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Satsias ZM, Silk MJ, Hockings KJ, Cibot M, Rohen J, McLennan MR. Sex-specific responses to anthropogenic risk shape wild chimpanzee social networks in a human-impacted landscape. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sharma AK, Davison S, Pafco B, Clayton JB, Rothman JM, McLennan MR, Cibot M, Fuh T, Vodicka R, Robinson CJ, Petrzelkova K, Gomez A. The primate gut mycobiome-bacteriome interface is impacted by environmental and subsistence factors. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:12. [PMID: 35301322 PMCID: PMC8930997 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome of primates is known to be influenced by both host genetic background and subsistence strategy. However, these inferences have been made mainly based on adaptations in bacterial composition - the bacteriome and have commonly overlooked the fungal fraction - the mycobiome. To further understand the factors that shape the gut mycobiome of primates and mycobiome-bacteriome interactions, we sequenced 16 S rRNA and ITS2 markers in fecal samples of four different nonhuman primate species and three human groups under different subsistence patterns (n = 149). The results show that gut mycobiome composition in primates is still largely unknown but highly plastic and weakly structured by primate phylogeny, compared with the bacteriome. We find significant gut mycobiome overlap between captive apes and human populations living under industrialized subsistence contexts; this is in contrast with contemporary hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists, who share more mycobiome traits with diverse wild-ranging nonhuman primates. In addition, mycobiome-bacteriome interactions were specific to each population, revealing that individual, lifestyle and intrinsic ecological factors affect structural correspondence, number, and kind of interactions between gut bacteria and fungi in primates. Our findings indicate a dominant effect of ecological niche, environmental factors, and diet over the phylogenetic background of the host, in shaping gut mycobiome composition and mycobiome-bacteriome interactions in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Sharma
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sam Davison
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Barbora Pafco
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan B Clayton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.,Callitrichid Research Center (CRC, Marmoset Colony) at the University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.,Primate Microbiome Project, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jessica M Rothman
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, USA.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew R McLennan
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Bulindi Chimpanzee & Community Project, Hoima, Uganda
| | - Marie Cibot
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Bulindi Chimpanzee & Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.,Anicoon Vétérinaires, Ploemeur, France
| | - Terence Fuh
- WWF Central African Republic, Bayanga, Central African Republic
| | | | | | - Klara Petrzelkova
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andres Gomez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA. .,Primate Microbiome Project, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA. .,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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van Dijk K, Cibot M, McLennan MR. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) adapt their nesting behavior after large-scale forest clearance and community decline. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23323. [PMID: 34455609 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) build nests at night for sleeping and occasionally during daytime for resting. Over the course of seven years, forest fragments in Bulindi, Uganda, were reduced in size by about 80% when landowners converted forest to agricultural land. However, unlike other studies on nesting behavior in response to habitat disturbance, chimpanzees at Bulindi had no opportunity to retreat into nearby undisturbed forest. To understand behavioral adaptations to forest clearance, we compared Bulindi chimpanzees' nesting characteristics before and after this period of major deforestation. After deforestation, chimpanzees built nests at lower heights in shorter trees, and reused a larger proportion of their nests. Additionally, average nest group size increased after deforestation, even though community size declined by approximately 20% over the same period. The substantial decrease in available forest habitat may have caused the chimpanzees to aggregate for nesting. However, more cohesive nesting may also have been influenced by dietary shifts (increased reliance on agricultural crops) and a need for enhanced safety with increased human encroachment. Conversely, the chimpanzees selected similar tree species for nesting after deforestation, apparently reflecting a strong preference for particular species, nested less often in exotic species, and built integrated nests (constructed using multiple trees) at a similar frequency as before fragment clearance. Chimpanzees living in unprotected habitat in Uganda, as at Bulindi, face mounting anthropogenic pressures that threaten their survival. Nevertheless, our study shows that chimpanzees can adjust their nesting behavior flexibly in response to rapid, extensive habitat change. While behavioral flexibility may enable them to cope with deforestation, at least to a certain point, the long-term survival of chimpanzees in fast-changing human-modified landscapes requires intensive conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim van Dijk
- Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.,Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Cibot
- Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.,Anicoon Vétérinaires, Ploemeur, Larmor-Plage, France
| | - Matthew R McLennan
- Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.,Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
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McCarthy MS, Lester JD, Cibot M, Vigilant L, McLennan MR. Atypically High Reproductive Skew in a Small Wild Chimpanzee Community in a Human-Dominated Landscape. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2020; 91:688-696. [PMID: 32604094 DOI: 10.1159/000508609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Social rank is positively correlated with reproductive success in numerous species, albeit demographic factors often influence those patterns. In multimale primate species, reproductive skew tends to decrease with increasing numbers of males and sexually receptive females. Alpha male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) often sire a disproportionate, though somewhat variable, percentage of offspring compared to other males. In a small community of eastern chimpanzees inhabiting a human-dominated landscape in Bulindi, Uganda, we found extraordinarily high levels of alpha male reproductive success over a 5-year period (7/8 offspring = 88%), despite the presence of multiple subordinate males. The skew exceeds that reported in other studies of chimpanzees as well as closely related bonobos (Pan paniscus). Our findings underscore the role of demographic and social factors in male reproductive success and also suggest that conclusions about species differences may be premature. The interaction of small community size, dispersal limitations, and male reproductive strategies like those found here may decrease genetic diversity and increase the risk of concomitant inbreeding in chimpanzee communities under strong anthropogenic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen S McCarthy
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, .,Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda,
| | - Jack D Lester
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda
| | - Marie Cibot
- Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.,Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Anicoon Vétérinaires, Ploemeur/Larmor-Plage, France
| | - Linda Vigilant
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthew R McLennan
- Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.,Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, United Kingdom
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McLennan MR, Rohen J, Satsias Z, Sabiiti T, Baruzaliire JM, Cibot M. ‘Customary’ use of stick tools by chimpanzees in Bulindi, Uganda: update and analysis of digging techniques from behavioural observations. primatologie 2019. [DOI: 10.4000/primatologie.6706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Cibot M. Introduction to the special issue: Tool use among Ugandan forest fragment chimpanzees. primatologie 2019. [DOI: 10.4000/primatologie.5996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Krief S, Watts DP, Mitani JC, Krief JM, Cibot M, Bortolamiol S, Seguya AG, Couly G. Two Cases of Cleft Lip and Other Congenital Anomalies in Wild Chimpanzees Living in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 52:743-50. [DOI: 10.1597/14-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Design Observations of wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) were conducted in Kibale National Park, Uganda, at the sites of Sebitoli and Ngogo. Results We report the first two cases of cleft lip in wild chimpanzees. Additionally, some other chimpanzees in the Sebitoli community show facial dysplasia and congenital anomalies, such as patches of depigmented hairs and limb defects. Conclusions Cleft lip has been documented in several species of nonhuman primates, but much remains unknown about the occurrence of cleft lip and cleft palate in great apes, probably because such malformations are rare, wild apes are difficult to monitor and observe, and severe cases associated with cleft palates render suckling impossible and lead to early death of infants. The genetic basis of such defects in great apes warrants investigation, as does the possibility that environmental toxins contribute to their etiology in Kibale in ways that could affect humans as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krief
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle (MNHN) UMR 7206 MNHN/CNRS/P7, Eco-anthropologie et d'ethnobiologie, CP 135, MNHN, Paris, France, UWA Sebitoli Station, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - David P. Watts
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John C. Mitani
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Marie Cibot
- UMR 7206, Paris, France, and PCGS, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Sarah Bortolamiol
- UMR 7206, Paris, France, and PCGS, Fort Portal, Uganda, and UMR 7533 Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | - Gérard Couly
