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Lunde PK, Manfra O, Støle TP, Lunde M, Martinsen M, Carlson CR, Louch WE. Polyarginine Cell-Penetrating Peptides Bind and Inhibit SERCA2. Cells 2023; 12:2358. [PMID: 37830576 PMCID: PMC10571751 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptide sequences that have the ability to cross the cell membrane and deliver cargo. Although it is critical that CPPs accomplish this task with minimal off-target effects, such actions have in many cases not been robustly screened. We presently investigated whether the commonly used CPPs TAT and the polyarginines Arg9 and Arg11 exert off-target effects on cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In experiments employing myocytes and homogenates from the cardiac left ventricle or soleus muscle, we observed marked inhibition of Ca2+ recycling into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) following incubation with polyarginine CPPs. In both tissues, the rate of SR Ca2+ leak remained unchanged, indicating that protracted Ca2+ removal from the cytosol stemmed from inhibition of the SR Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2). No such inhibition occurred following treatment with TAT, or in preparations from the SERCA1-expressing extensor digitorum longus muscle. Experiments in HEK cells overexpressing individual SERCA isoforms confirmed that polyarginine incubation specifically inhibited the activity of SERCA2a and 2b, but not SERCA1 or 3. The attenuation of SERCA2 activity was not dependent on the presence of phospholamban, and ELISA-based analyses rather revealed direct interaction between the polyarginines and the actuator domain of the protein. Surface plasmon resonance experiments confirmed strong binding within this region of SERCA2, and slow dissociation between the two species. Based on these observations, we urge caution when employing polyarginine CPPs. Indeed, as SERCA2 is expressed in diverse cell types, the wide-ranging consequences of SERCA2 binding and inhibition should be anticipated in both experimental and therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cathrine Rein Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (P.K.L.); (O.M.); (T.P.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (W.E.L.)
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2
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Martinsen M, Economopoulos S, Jakobsen M, Lein H, Diget J. Synthesis of PDMS/PEG graft-like and block copolymers via industrially relevant reverse iodine transfer polymerization. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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3
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Støle TP, Lunde M, Shen X, Martinsen M, Lunde PK, Li J, Lockwood F, Sjaastad I, Louch WE, Aronsen JM, Christensen G, Carlson CR. The female syndecan-4−/− heart has smaller cardiomyocytes, augmented insulin/pSer473-Akt/pSer9-GSK-3β signaling, and lowered SCOP, pThr308-Akt/Akt and GLUT4 levels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:908126. [PMID: 36092718 PMCID: PMC9452846 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.908126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In cardiac muscle, the ubiquitously expressed proteoglycan syndecan-4 is involved in the hypertrophic response to pressure overload. Protein kinase Akt signaling, which is known to regulate hypertrophy, has been found to be reduced in the cardiac muscle of exercised male syndecan-4−/− mice. In contrast, we have recently found that pSer473-Akt signaling is elevated in the skeletal muscle (tibialis anterior, TA) of female syndecan-4−/− mice. To determine if the differences seen in Akt signaling are sex specific, we have presently investigated Akt signaling in the cardiac muscle of sedentary and exercised female syndecan-4−/− mice. To get deeper insight into the female syndecan-4−/− heart, alterations in cardiomyocyte size, a wide variety of different extracellular matrix components, well-known syndecan-4 binding partners and associated signaling pathways have also been investigated.Methods: Left ventricles (LVs) from sedentary and exercise trained female syndecan-4−/− and WT mice were analyzed by immunoblotting and real-time PCR. Cardiomyocyte size and phosphorylated Ser473-Akt were analyzed in isolated adult cardiomyocytes from female syndecan-4−/− and WT mice by confocal imaging. LV and skeletal muscle (TA) from sedentary male syndecan-4−/− and WT mice were immunoblotted with Akt antibodies for comparison. Glucose levels were measured by a glucometer, and fasting blood serum insulin and C-peptide levels were measured by ELISA.Results: Compared to female WT hearts, sedentary female syndecan-4−/− LV cardiomyocytes were smaller and hearts had higher levels of pSer473-Akt and its downstream target pSer9-GSK-3β. The pSer473-Akt inhibitory phosphatase PHLPP1/SCOP was lowered, which may be in response to the elevated serum insulin levels found in the female syndecan-4−/− mice. We also observed lowered levels of pThr308-Akt/Akt and GLUT4 in the female syndecan-4−/− heart and an increased LRP6 level after exercise. Otherwise, few alterations were found. The pThr308-Akt and pSer473-Akt levels were unaltered in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of sedentary male syndecan-4−/− mice.Conclusion: Our data indicate smaller cardiomyocytes, an elevated insulin/pSer473-Akt/pSer9-GSK-3β signaling pathway, and lowered SCOP, pThr308-Akt/Akt and GLUT4 levels in the female syndecan-4−/− heart. In contrast, cardiomyocyte size, and Akt signaling were unaltered in both cardiac and skeletal muscles from male syndecan-4−/− mice, suggesting important sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Parsberg Støle
