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Odell LR, Jones NC, Chau N, Robertson MJ, Ambrus JI, Deane FM, Young KA, Whiting A, Xue J, Prichard K, Daniel JA, Gorgani NN, O'Brien TJ, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. The sulfonadyns: a class of aryl sulfonamides inhibiting dynamin I GTPase and clathrin mediated endocytosis are anti-seizure in animal models. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1492-1511. [PMID: 37593570 PMCID: PMC10429932 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that dansylcadaverine (1) a known in-cell inhibitor of clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME), moderately inhibits dynamin I (dynI) GTPase activity (IC50 45 μM) and transferrin (Tfn) endocytosis in U2OS cells (IC50 205 μM). Synthesis gave a new class of GTP-competitive dynamin inhibitors, the Sulfonadyns™. The introduction of a terminal cinnamyl moiety greatly enhanced dynI inhibition. Rigid diamine or amide links between the dansyl and cinnamyl moieties were detrimental to dynI inhibition. Compounds with in vitro inhibition of dynI activity <10 μM were tested in-cell for inhibition of CME. These data unveiled a number of compounds, e.g. analogues 33 ((E)-N-(6-{[(3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propen-1-yl]amino}hexyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide)) and 47 ((E)-N-(3-{[3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propen-1-yl]amino}propyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide)isomers that showed dyn IC50 <4 μM, IC50(CME) <30 μM and IC50(SVE) from 12-265 μM. Both analogues (33 and 47) are at least 10 times more potent that the initial lead, dansylcadaverine (1). Enzyme kinetics revealed these sulfonamide analogues as being GTP competitive inhibitors of dynI. Sulfonadyn-47, the most potent SVE inhibitor observed (IC50(SVE) = 12.3 μM), significantly increased seizure threshold in a 6 Hz mouse psychomotor seizure test at 30 (p = 0.003) and 100 mg kg-1 ip (p < 0.0001), with similar anti-seizure efficacy to the established anti-seizure medication, sodium valproate (400 mg kg-1). The Sulfonadyn™ class of drugs target dynamin and show promise as novel leads for future anti-seizure medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Odell
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital Commercial Road Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Mark J Robertson
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Joseph I Ambrus
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Fiona M Deane
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Kelly A Young
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Ainslie Whiting
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Jing Xue
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Kate Prichard
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - James A Daniel
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Nick N Gorgani
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital Commercial Road Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
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Odell LR, Robertson MJ, Young KA, McGeachie AB, Quan A, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. Prodrugs of the Archetypal Dynamin Inhibitor Bis-T-22. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200400. [PMID: 36351775 PMCID: PMC10947042 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Bis-T series of compounds comprise some of the most potent inhibitors of dynamin GTPase activity yet reported, e. g., (2E,2'E)-N,N'-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylamide) (2), Bis-T-22. The catechol moieties are believed to limit cell permeability, rendering these compounds largely inactive in cells. To solve this problem, a prodrug strategy was envisaged and eight ester analogues were synthesised. The shortest and bulkiest esters (acetate and butyl/tert-butyl) were found to be insoluble under physiological conditions, whilst the remaining five were soluble and stable under these conditions. These five were analysed for plasma stability and half-lives ranged from ∼2.3 min (propionic ester 4), increasing with size and bulk, to greater than 24 hr (dimethyl carbamate 10). Similar profiles where observed with the rate of formation of Bis-T-22 with half-lives ranging from ∼25 mins (propionic ester 4). Propionic ester 4 was chosen to undergo further testing and was found to inhibit endocytosis in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 ∼8 μM, suggesting this compound is able to effectively cross the cell membrane where it is rapidly hydrolysed to the desired Bis-T-22 parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Odell
- The University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghanNSW 2308Australia
- Present address: Department of Medicinal ChemistryUppsala UniversityBox 57475123UppsalaSweden
| | - Mark J Robertson
- The University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghanNSW 2308Australia
- Present address: Chemistry, College of Science & EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD 4814Australia
| | - Kelly A Young
- The University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghanNSW 2308Australia
| | - Andrew B. McGeachie
- Cell Signalling UnitChildren's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Sydney214 Hawkesbury RoadWestmeadNSW 2145Australia
| | - Annie Quan
- Cell Signalling UnitChildren's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Sydney214 Hawkesbury RoadWestmeadNSW 2145Australia
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Cell Signalling UnitChildren's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Sydney214 Hawkesbury RoadWestmeadNSW 2145Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- The University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghanNSW 2308Australia
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Welter RA, Santana H, le ta Torre LG, Robertson MJ, Taranto OP, Oelgemöller M. Methyl oleate synthesis by TiO2‐photocatalytic esterification of oleic acid: optimisation by Response surface quadratic methodology, reaction kinetics and thermodynamics. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosilene Andrea Welter