- Université Paris Descartes, Institut de la Bouche et du Visage de l'Enfant, Hôpital Universitaire Necker 149, Paris, France, and UMR 7221 CNRS/MNHN, Evolution des regulations endocriniennes, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris Cedex 5, France
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Cibot M, Krief S, Philippon J, Couchoud P, Seguya A, Pouydebat E. Feeding Consequences of Hand and Foot Disability in Wild Adult Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). INT J PRIMATOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-016-9914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cibot M, Guillot J, Lafosse S, Bon C, Seguya A, Krief S. Nodular Worm Infections in Wild Non-human Primates and Humans Living in the Sebitoli Area (Kibale National Park, Uganda): Do High Spatial Proximity Favor Zoonotic Transmission? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004133. [PMID: 26451592 PMCID: PMC4599739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nodular Oesophagostomum genus nematodes are a major public health concern in some African regions because they can be lethal to humans. Their relatively high prevalence in people has been described in Uganda recently. While non-human primates also harbor Oesophagostomum spp., the epidemiology of this oesophagostomosis and the role of these animals as reservoirs of the infection in Eastern Africa are not yet well documented. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The present study aimed to investigate Oesophagostomum infection in terms of parasite species diversity, prevalence and load in three non-human primates (Pan troglodytes, Papio anubis, Colobus guereza) and humans living in close proximity in a forested area of Sebitoli, Kibale National Park (KNP), Uganda. The molecular phylogenetic analyses provided the first evidence that humans living in the Sebitoli area harbored O. stephanostomum, a common species in free-ranging chimpanzees. Chimpanzees were also infected by O. bifurcum, a common species described in human populations throughout Africa. The recently described Oesophagostomum sp. found in colobine monkeys and humans and which was absent from baboons in the neighboring site of Kanyawara in KNP (10 km from Sebitoli), was only found in baboons. Microscopic analyses revealed that the infection prevalence and parasite load in chimpanzees were significantly lower in Kanyawara than in Sebitoli, an area more impacted by human activities at its borders. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Three different Oesophagostomum species circulate in humans and non-human primates in the Sebitoli area and our results confirm the presence of a new genotype of Oesophagostomum recently described in Uganda. The high spatiotemporal overlap between humans and chimpanzees in the studied area coupled with the high infection prevalence among chimpanzees represent factors that could increase the risk of transmission for O. stephanostomum between the two primate species. Finally, the importance of local-scale research for zoonosis risk management is important because environmental disturbance and species contact can differ, leading to different parasitological profiles between sites that are close together within the same forest patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cibot
- UMR 7206, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
- UMR 7179, Mécanismes adaptatifs: Des organismes aux communautés, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
- Great Apes Conservation Project (GACP), Sebitoli Research Station, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Department of Parasitology, Dynamyc research group EnvA-UPEC, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, UPE, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Lafosse
- UMR 7206, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Céline Bon
- UMR 7206, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | | | - Sabrina Krief
- UMR 7206, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
- Great Apes Conservation Project (GACP), Sebitoli Research Station, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda
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Cibot M, Bortolamiol S, Seguya A, Krief S. Chimpanzees facing a dangerous situation: A high-traffic asphalted road in the Sebitoli area of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:890-900. [PMID: 25864720 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the spread of road infrastructures throughout Africa to support regional development, industry, and tourism, few studies have examined how wild animals adapt their behavior and ecology in road-forest ecotones. Indeed, while numerous studies have demonstrated chimpanzee adaptability in anthropogenic landscapes, none have examined the effects of asphalted highways on wild chimpanzee behaviors. In a 29-month survey, we assessed the dangers posed by an asphalted road crossing the Sebitoli area of Kibale National Park (Uganda). We analyzed 122 individual chimpanzee crossings. Although the asphalted road represents a substantial threat to crossing animals (89 motorized vehicles per hour use this road and individuals of six different primate species were killed in 1 year), chimpanzees took into account this risk. More than 90% of the individuals looked right and left before and while crossing. Chimpanzees crossed in small subgroups (average 2.7 subgroups of 2.1 individuals per crossing event). Whole parties crossed