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Thea Parsberg Støle,
| | - Marianne Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xin Shen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marita Martinsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Lockwood
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William Edward Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Rein Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Mathiesen SB, Lunde M, Stensland M, Martinsen M, Nyman TA, Christensen G, Carlson CR. The Cardiac Syndecan-2 Interactome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:792. [PMID: 32984315 PMCID: PMC7483480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is important in cardiac remodeling and syndecans have gained increased interest in this process due to their ability to convert changes in the ECM to cell signaling. In particular, syndecan-4 has been shown to be important for cardiac remodeling, whereas the role of its close relative syndecan-2 is largely unknown in the heart. To get more insight into the role of syndecan-2, we here sought to identify interaction partners of syndecan-2 in rat left ventricle. By using three different affinity purification methods combined with mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, we identified 30 novel partners and 9 partners previously described in the literature, which together make up the first cardiac syndecan-2 interactome. Eleven of the novel partners were also verified in HEK293 cells (i.e., AP2A2, CAVIN2, DDX19A, EIF4E, JPH2, MYL12A, NSF, PFDN2, PSMC5, PSMD11, and RRAD). The cardiac syndecan-2 interactome partners formed connections to each other and grouped into clusters mainly involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and protein metabolism, but also into a cluster consisting of a family of novel syndecan-2 interaction partners, the CAVINs. MS analyses revealed that although syndecan-2 was significantly enriched in fibroblast fractions, most of its partners were present in both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Finally, a comparison of the cardiac syndecan-2 and -4 interactomes revealed surprisingly few protein partners in common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bech Mathiesen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Stensland
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marita Martinsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Rein Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Mathiesen SB, Lunde M, Aronsen JM, Romaine A, Kaupang A, Martinsen M, de Souza GA, Nyman TA, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Carlson CR. The cardiac syndecan-4 interactome reveals a role for syndecan-4 in nuclear translocation of muscle LIM protein (MLP). J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8717-8731. [PMID: 30967474 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Costameres are signaling hubs at the sarcolemma and important contact points between the extracellular matrix and cell interior, sensing and transducing biomechanical signals into a cellular response. The transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-4 localizes to these attachment points and has been shown to be important in the initial stages of cardiac remodeling, but its mechanistic function in the heart remains insufficiently understood. Here, we sought to map the cardiac interactome of syndecan-4 to better understand its function and downstream signaling mechanisms. By combining two different affinity purification methods with MS analysis, we found that the cardiac syndecan-4 interactome consists of 21 novel and 29 previously described interaction partners. Nine of the novel partners were further validated to bind syndecan-4 in HEK293 cells (i.e. CAVIN1/PTRF, CCT5, CDK9, EIF2S1, EIF4B, MPP7, PARVB, PFKM, and RASIP). We also found that 19 of the 50 interactome partners bind differently to syndecan-4 in the left ventricle lysate from aortic-banded heart failure (ABHF) rats compared with SHAM-operated animals. One of these partners was the well-known mechanotransducer muscle LIM protein (MLP), which showed direct and increased binding to syndecan-4 in ABHF. Nuclear translocation is important in MLP-mediated signaling, and we found less MLP in the nuclear-enriched fractions from syndecan-4-/- mouse left ventricles but increased nuclear MLP when syndecan-4 was overexpressed in a cardiomyocyte cell line. In the presence of a cell-permeable syndecan-4-MLP disruptor peptide, the nuclear MLP level was reduced. These findings suggest that syndecan-4 mediates nuclear translocation of MLP in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bech Mathiesen