- James Cook University College of Science and Engineering 1James Cook DriveDouglas 4814 Townsville AUSTRALIA
| | - Harrson Santana
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Campus Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz: Universidade Estadual de Campinas Engenharia Química Avenida Albert Einstein500Cidade UniversitáriaBarão Geraldo 13083-852 Campinas BRAZIL
| | - Lucimara Gaziola le ta Torre
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Campus Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz: Universidade Estadual de Campinas Engenharia Química 500Avenida Albert EinsteinCidade UniversitáriaBarão Geraldo 13083-852 Campinas BRAZIL
| | - Mark J. Robertson
- James Cook University College of Science and Engineering 1James Cook DriveDouglas 4811 Townsville AUSTRALIA
| | - Osvaldir Pereira Taranto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Campus Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz: Universidade Estadual de Campinas Engenharia Quimica 500Avenida Albert EinsteinCidade UniversitáriaBarão Geraldo 13083-852 Campinas BRAZIL
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- Hochschule Fresenius gGmbH: Hochschule Fresenius gGmbH Faculty of Chemistry and Biology 2Limburger Str D-65510 Idstein GERMANY
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Wau JS, Robertson MJ, Oelgemöller M. Solar Photooxygenations for the Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals-Technologies and Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:1685. [PMID: 33802876 PMCID: PMC8002662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photooxygenation reactions involving singlet oxygen (1O2) are utilized industrially as a mild and sustainable access to oxygenated products. Due to the usage of organic dyes as photosensitizers, these transformations can be successfully conducted using natural sunlight. Modern solar chemical reactors enable outdoor operations on the demonstration (multigram) to technical (multikilogram) scales and have subsequently been employed for the manufacturing of fine chemicals such as fragrances or biologically active compounds. This review will highlight examples of solar photooxygenations for the manufacturing of industrially relevant target compounds and will discuss current challenges and opportunities of this sustainable methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson S. Wau
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (J.S.W.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Mark J. Robertson
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (J.S.W.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (J.S.W.); (M.J.R.)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Mihalas BP, Redgrove KA, Bernstein IR, Robertson MJ, McCluskey A, Nixon B, Holt JE, McLaughlin EA, Sutherland JM. Dynamin 2-dependent endocytosis is essential for mouse oocyte development and fertility. FASEB J 2020; 34:5162-5177. [PMID: 32065700 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902184r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During folliculogenesis, oocytes are dependent on metabolic and molecular support from surrounding somatic cells. Here, we examined the role of the dynamin (DNM) family of mechanoenzymes in mediating endocytotic uptake into growing follicular oocytes. We found DNM1 and DNM2 to be highly expressed in growing follicular oocytes as well as in mature germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes. Moreover, oocyte-specific conditional knockout (cKO) of DNM2 (DNM2Δ) led to complete sterility, with follicles arresting at the preantral stage of development. In addition, DNM2Δ ovaries were characterized by disrupted follicular growth as well as oocyte and follicle apoptosis. Further, the loss of DNM activity, either through DNM2 cKO or through pharmacological inhibition (Dyngo 6a) led to the impairment of endocytotic pathways in preantral oocytes as well as in mature GV and MII oocytes, respectively. Loss of DNM activity resulted in the redistribution of endosomes and the misslocalization of clathrin and actin, suggesting dysfunctional endocytosis. Notably, there was no observable effect on the fertility of DNM1Δ females. Our study has provided new insight into the complex and dynamic nature of oocyte growth during folliculogenesis, suggesting a role for DNM2 in mediating the endocytotic events that are essential for oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina P Mihalas
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medial Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate A Redgrove
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medial Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ilana R Bernstein
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medial Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark J Robertson
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medial Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Janet E Holt
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medial Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jessie M Sutherland
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medial Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Yaseen MA, Mumtaz S, Hunter RL, Wall D, Robertson MJ, Oelgemöller M. Continuous-Flow Photochemical Transformations of 1,4-Naphthoquinones and Phthalimides in a Concentrating Solar Trough Reactor. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of photochemical transformations has been successfully conducted under continuous-flow conditions in a concentrating solar trough reactor. Photoacylations and [2+2]-photocycloadditions involving 1,4-naphthoquinones gave the corresponding photoproducts in moderate to high yields with residence times of 70min. Likewise, acetone-sensitized photodecarboxylations involving phthalimides furnished the corresponding benzylated hydroxy phthalimidines in good to excellent yields and purity with residence times of 40min. Compared with corresponding exposures to direct sunlight conducted in a solar float, flow operation generally gave superior conversions and subsequent yields.