more rapidly when chimpanzees were more numerous in the crossing groups. The individuals most vulnerable to the dangers of road crossing (females with dependents, immature, and severely injured individuals) crossed less frequently compared with non-vulnerable individuals (lone and healthy adolescents and adults). Moreover, healthy adult males, who were the most frequent crossing individuals, led progressions more frequently when crossing the road than when climbing or descending feeding trees. Almost 20% of the individuals that crossed paid attention to conspecifics by checking on them or waiting for them while crossing. These observations are relevant for our understanding of adaptive behavior among chimpanzees in human-impacted habitats. Further investigations are needed to better evaluate the effects of busy roads on adolescent female dispersal and on their use of territories. Mitigation measures (e.g., bridges, underpasses, reduced speed limits, speed-bumps, signposts, or police controls) should be established in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cibot
- UMR 7206, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.,Great Ape Conservation Project (GACP), Sebitoli Research Station, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda.,UMR 7179, Mécanismes adaptatifs: des organismes aux communautés, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Bortolamiol
- UMR 7206, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.,Great Ape Conservation Project (GACP), Sebitoli Research Station, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda.,UMR 7533, Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces, Paris Diderot University (Sorbonne Paris Cité), Paris, France
| | | | - Sabrina Krief
- UMR 7206, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.,Great Ape Conservation Project (GACP), Sebitoli Research Station, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda
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Couchoud P, Cibot M, Pouydebat E, Krief S. Descriptions anatomiques et hypothèses étiologiques des déformations des mains et des pieds observées chez les chimpanzés de Sebitoli (Parc national de Kibale, Ouganda). primatologie 2015. [DOI: 10.4000/primatologie.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Krief S, Cibot M, Bortolamiol S, Seguya A, Krief JM, Masi S. Wild chimpanzees on the edge: nocturnal activities in croplands. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109925. [PMID: 25338066 PMCID: PMC4206271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a rapidly changing landscape highly impacted by anthropogenic activities, the great apes are facing new challenges to coexist with humans. For chimpanzee communities inhabiting encroached territories, not bordered by rival conspecifics but by human agricultural fields, such boundaries are risky areas. To investigate the hypothesis that they use specific strategies for incursions out of the forest into maize fields to prevent the risk of detection by humans guarding their field, we carried out video recordings of chimpanzees at the edge of the forest bordered by a maize plantation in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Contrary to our expectations, large parties are engaged in crop-raids, including vulnerable individuals such as females with clinging infants. More surprisingly chimpanzees were crop-raiding during the night. They also stayed longer in the maize field and presented few signs of vigilance and anxiety during these nocturnal crop-raids. While nocturnal activities of chimpanzees have been reported during full moon periods, this is the first record of frequent and repeated nocturnal activities after twilight, in darkness. Habitat destruction may have promoted behavioural adjustments such as nocturnal exploitation of open croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krief
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie et d’ethnobiologie, Hommes, Natures, Sociétés, Museum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France
- Projet pour la conservation des grands singes, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie Cibot
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie et d’ethnobiologie, Hommes, Natures, Sociétés, Museum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France
- Projet pour la conservation des grands singes, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda
- UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Mécanismes adaptatifs: des organismes aux communautés, Ecologie et de gestion de la biodiversité, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Bortolamiol
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie et d’ethnobiologie, Hommes, Natures, Sociétés, Museum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France
- Projet pour la conservation des grands singes, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda
- UMR 7533, Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Krief
- Projet pour la conservation des grands singes, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Shelly Masi
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie et d’ethnobiologie, Hommes, Natures, Sociétés, Museum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France
