[Changes of redox processes in liver under pv-88 at experimental hemorrhagic shock]

PV-88 is the Ca2+ L channel blocker from pyrrole compounds, that has been used at hemorrhagic shock - HS (model of Shock was created by the method of (Wiggers-Feine) on 60th minute (intravenous administration, 3 mg/kg). Mean arterial pressure was 40 mmHg. Effects were studied on 80th minute after blood letting. Blood was exfused 40 ml/kg. Effect of PV-88 on redox processes in liver was studied. Experiments were carried out on male cats. Right lobe of the liver and the metabolic indices: ATP, CO, NAD, NADP, ALP, SDH, LDH were studied with the use of histochemistry (Pearse). Investigations have shown that on 80th minute after PV-88 administration CO (p<0.05), NADP (p<0.05), ALP (p<0.001), SDH (p<0.05), and LDH (p>0.05) were increased, while ATP (p<0.001) and NAD (p<0.001) were decreased. Increase in LDH was not statistically significant. According to the results of investigations, after administration of PV-88 at HS 60 on 80th minute, in liver increases oxygen concentration and aerobic process respectively.

Incidence and risk factors of nosocomial infections after cardiac surgery in Georgian population with congenital heart diseases

Nosocomial infections still remain a serious problem in patients undergoing open heart surgery. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence, etiology and main risk factors of nosocomial infections (NI) following cardiac surgery in congenital heart diseases population. Retrospective case study was conducted. 387 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), who underwent cardiac surgery from January 2007 to December 2008 were studied. The age of the most patients varied between 1 day to 15 years, 73 patients (18,8%) were older than 15 years. All 387 patients underwent cardiac surgery. The rate of NI was 16%. The most common infections were bloodstream infections (BSI) (7,75%) and respiratory tract infections (7%) respectively. The rate of NI was higher in patients under 1 year of age, after urgent surgery and urgent reoperation, long cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamp time, also in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation, massive haemotransfusion, with open heart bone after surgery, reintubation, hospitalization in another hospital during last three month. It was concluded that the most common nosocomial infection after cardiac surgery congenital heart diseases in Georgian population was blood stream infection. The main risk factors of NI in the same setting were age under 1 year, urgent surgery, urgent reoperation, long CPB and aortic cross-clamp time, long duration of mechanical ventilation, massive haemotransfusion, open heart bone after surgery, reintubation, hospitalization in another hospital during last three month.

[Effect of toluene on stability of chromatin of white rat hippocampus and olfactory bulb in vivo. Microcalorimetric study]

The denaturation heat parameters of hippocampus and olfactory bulb nodulus tissues were determined. The total denaturation heat calculated from the areas of endotherms I-IX onto which the dependence deltaH = f(T) is factorized equals to 13.03 +/- 1.3 J/g for bulb nodules and 9.91 J/g for the hippocampus. It was shown that chromatin in the composition of tissues had two stages of denaturation with the following parameters: for bulb nodules: Td(VIII) = 99.4 degrees C, Qd(VIII) = 62.3 +/- 0.8 J/g DNA, Td = (IX) = 106 degrees C, Qd = 28.8 ; 0.4 J/g DNA; and for hippocampus: Td(VIII) = 95 degrees C; Qd(VIII) = 62.0 +/- 9 J/g. Td(IX) - 107 degrees C; Qd(IX) = 29.0 +/- 4.5 J/g DNA. It was established that, along with denaturation of cytoplasmatic structures, nonhistone, nuclear proteins and damage to the nuclear matrix, toluene caused the redistribution of heat between endotherms IX, VIII, VIII(I) connected with the infolding of chromatin loops and 30-nm fibers. It is supposed that toluene causes the damage to the genetic material due to not only its oxidative influence on chromatin DNA but also the disturbance of nuclear matrix structural organization and partial denaturation of nuclear proteins of non-histone origin.

Controlling Nano-to-Microscale Multilevel Architecture in Polymeric Microfibers through Polymerization-Induced Spontaneous Phase Separation

Hierarchically structured polymeric fibers, composed of structural nanoscale motifs that assemble into a microscale fiber are frequently found in natural fibers including cellulose and silk. The creation of synthetic fibers with nano-to-microscale hierarchical structures represents a promising avenue for the development of novel fabrics with distinctive physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for creating polyamine-based core-sheath microfibers with controlled hierarchical architectures. This approach involves a polymerization-induced spontaneous phase separation and subsequent chemical fixation. Through the use of various polyamines, the phase separation process can be manipulated to produce fibers with diverse porous core architectures, ranging from densely packed nanospheres to segmented "bamboo-stem" morphology. Moreover, the nitrogen-rich surface of the core enables both the chemisorption of heavy metals and the physisorption of proteins and enzymes. Our method offers a new set of tools for the production of polymeric fibers with novel hierarchical morphologies, which has a high potential for a wide range of applications such as filtering, separation, and catalysis.

IMPACT OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON HUMAN HEALTH

This paper presents statistical data of 2012-2015 on the diseases caused by the atmospheric air and water pollutions in Ajara region. The research on the content of dust, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide as well as carbon monoxide in the atmospheric air was held together with the National Environment Agency Ajara Monitoring Service. The results of the research have shown that the average content of the dust reached its maximum in 2012 (0.60 mg/m3) and it dropped to the minimum in 2015 (0.441 mg/m3). As for average content of carbon monoxide the maximum was observed in 2013 (3.1 mg/m3) and minimum in 2015 (2.1 mg/m3). Average content of the sulfur dioxide was at maximum in 2015 (0.159 mg/m3) and at minimum in 2012 (0.07 mg/m3). The average content of nitrogen dioxide reached its maximum in 2015 (0.153 mg/m3) and was found to be at its minimum in 2012 (0.13 mg/m3). In parallel statistical research of the registered diseases (chronic and undetermined bronchitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis and trachea/bronchi/lung malignant cancer) in Ajara during 2012-2015 has been performed. These diseases were especially common among the population over the age of 40. It may be concluded that in 2015 the cases of diseases caused by the atmospheric air pollution in Ajara have become more frequent compared to the previous years. Therefore, it is evident that monitoring of atmosphere air should be improved and corresponding preventive measures should be undertaken.

The role of permanent invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure in the treatment of infants with posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation after intraventricular haemorrhage (case report)

Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) is a major complication of intraventricular haemorrhages in very preterm infants. Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation is associated with a high rate of disability, multiple impairments and adverse effects of shunt surgery for hydrocephalus. It may lead to an impaired neurological prognosis, caused by a raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and concomitant decreased cerebral blood perfusion. Therefore, early intervention to decrease the ICP may improve the long term outcome. Different treatment modalities have been studied, of which repetitive removal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seems to be the only effective one. Studies performed in several institutions showed, that intermittent CSF drainage in very preterm infants with PHVD is an effective way to treat increased ICP and its negative effect on cerebral blood perfusion. The cut off point for CSF drainage is about 6.0 cm H(2)O ICP, as drainage below that level no longer results in improvement in perfusion. From this single case study it can be concluded, that in preterm infants with PHVD, repetitive CSF tapping from a ventricular access device guided by ICP measurements and ICP targeted treatment strategy is a useful technique for determining the frequency and volume of CSF removal. In neonatal intensive care units with poor capabilities and resources this is possible even by placing the simple intravenous single lumen catheter.