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Yaseen MA, Mumtaz S, Hunter RL, Wall D, Robertson MJ, Oelgemöller M. Corrigendum to: Continuous-Flow Photochemical Transformations of 1,4-Naphthoquinones and Phthalimides in a Concentrating Solar Trough Reactor. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20138_co] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of photochemical transformations has been successfully conducted under continuous-flow conditions in a concentrating solar trough reactor. Photoacylations and [2+2]-photocycloadditions involving 1,4-naphthoquinones gave the corresponding photoproducts in moderate to high yields with residence times of 70min. Likewise, acetone-sensitized photodecarboxylations involving phthalimides furnished the corresponding benzylated hydroxy phthalimidines in good to excellent yields and purity with residence times of 40min. Compared with corresponding exposures to direct sunlight conducted in a solar float, flow operation generally gave superior conversions and subsequent yields.
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Hunter R, Josland S, Moore J, Guthrie D, Robertson MJ, Oelgemöller M. Rapid Photochemical Reaction Studies under Continuous-flow Conditions in the Vapourtec UV-150 Reactor - A Technical Note. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272822666181109103342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hunter
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4911, Australia
| | - Sam Josland
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4911, Australia
| | - Joseph Moore
- Vapourtec Ltd., Park Farm Business Centre, Fornham St. Genevieve, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk IP28 6TS, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Guthrie
- Vapourtec Ltd., Park Farm Business Centre, Fornham St. Genevieve, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk IP28 6TS, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Robertson
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4911, Australia
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4911, Australia
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Abstract
Owing to their favourable photophysical and electrochemical properties, phthalimides undergo a variety of highly efficient photodecarboxylation reactions. These transformations have been applied to the synthesis of macrocyclic compounds as well as bioactive addition adducts. N-Acetoxyphthalimides are versatile precursors to imidyl and alkyl radicals through photodecarboxylation and have subsequently been used for a variety of coupling reactions. The generally mild reaction conditions make these reactions attractive for green chemical applications. The process protocols were successfully transferred to novel photoreactor devices, among these falling film or continuous flow reactors.
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Robertson MJ, Horatscheck A, Sauer S, von Kleist L, Baker JR, Stahlschmidt W, Nazaré M, Whiting A, Chau N, Robinson PJ, Haucke V, McCluskey A. 5-Aryl-2-(naphtha-1-yl)sulfonamido-thiazol-4(5H)-ones as clathrin inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:11266-11278. [PMID: 27853797 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02308h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of a (Z)-5-((6,8-dichloro-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (2), rhodanine-based lead that led to the Pitstop® 2 family of clathrin inhibitors is described herein. Head group substitution and bioisosteric replacement of the rhodanine core with a 2-aminothiazol-4(5H)-one scaffold eliminated off target dynamin activity. A series of N-substituents gave first phenylglycine (20, IC50 ∼ 20 μM) then phenyl (25, IC50 ∼ 7.1 μM) and 1-napthyl sulfonamide (26, Pitstop® 2 compound, IC50 ∼ 1.9 μM) analogues with good activity, validating this approach. A final library exploring the head group resulted in three analogues displaying either slight improvements or comparable activity (33, 38, and 29 with IC50 ∼ 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 μM respectively) and nine others with IC50 < 10 μM. These results were rationalized using in silico docking studies. Docking studies predicted enhanced Pitstop® 2 family binding, not a loss of binding, within the Pistop® groove of the reported clathrin mutant invalidating recent assumptions of poor selectivity for this family of clathrin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Robertson
- Chemistry, Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - André Horatscheck
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie & Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samantha Sauer
- Chemistry, Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Lisa von Kleist
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie & Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer R Baker
- Chemistry, Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Wiebke Stahlschmidt
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie & Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie & Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ainslie Whiting
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie & Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Ebel JD, Leroux SJ, Robertson MJ, Dempson JB. Whole body-element composition of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar influenced by migration direction and life stage in three distinct populations. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:2365-2374. [PMID: 27607331 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Body-element content was measured for three life stages of wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from three distinct Newfoundland populations as individuals crossed between freshwater and marine ecosystems. Life stage explained most of the variation in observed body-element concentration whereas river of capture explained very little variation. Element composition of downstream migrating post-spawn adults (i.e. kelts) and juvenile smolts were similar and the composition of these two life stages strongly differed from adults migrating upstream to spawn. Low variation within life stages and across populations suggests that S. salar may exert rheostatic control of their body-element composition. Additionally, observed differences in trace element concentration between adults and other life stages were probably driven by the high carbon concentration in adults because abundant elements, such as carbon, can strongly influence the observed concentrations of less abundant elements. Thus, understanding variation among individuals in trace elements composition requires the measurement of more abundant elements. Changes in element concentration with ontogeny have important consequences the role of fishes in ecosystem nutrient cycling and should receive further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Ebel