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Cibot M, Philippon J, Laurent R, Pouydebat E, Krief S. Effets du braconnage et des mutilations sur les budgets d’activités et les rapports sociaux des chimpanzés sauvages de Sebitoli dans le parc national de Kibale (Ouganda). primatologie 2013. [DOI: 10.4000/primatologie.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Narat V, Cibot M, Bokika Ngawolo J, Dumez R, Krief S. Etude préliminaire de l'influence des disponibilités alimentaires et des activités humaines sur l’utilisation spatiale de l’habitat par les chimpanzés et les bonobos1. primatologie 2012. [DOI: 10.4000/primatologie.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Krief S, Levrero F, Krief JM, Thanapongpichat S, Imwong M, Snounou G, Kasenene JM, Cibot M, Gantier JC. Investigations on anopheline mosquitoes close to the nest sites of chimpanzees subject to malaria infection in Ugandan highlands. Malar J 2012; 11:116. [PMID: 22510395 PMCID: PMC3515334 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria parasites (Plasmodium sp.), including new species, have recently been discovered as low grade mixed infections in three wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) sampled randomly in Kibale National Park, Uganda. This suggested a high prevalence of malaria infection in this community. The clinical course of malaria in chimpanzees and the species of the vectors that transmit their parasites are not known. The fact that these apes display a specific behaviour in which they consume plant parts of low nutritional value but that contain compounds with anti-malarial properties suggests that the apes health might be affected by the parasite. The avoidance of the night-biting anopheline mosquitoes is another potential behavioural adaptation that would lead to a decrease in the number of infectious bites and consequently malaria. METHODS Mosquitoes were collected over two years using suction-light traps and yeast-generated CO(2) traps at the nesting and the feeding sites of two chimpanzee communities in Kibale National Park. The species of the female Anopheles caught were then determined and the presence of Plasmodium was sought in these insects by PCR amplification. RESULTS The mosquito catches yielded a total of 309 female Anopheles specimens, the only known vectors of malaria parasites of mammalians. These specimens belonged to 10 species, of which Anopheles implexus, Anopheles vinckei and Anopheles demeilloni dominated. Sensitive DNA amplification techniques failed to detect any Plasmodium-positive Anopheles specimens. Humidity and trap height influenced the Anopheles capture success, and there was a negative correlation between nest numbers and mosquito abundance. The anopheline mosquitoes were also less diverse and numerous in sites where chimpanzees were nesting as compared to those where they were feeding. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that the sites where chimpanzees build their nests every night might be selected, at least in part, in order to minimize contact with anopheline mosquitoes, which might lead to a reduced risk in acquiring malaria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krief
- UMR 7206- Eco-anthropologie et ethnobiologie, Musum National dHistoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Projet pour la Conservation des Grands Singes, Paris, France
| | - Florence Levrero
- Universit de Saint-Etienne, Equipe de Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle/CNPS, CNRS UMR 8195. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | | | - Mallika Imwong
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Georges Snounou
- Institut National de la Sant et de la Recherche Mdicale, Unit Mixte de Recherche, S 945 Paris, France
- Universit Pierre & Marie Curie, Facult de Mdecine Piti-Salptrire, Paris, France
| | - John M Kasenene
- Makerere University Biological Field Station, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Marie Cibot
- UMR 7206- Eco-anthropologie et ethnobiologie, Musum National dHistoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Guillot J, Vermeulen B, Lafosse S, Chauffour S, Cibot M, Narat V, Masi S, Nieguitsila A, Snounou G, Bain O, Krief S. [Nematodes of the genus Oesophagostomum: an emerging risk for humans and apes in Africa?]. Bull Acad Natl Med 2011; 195:1955-1963. [PMID: 22844754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nematodes of the genus Oesophagostomum are common intestinal parasites found in cattle, pigs and primates. They can cause severe illness, resulting from the formation of granulomas, caseous lesions and abscesses in the intestinal wall. Human oesophagostomosis is endemic in northern Ghana and Togo. In these regions, epidemiological investigations have been conducted to determine the biological characteristics, transmission dynamics and optimal management of clinical cases. Nodular oesophagostomosis has also been described in free-ranging chimpanzees and gorillas. Clinical signs associated with nodules have been observed in great apes raised in sanctuaries, while the health status of their wild counterparts does not seem to be significantly affected It has been suggested that some nonhuman primates may act as reservoirs for human oesophagostomosis. In Ghana, identification of genetic differences among Oesophagostomum nematodes infecting different primate hosts suggests that oesophagostomosis is a rare zoonosis. In Uganda, where the situation is diferent, cross-infection is probably more frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Guillot
- UMR Bipar, Service de Parasitologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex.
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