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo
| | - Marianne Lunde
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo.,the Bjørknes College, 0456 Oslo
| | - Andreas Romaine
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, and
| | - Anita Kaupang
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo
| | - Marita Martinsen
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo
| | - Gustavo Antonio de Souza
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, and
| | - Geir Christensen
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, and
| | - Cathrine Rein Carlson
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo,
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Lubelwana Hafver T, Wanichawan P, Manfra O, de Souza GA, Lunde M, Martinsen M, Louch WE, Sejersted OM, Carlson CR. Mapping the in vitro interactome of cardiac sodium (Na + )-calcium (Ca 2+ ) exchanger 1 (NCX1). Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28755400 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The sodium (Na+ )-calcium (Ca2+ ) exchanger 1 (NCX1) is an antiporter membrane protein encoded by the SLC8A1 gene. In the heart, it maintains cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis, serving as the primary mechanism for Ca2+ extrusion during relaxation. Dysregulation of NCX1 is observed in end-stage human heart failure. In this study, we used affinity purification coupled with MS in rat left ventricle lysates to identify novel NCX1 interacting proteins in the heart. Two screens were conducted using: (1) anti-NCX1 against endogenous NCX1 and (2) anti-His (where His is histidine) with His-trigger factor-NCX1cyt recombinant protein as bait. The respective methods identified 112 and 350 protein partners, of which several were known NCX1 partners from the literature, and 29 occurred in both screens. Ten novel protein partners (DYRK1A, PPP2R2A, SNTB1, DMD, RABGGTA, DNAJB4, BAG3, PDE3A, POPDC2, STK39) were validated for binding to NCX1, and two partners (DYRK1A, SNTB1) increased NCX1 activity when expressed in HEK293 cells. A cardiac NCX1 protein-protein interaction map was constructed. The map was highly connected, containing distinct clusters of proteins with different biological functions, where "cell communication" and "signal transduction" formed the largest clusters. The NCX1 interactome was also significantly enriched with proteins/genes involved in "cardiovascular disease" which can be explored as novel drug targets in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandekile Lubelwana Hafver
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pimthanya Wanichawan
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ornella Manfra
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gustavo Antonio de Souza
- Department of Immunology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital HF Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Brain Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Instituto Metrópole Digital, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marianne Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marita Martinsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William Edward Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Mathias Sejersted
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Rein Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Carlson CR, Hafver TL, Wanichawan P, Lunde M, Martinsen M, de Souza GA, Sejersted OM. Abstract 380: Mapping the i
n vitro
Interactome of the Cardiac Sodium-Calcium Exchanger 1. Circ Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/res.121.suppl_1.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sodium (Na
+
)-calcium (Ca
2+
) exchanger 1 (NCX1) is an antiporter membrane protein encoded by the
SLC8A1
gene. In the heart, it maintains cytosolic Ca
2+
homeostasis, serving as the primary mechanism for Ca
2+
extrusion during relaxation. Dysregulation of NCX1 is observed in end-stage human heart failure. In this study we used affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry in rat left ventricle lysates to identify novel NCX1 interacting proteins in the heart. Two screens were conducted using: 1) anti-NCX1 against endogenous NCX1 and 2) anti-His
with His-TF-NCX1
cyt
recombinant protein as bait. The respective methods identified 112 and 350 protein partners, of which several were known NCX1 partners from the literature and 29 occurred in both screens. Selected protein partners were validated for binding to NCX1 expressed in HEK293 cells. A cardiac NCX1 protein-protein interaction map was constructed. The map was highly connected, containing distinct clusters of proteins with different biological functions, where cell communication and signal transduction formed the largest clusters. The NCX1 interactome was also significantly enriched with proteins/genes involved in cardiovascular disease. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of these protein partners in future studies may aid in elucidation of NCX1 regulation and facilitate selective therapeutic targeting of NCX1.
