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Azzam MB, Girard MA, Andrews C, Bilinski H, Connelly DM, Gilbert JHV, Newton C, Grymonpre RE. Correction: Accreditation as a driver of interprofessional education: the Canadian experience. Hum Resour Health 2022; 20:77. [PMID: 36333726 PMCID: PMC9636680 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-022-00775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B Azzam
- Curriculum Studies and Studies in Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Andrée Girard
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Health Hub: Politics, Organizations and Law, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Andrews
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Hope Bilinski
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Denise M Connelly
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - John H V Gilbert
- College of Health Disciplines, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christie Newton
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ruby E Grymonpre
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Azzam MB, Girard MA, Andrews C, Bilinski H, Connelly DM, Gilbert JHV, Newton C, Grymonpre RE. Accreditation as a driver of interprofessional education: the Canadian experience. Hum Resour Health 2022; 20:65. [PMID: 36028840 PMCID: PMC9412779 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-022-00759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to (1) explore evidence provided by Canadian health and social care (HASC) academic programs in meeting their profession-specific interprofessional education (IPE)-relevant accreditation standards; (2) share successes, exemplars, and challenges experienced by HASC academic programs in meeting their IPE-relevant accreditation standards; and (3) articulate the impacts of IPE-relevant accreditation standards on enabling interprofessional learning to the global HASC academic community. METHODS Profession-specific (bilingual, if requested) surveys were developed and emailed to the Deans/Academic Program Directors of eligible academic programs with a request to forward to the individual who oversees IPE accreditation. Responses were collated collectively and by profession. Open-ended responses associated with our first objective were deductively categorized to align with the five Accreditation of Interprofessional Health Education (AIPHE) standards domains. Responses to our additional questions associated with our second and third objectives were inductively categorized into themes. RESULTS/DISCUSSION Of the 270 HASC academic programs surveyed, 30% (n = 24) partially or completely responded to our questions. Of the 106 IPE-relevant standards where evidence was provided, 62% (n = 66) focused on the Educational Program, 88% of which (n = 58) were either met or partially met, and 47% (n = 31) of which focused on practice-based IPE. Respondents cited various exemplars and challenges in meeting IPE-relevant standards. CONCLUSIONS The overall sentiment was that IPE accreditation was a significant driver of the IPE curriculum and its continuous improvement. The array of exemplars described in this paper may be of relevance in advancing IPE implementation and accreditation across Canada and perhaps, more importantly, in countries where these processes are yet emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B Azzam
- Curriculum Studies and Studies in Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Andrée Girard
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Health Hub: Politics, Organizations and Law, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Andrews
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Hope Bilinski
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Denise M Connelly
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - John H V Gilbert
- College of Health Disciplines, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christie Newton
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ruby E Grymonpre
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Azzam M, Puvirajah A, Girard MA, Grymonpre RE. Interprofessional education-relevant accreditation standards in Canada: a comparative document analysis. Hum Resour Health 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 33985513 PMCID: PMC8120702 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that sustainable delivery of interprofessional education (IPE) has the potential to lead to interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP), which in turn has the potential to lead to enhanced healthcare systems and improved patient-centered care health outcomes. To enhance IPE in Canada, the Accreditation of Interprofessional Health Education (AIPHE) project initiated collaborative efforts among accrediting organizations of six health professions to embed IPE language into their respective accreditation standards. To further understand the impact of the AIPHE project, this study evaluated the accountability of the IPE language currently embedded in Canadian health professions' accreditation standards documents and examined whether such language spanned the five accreditation standards domains identified in the AIPHE project. METHODS We conducted a comparative content analysis to identify and examine IPE language within the "accountable" statements in the current accreditation standards for 11 Canadian health professions that met our eligibility criteria. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 77 IPE-relevant accountable statements were identified across 13 accreditation standards documents for the 11 health professions. The chiropractic, pharmacy, and physiotherapy documents represented nearly 50% (38/77) of all accountable statements. The accountable statements for pharmacy, dentistry, dietetics, and nursing (registered) spanned across three-to-four accreditation standards domains. The remaining nine professions' statements referred mostly to "Students" and "Educational program." Furthermore, the majority of accreditation standards documents failed to provide a definition of IPE, and those that did, were inconsistent across health professions. CONCLUSIONS It was encouraging to see frequent reference to IPE within the accreditation standards of the health professions involved in this study. The qualitative findings, however, suggest that the emphasis of these accountable statements is mainly on the students and educational program, potentially compromising the sustainability and development, implementation, and evaluation of this frequently misunderstood pedagogical approach. The findings and exemplary IPE-relevant accountable statements identified in this paper should be of interest to all relevant stakeholders including those countries, where IPE accreditation is still emerging, as a means to accelerate and strengthen achieving desired educational and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azzam
- Curriculum Studies and Studies in Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Anton Puvirajah
- Curriculum Studies and Studies in Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Andrée Girard
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Health Hub: Politics, Organizations and Law, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Law, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ruby E Grymonpre
