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Arias-Tellez MJ, Acosta FM, Merchan-Ramirez E, Martínez-Téllez B, Delgado GS, Llamas-Elvira JM, Ruiz JR. Effect of a 24-Week Concurrent Exercise Intervention on Neck Adiposity and Its Distribution in Young Adults: The ACTIBATE Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2023; 33:255-264. [PMID: 37414400 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Neck adipose tissue (NAT) accumulation and neck circumference are independent predictors of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and low-grade chronic inflammation in young adults. The present study examines whether a 24-week concurrent exercise intervention can reduce NAT volume and neck circumference in young adults, and whether any changes in these variables are related to changes in body composition, CMR, and the inflammatory profile. Seventy-four participants (51 women, age 22 ± 2 years) were included in the main analyses, after being randomly assigned to either a (a) control (n = 34), (b) moderate-intensity exercise (n = 19), or (c) vigorous-intensity exercise (n = 21) group. Participants in the exercise groups trained 3-4 days/week (endurance + resistance exercise training). NAT volume and NAT distribution across different depots were estimated using computed tomography before and after the intervention. Anthropometric variables, body composition (determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and CMR/inflammatory markers were also recorded. The exercise intervention did not reduce the total NAT volume, nor was NAT distribution affected (p > .05). However, it did reduce neck circumference in the vigorous-intensity exercise group compared with the moderate-intensity exercise and control groups (by 0.8 and 1 cm, respectively, p ≤ .05). Changes in total NAT and neck circumference were positively, albeit weakly, related (adj. R2: .05-.21, all p ≤ .05) to changes in body weight and adiposity, leptin (only total NAT), and CMR (only neck circumference). Altogether 24 weeks of concurrent exercise does not appear to reduce NAT accumulation in young adults, but may slightly reduce neck circumference in those who partake in vigorous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Arias-Tellez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada,Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago,Chile
| | - Francisco M Acosta
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada,Spain
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku,Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku,Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku,Finland
- MediCity/PET Preclinical Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku PET Centre, Turku,Finland
| | - Elisa Merchan-Ramirez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada,Spain
| | - Borja Martínez-Téllez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada,Spain
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería,Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden,The Netherlands
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada,Spain
| | - Guillermo-Sánchez Delgado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada,Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada,Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC,Canada
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Nuclear Medicine Services, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada,Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada,Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada,Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada,Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada,Spain
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Merchan-Ramirez E, Sanchez-Delgado G, Arrizabalaga-Arriazu C, Acosta FM, Arias-Tellez MJ, Muñoz-Torres M, Garcia-Lario JV, Llamas-Elvira JM, Ruiz JR. Circulating concentrations of free triiodothyronine are associated with central adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in young euthyroid adults. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:629-640. [PMID: 35381950 PMCID: PMC9381449 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is associated with classic cardiometabolic risk factors in humans. However, this relationship remains unclear in young euthyroid adults. The present work examines the associations of circulating thyroid hormones (THs) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations with body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in young euthyroid adults. A total of 106 sedentary, euthyroid adults (72 women; 22 ± 2 years old) participated in this cross-sectional study. THs and TSH serum concentrations were determined in fasting conditions (6 h). Body composition (fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)) was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometric parameters (weight, height, and waist circumference) were measured, and neck adipose tissue mass was quantified through computed tomography (CT) scanning. Cardiometabolic risk factors including fasting glucose and lipid metabolism markers, hepatic phosphatase and transaminases, and blood pressure were also assessed. Free triiodothyronine (FT3) concentration was positively associated with body mass index, LM, VAT, and waist circumference (all P ≤ 0.038). FT3 was also associated with glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, fatty liver index, and blood pressure (all P < 0.024). All the associations were attenuated when adjusting for sex. In contrast, we found no associations of TSH or free thyroxine with any body composition parameter or cardiometabolic risk factors. In conclusion, FT3 is associated with central adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors including insulin resistance, fatty liver index, and mean, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in young euthyroid adults. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02365129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Merchan-Ramirez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, C/Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, C/Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Francisco M Acosta
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, C/Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Jose Arias-Tellez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, C/Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Granada, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs. Granada), Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain.,Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs. Granada), Granada, Spain.,Nuclear Medicine Service, "Virgen de Las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, C/Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs. Granada), Granada, Spain.
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Arias-Tellez MJ, Acosta FM, Garcia-Rivero Y, Pascual-Gamarra JM, Merchan-Ramirez E, Martinez-Tellez B, Silva AM, Lopez JA, Llamas-Elvira JM, Ruiz JR. Neck adipose tissue accumulation is associated with higher overall and central adiposity, a higher cardiometabolic risk, and a pro-inflammatory profile in young adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:733-745. [PMID: 33139886 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neck adipose tissue (NAT) volume increases with general adiposity, with fat accumulating in different neck tissue compartments. In patients with certain malignant/benign tumours, the accumulation of NAT, and certain NAT distributions, have been associated with cardiometabolic risk (CMR). However, it is unknown whether the same relationships exist in healthy people, and whether NAT accumulation and distribution are related to the inflammatory status. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 139 young healthy adults (68% women) underwent a computed tomography scan to quantify the volume of compartmental (i.e., subcutaneous, intermuscular and perivertebral) and total NAT at the height of vertebra C5. Anthropometric indicators were measured, and body composition determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Information on CMR factors (i.e., blood glycaemic and lipid markers, blood pressure and physical fitness) was also gathered, and a CMR score calculated. Several plasma cytokines and serum components of the innate immune system were measured to determine the inflammatory status. RESULTS Compartmental and total NAT volumes were directly related to body mass index (BMI), and lean, fat, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) masses (all, P ≤ 0.05). Larger compartmental (especially intermuscular) and total NAT volumes were directly associated with the CMR score, several CMR factors (i.e., glycaemic and lipid markers and blood pressure), and the C3, C4 and leptin concentrations. They were, however, inversely correlated with the CMR factors high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and physical fitness, and with the adiponectin concentration (all P ≤ 0.05). Several of these associations remained statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) after adjustment for BMI, body fat percentage or VAT mass. Overall, results did not change after applying false discovery rate correction. CONCLUSIONS NAT volume and its distribution among different tissue compartments is associated with the CMR and inflammatory profile of young healthy adults. Total NAT volume appears to be as valuable as VAT mass in terms of predicting CMR and inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Arias-Tellez
- PROFITH "PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independence, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco M Acosta
- PROFITH "PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Garcia-Rivero
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Pascual-Gamarra
- PROFITH "PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elisa Merchan-Ramirez
- PROFITH "PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH "PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1495-688, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Julio Almansa Lopez
- U.G.C. Física y Protección Radiológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), U.G.C. Física y Protección Radiológica, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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