s membrane, whereas the stroma showed the lowest transmittance. Regarding the absorption coefficient, the most absorptive tissue was Bowman’s layer, followed by the endothelium. Variations on transmittance due to changes in the stroma, Bowman’s layer, or Descemet layer were simulated, and important transmission increases were found due to stroma and Bowman changes. To conclude, we have developed a method to measure the transmittance and thickness for each corneal layer. All corneal layers absorb UV light to a greater or lesser extent. The absorption coefficient is higher for Bowman’s layer, while the stroma is the layer with the lowest transmittance due to its thickness. Variations in stroma thickness or changes in the corneal tissue of Bowman’s layer or the endothelium layer due to some pathologies or surgeries could affect, to a greater or lesser degree, the total transmission of the cornea. Thus, obtaining accurate absorption coefficients for different layers would help us to predict and compensate these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Peris-Martínez
- Anterior Segment and Cornea and External Eye Diseases Unit, FISABIO-Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Av. Pío Baroja, 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.G.-D.); (M.P.); (M.J.L.); (E.F.-L.); (J.M.A.)
- Surgery Department, Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, E-46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, Physics School, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-962-787620
| | - Mari Carmen García-Domene
- Anterior Segment and Cornea and External Eye Diseases Unit, FISABIO-Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Av. Pío Baroja, 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.G.-D.); (M.P.); (M.J.L.); (E.F.-L.); (J.M.A.)
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, Physics School, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Valencia, Spain
- Thematic Cooperative Health Network for Research in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III Health Institute, C/Sinesio Delgado, 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariola Penadés
- Anterior Segment and Cornea and External Eye Diseases Unit, FISABIO-Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Av. Pío Baroja, 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.G.-D.); (M.P.); (M.J.L.); (E.F.-L.); (J.M.A.)
- Thematic Cooperative Health Network for Research in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III Health Institute, C/Sinesio Delgado, 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Group, PASAPTA, Veterinary School, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, E-46115, Alfara del Patriarca, E-46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Josefa Luque
- Anterior Segment and Cornea and External Eye Diseases Unit, FISABIO-Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Av. Pío Baroja, 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.G.-D.); (M.P.); (M.J.L.); (E.F.-L.); (J.M.A.)
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, Physics School, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ester Fernández-López
- Anterior Segment and Cornea and External Eye Diseases Unit, FISABIO-Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Av. Pío Baroja, 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.G.-D.); (M.P.); (M.J.L.); (E.F.-L.); (J.M.A.)
| | - José María Artigas
- Anterior Segment and Cornea and External Eye Diseases Unit, FISABIO-Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Av. Pío Baroja, 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.G.-D.); (M.P.); (M.J.L.); (E.F.-L.); (J.M.A.)
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, Physics School, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Valencia, Spain
- Thematic Cooperative Health Network for Research in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos III Health Institute, C/Sinesio Delgado, 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Artigas JM, Navea A, García-Domene MC, Artigas C, Lanzagorta A. Photoprotection and photoreception of intraocular lenses under xenon and white LED illumination. J Fr Ophtalmol 2016; 39:421-7. [PMID: 27180649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the photoprotection and phototransmission that various intraocular lenses (IOLs) provide under the illumination of a xenon (Xe) lamp and white LEDs (light emitting diode). METHODS The spectral transmission curves of six representative IOLs were measured using a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 35 UV/VIS spectrometer. Various filtering simulations were performed using a Xe lamp and white LEDs. The spectral emissions of these lamps were measured with an ILT-950 spectroradiometer. RESULTS The IOLs analyzed primarily show transmission of nearly 100% in the visible spectrum. In the ultraviolet (UV) region, the filters incorporated in the various IOLs did not filter equally, and some of them let an appreciable amount of UV through. The Xe lamp presented a strong emission of ultraviolet A (UVA), and its emission under 300nm was not negligible. The white LED did not present an appreciable emission under 380nm. CONCLUSIONS The cut-off wavelength of most filters is between 380 and 400nm (Physiol Hydriol60C(®), IOLTECH E4T(®), Alcon SA60AT(®), Alcon IQ SN60WF(®)), so that their UV protection is very effective. Nonetheless, the IOL OPHTEC Oculaid(®) contains a filter that, when a Xe lamp is used, lets through up to 20% for 350nm and up to 15% for 300nm, which at this point is ultraviolet B (UVB). The OPHTEC(®) Artisan IOL has a transmission peak below 300nm, which must be taken into account under Xe illumination. White LEDs do not emit energy below 380nm, so no special protection is required in the UV region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Artigas
- Fisabio Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Valencia, Spain; Universidad de Valencia, Faculty of Physics, Department of Optics, C/Dr Moliner 50, E46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Navea
- Fisabio Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Valencia, Spain
| | - M C García-Domene
- Fisabio Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Valencia, Spain; Universidad de Valencia, Faculty of Physics, Department of Optics, C/Dr Moliner 50, E46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Artigas
- University Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Lanzagorta
- Fisabio Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Valencia, Spain
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