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Girard MA, Régis C, Denis JL. Interprofessional collaboration and health policy: results from a Quebec mixed method legal research. J Interprof Care 2021; 36:44-51. [PMID: 33955801 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2021.1891030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is central to effective care. This practice is structured by an array of laws, regulations and policies but the literature on their impact on IPC is scarce. This study aims to illustrate the gap between the texts and clinicians' knowledge of the legal framework using an anonymous web-based survey. The survey, sent to nurses and physicians in Quebec, Canada, focused on the IPC legal framework, legal knowledge sources and IPC perceptions or beliefs. The primary outcome was to determine the gap between the law and understanding of the law. The secondary outcome was to identify legal knowledge sources for clinicians in Quebec. A total of 267 participants filled in the survey. For knowledge acquisition, 40% of physicians turned to insurers whereas 43% of nurses turned to their regulatory body. Only 30% of physicians correctly identified what activity is reserved for physicians while 39% of nurses correctly identified their reserved activity. Regarding legal perceptions, 28% of physicians and 39% of nurses thought IPC could increase their liability. These participants have a higher tendency to name liability-related issues as barriers to IPC. These results show an important discrepancy between clinicians' knowledge about law and policies, and the actual texts themselves. This gap can lead to misinterpretations of the law by clinicians, ineffective policy changes by policymakers and can perpetuate ineffective implementation of IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Régis
- Health-Hub - Politics, Organizations and Law, University of Montreal, CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Denis
- Health-Hub - Politics, Organizations and Law, University of Montreal, CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Girard MA. Interprofessional education and collaborative practice policies and law: an international review and reflective questions. Hum Resour Health 2021; 19:9. [PMID: 33413464 PMCID: PMC7791710 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-020-00549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare is a complex sociolegal setting due to the number of policymakers, levels of governance and importance of policy interdependence. As a desirable care approach, collaborative practice (referred to as interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP)) is influenced by this complex policy environment from the beginning of professionals' education to their initiation of practice in healthcare settings. MAIN BODY Although data are available on the influence of policy and law on IPECP, published articles have tended to focus on a single aspect of policy or law, leading to the development of an interesting but incomplete picture. Through the use of two conceptual models and real-world examples, this review article allows IPECP promoters to identify policy issues that must be addressed to foster IPECP. Using a global approach, this article aims to foster reflection among promoters and stakeholders of IPECP on the global policy and law environment that influences IPECP implementation. CONCLUSION IPECP champions and stakeholders should be aware of the global policy and legal environment influencing the behaviors of healthcare workers to ensure the success of IPECP implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Andrée Girard
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
- Health Hub: Politics, Organizations and Law, Montreal, Canada.
- Faculty of Law, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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Rhondali O, Villeneuve E, Queyrel G, Delorme M, Vischoff D, Saindon S, Girard MA, Charest J, Mathews S. Fast-track recovery after day case surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2015; 25:1007-12. [PMID: 26095476 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fast-track recovery processes are implemented for pediatric day case surgery. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate postoperative comfort and parental satisfaction of children included in this process to improve quality of care. METHODS We included all children scheduled for superficial procedures or dental treatment outside the operating room. A questionnaire was explained to parents before hospital discharge to evaluate the first night at home. Postoperative comfort evaluation included postoperative pain score (FLACC scale), incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative behavior disorders. Incidence of posthospital behavior disturbance was evaluated measuring postoperative agitation at home, and disinterest with toys and games. Parental satisfaction was evaluated with a four-point Likert scale (1 = not satisfied at all, 2 = not satisfied, 3 = satisfied, 4 = very satisfied). RESULTS One hundred and forty-three questionnaires were returned to hospital. Despite reduced length of stay in short-stay unit after anesthesia (28 ± 34 min), we did not report serious complications, and global parental satisfaction was good about the care process. Pain scores (FLACC >3) were higher in the group scheduled for dental procedures, but were very low for the other superficial surgery. With an odd ratio of 5.8 (95% confidence interval 2-17; P = 0.001), postoperative behavior modification (agitation or disinterest with toys or games) was the strongest variable that can predict parental dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION Optimal pain management, better parental information about risks of postoperative behavior disturbances, and program integrating parent and child preparation should improve quality of care and global satisfaction in the fast-track recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossam Rhondali
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Hôpital Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Hôpital Mère Enfant, Lyon, France
| | - Edith Villeneuve
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Hôpital Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Géraldine Queyrel
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Hôpital Mère Enfant, Lyon, France
| | - Mijanou Delorme
- Clinical Research Unit. Hôpital Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Vischoff
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Hôpital Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Saindon
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Hôpital Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Andrée Girard
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Hôpital Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Charest
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Hôpital Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Mathews
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Hôpital Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Richter M, Bonneau R, Girard MA, Beaulieu C, Larivée P. Zinc status modulates bronchopulmonary eosinophil infiltration in a murine model of allergic inflammation. Chest 2003; 123:446S. [PMID: 12629032 DOI: 10.1378/chest.123.3_suppl.446s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Richter
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Farrah SR, Girard MA, Toranzos GA, Preston DR. Adsorption of viruses to diatomaceous earth modified by in situ precipitation of metallic salts. Z Gesamte Hyg 1988; 34:520-1. [PMID: 2850672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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