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Hafver TL, Hodne K, Wanichawan P, Aronsen JM, Dalhus B, Lunde PK, Lunde M, Martinsen M, Enger UH, Fuller W, Sjaastad I, Louch WE, Sejersted OM, Carlson CR. Protein Phosphatase 1c Associated with the Cardiac Sodium Calcium Exchanger 1 Regulates Its Activity by Dephosphorylating Serine 68-phosphorylated Phospholemman. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4561-79. [PMID: 26668322 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.677898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium (Na(+))-calcium (Ca(2+)) exchanger 1 (NCX1) is an important regulator of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Serine 68-phosphorylated phospholemman (pSer-68-PLM) inhibits NCX1 activity. In the context of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) regulation, pSer-68-PLM is dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 also associates with NCX1; however, the molecular basis of this association is unknown. In this study, we aimed to analyze the mechanisms of PP1 targeting to the NCX1-pSer-68-PLM complex and hypothesized that a direct and functional NCX1-PP1 interaction is a prerequisite for pSer-68-PLM dephosphorylation. Using a variety of molecular techniques, we show that PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c) co-localized, co-fractionated, and co-immunoprecipitated with NCX1 in rat cardiomyocytes, left ventricle lysates, and HEK293 cells. Bioinformatic analysis, immunoprecipitations, mutagenesis, pulldown experiments, and peptide arrays constrained PP1c anchoring to the K(I/V)FF motif in the first Ca(2+) binding domain (CBD) 1 in NCX1. This binding site is also partially in agreement with the extended PP1-binding motif K(V/I)FF-X5-8Φ1Φ2-X8-9-R. The cytosolic loop of NCX1, containing the K(I/V)FF motif, had no effect on PP1 activity in an in vitro assay. Dephosphorylation of pSer-68-PLM in HEK293 cells was not observed when NCX1 was absent, when the K(I/V)FF motif was mutated, or when the PLM- and PP1c-binding sites were separated (mimicking calpain cleavage of NCX1). Co-expression of PLM and NCX1 inhibited NCX1 current (both modes). Moreover, co-expression of PLM with NCX1(F407P) (mutated K(I/V)FF motif) resulted in the current being completely abolished. In conclusion, NCX1 is a substrate-specifying PP1c regulator protein, indirectly regulating NCX1 activity through pSer-68-PLM dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandekile Lubelwana Hafver
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway, the Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pimthanya Wanichawan
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Dalhus
- the Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway, the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway and
| | - Per Kristian Lunde
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Lunde
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marita Martinsen
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Helene Enger
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - William Fuller
- the Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom DD1 9SY
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - William Edward Louch
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Mathias Sejersted
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Rein Carlson
- From the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway, the KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway,
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Abstract
The purpose was to examine cigarette smoking, use of snus, alcohol, and performance-enhancing illicit drugs among adolescent elite athletes and controls, and possible gender and sport group differences. First-year students at 16 Norwegian Elite Sport High Schools (n = 677) and two randomly selected high schools (controls, n = 421) were invited to participate. Totally, 602 athletes (89%) and 354 (84%) controls completed the questionnaire. More controls than athletes were smoking, using snus, and drinking alcohol. Competing in team sports was associated with use of snus [odds ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6 to 4.7] and a similar percentage of male and female handball (22.2% vs 18.8%) and soccer players (15.7% vs 15.0%) reported using snus. For controls, not participating in organized sport was a predictor for smoking (odds ratio = 4.9, 95% CI 2.2 to 10.9). Female athletes were more prone to drink alcohol than males (46.3% vs 31.0%, P < 0.001). Only, 1.2% athletes and 2.8% controls reported use of performance-enhancing illicit drugs. In conclusion, use of legal drugs is less common among athletes, but this relationship depends on type of sport and competition level. The association between team sports and use of snus suggests that sport subcultures play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinsen
- Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Martinsen M, Bratland-Sanda S, Eriksson AK, Sundgot-Borgen J. Dieting to win or to be thin? A study of dieting and disordered eating among adolescent elite athletes and non-athlete controls. Br J Sports Med 2009; 44:70-6. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.068668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Engebraaten O, Hjortland GO, Martinsen M, Halvorsen T, Fodstad Ø, Ree AH. Establishment and characterization of two breast cancer xenografts in immunodeficient mice for studies on hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumor growth, progression and invasion. Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233541 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Flatmark K, Maelandsmo GM, Martinsen M, Rasmussen H, Fodstad Ø. Twelve colorectal cancer cell lines exhibit highly variable growth and metastatic capacities in an orthotopic model in nude mice. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:1593-8. [PMID: 15196545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2003] [Revised: 02/19/2004] [Accepted: 02/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic tumour models for colorectal cancer are a complementary tool for the study of tumours in vivo. They are more closely related to human cancer than are subcutaneous tumour models, since evaluation of spontaneous metastasis formation is possible. In the present study, fragments of subcutaneous xenografts established from 12 well-described and generally available colorectal cancer cell lines were implanted in the caecum of nude mice and tumour growth and metastatic events registered. The results showed considerable differences between the cell lines with respect to take rate, tumour growth and metastatic ability. This resulted in variable disease progression that seemingly reflects clinically relevant heterogeneity. The most common metastatic findings were mesenteric lymph-node metastases, occurring at variable frequency in tumour-bearing mice with 10 out of 12 cell lines, whereas only one line gave rise to liver metastases, in two of 10 animals. The study provides useful background information on the 12 colorectal cancer cell lines in a clinically relevant orthotopic tumour model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Tumor Biology and Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway.
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Breistøl K, Balzarini J, Sandvold ML, Myhren F, Martinsen M, De Clercq E, Fodstad O. Antitumor activity of P-4055 (elaidic acid-cytarabine) compared to cytarabine in metastatic and s.c. human tumor xenograft models. Cancer Res 1999; 59:2944-9. [PMID: 10383159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The antineoplastic efficacy of P-4055, a 5'-elaidic acid (C18:1, unsaturated fatty acid) ester of cytarabine, a nucleoside antimetabolite frequently used in the treatment of hematological malignancies, was examined in several in vivo models for human cancer. In initial dose-finding studies in nude mice, the efficacy of P-4055 was highest when using schedules with repeated daily doses. In a Raji Burkitt's lymphoma leptomeningeal carcinomatosis model in nude rats, the control cytarabine- and saline-treated animals (five in each group) had a mean survival time of 13.2 days, whereas treatment with P-4055 resulted in three of five long-time survivors (>70 days). In a systemic Raji leukemia model in nude mice, 8 of 10 of the P-4055-treated animals survived (>80 days), compared with none of the cytarabine-treated animals (mean survival time, 34.2 days). In s.c. xenograft models, the effects of maximum tolerated doses of P-4055 and cytarabine, given in four weekly cycles of daily bolus i.v. injections for 5 subsequent days, against seven tumors (three melanomas, one lung adenocarcinoma, one breast cancer, and two osteogenic sarcomas) were investigated. P-4055 induced partial or complete tumor regression of the lung carcinoma, as well as of all three malignant melanomas. In two of the melanomas the activity was highly superior to that of cytarabine, and both P-4055 and cytarabine were, in general, more effective than several clinically established drugs previously tested in the same tumor models. In in vitro studies, inhibitors of nucleoside carrier-dependent transport, nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside and dipyridamol, reduced strongly the cellular sensitivity to cytarabine, but not to P-4055, indicating that P-4055 uses an alternative/additional mechanism of internalization into the cell compared with cytarabine. The results explain, at least in part, the observed differences between the two compounds in in vivo efficacy, and together the data strongly support the evaluation of P-4055 in clinical studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Biological Transport/drug effects
- Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Cytarabine/analogs & derivatives
- Cytarabine/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration & dosage
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia L1210/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Experimental/drug therapy
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Nucleoside Transport Proteins
- Rats
- Rats, Nude
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- K Breistøl
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo
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