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - S J Leroux
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - M J Robertson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, 80 East White Hills Road, St John's, NL, A1C 5X1, Canada
| | - J B Dempson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, 80 East White Hills Road, St John's, NL, A1C 5X1, Canada
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Gupta P, Robertson MJ, Beam B, Gossett JM, Schmitz ML, Carroll CL, Edwards JD, Fortenberry JD, Butt W. Relationship of ECMO duration with outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery: a multi-institutional analysis. Minerva Anestesiol 2015; 81:619-627. [PMID: 25280142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are very sparse data on the outcomes of children receiving prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after cardiac surgery. This study was aimed to evaluate the association of ECMO duration with outcomes in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. METHODS Patients aged ≤18 years receiving ECMO after pediatric cardiac surgery (with or without cardiopulmonary bypass) at a PHIS-participating hospital (2004-2013) were included. De-identified data obtained from retrospective, observational dataset included demographic information, baseline characteristics, pre-ECMO risk factors, operation details, patient diagnoses, and center data. Outcomes evaluated included in-hospital mortality, length of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, and hospital charges. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to study the probability of study outcomes as a function of ECMO duration. RESULTS Nine hundred ninety-eight patients from 37 hospitals qualified for inclusion. The median duration of ECMO run was 4 days (IQR: 1.7). After adjusting for patient and center characteristics, there was 12% increase in the odds of mortality for every 24 hours increase in ECMO duration (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.18, P<0.001). Patients receiving longer duration of ECMO were associated with longer length of mechanical ventilation, longer length of ICU stay, longer length of hospital stay, and higher hospital charges. CONCLUSION Data from this large multicenter database suggest that longer duration of ECMO support after pediatric cardiac surgery is associated with worsening outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA -
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Robertson MJ, Deane FM, Stahlschmidt W, von Kleist L, Haucke V, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. Synthesis of the Pitstop family of clathrin inhibitors. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:1592-606. [PMID: 24922269 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes the synthesis of two classes of clathrin inhibitors, Pitstop 1 and Pitstop 2, along with two inactive analogs that can be used as negative controls (Pitstop inactive controls, Pitnot-2 and Pitnot-2-100). Pitstop-induced inhibition of clathrin TD function acutely interferes with clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), synaptic vesicle recycling and cellular entry of HIV, whereas clathrin-independent internalization pathways and secretory traffic proceed unperturbed; these reagents can, therefore, be used to investigate clathrin function, and they have potential pharmacological applications. Pitstop 1 is synthesized in two steps: sulfonation of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride and subsequent reaction with 4-amino(methyl)aniline. Pitnot-1 results from the reaction of 4-amino(methyl)aniline with commercially available 4-sulfo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride potassium salt. Reaction of 1-naphthalene sulfonyl chloride with pseudothiohydantoin followed by condensation with 4-bromobenzaldehyde yields Pitstop 2. The synthesis of the inactive control commences with the condensation of 4-bromobenzaldehyde with the rhodanine core. Thioketone methylation and displacement with 1-napthylamine affords the target compound. Although Pitstop 1-series compounds are not cell permeable, they can be used in biochemical assays or be introduced into cells via microinjection. The Pitstop 2-series compounds are cell permeable. The synthesis of these compounds does not require specialist equipment and can be completed in 3-4 d. Microwave irradiation can be used to reduce the synthesis time. The synthesis of the Pitstop 2 family is easily adaptable to enable the synthesis of related compounds such as Pitstop 2-100 and Pitnot-2-100. The procedures are also simple, efficient and amenable to scale-up, enabling cost-effective in-house synthesis for users of these inhibitor classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Robertson
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia. [2]
| | - Fiona M Deane
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia. [2]
| | - Wiebke Stahlschmidt
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie & Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa von Kleist
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie & Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie & Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Stahlschmidt W, Robertson MJ, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A, Haucke V. Clathrin terminal domain-ligand interactions regulate sorting of mannose 6-phosphate receptors mediated by AP-1 and GGA adaptors. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:4906-18. [PMID: 24407285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.535211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin plays important roles in intracellular membrane traffic including endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins and receptors and protein sorting between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes. Whether clathrin serves additional roles in receptor recycling, degradative sorting, or constitutive secretion has remained somewhat controversial. Here we have used acute pharmacological perturbation of clathrin terminal domain (TD) function to dissect the role of clathrin in intracellular membrane traffic. We report that internalization of major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) is inhibited in cells depleted of clathrin or its major clathrin adaptor complex 2 (AP-2), a phenotype mimicked by application of Pitstop® inhibitors of clathrin TD function. Hence, MHCI endocytosis occurs via a clathrin/AP-2-dependent pathway. Acute perturbation of clathrin also impairs the dynamics of intracellular clathrin/adaptor complex 1 (AP-1)- or GGA (Golgi-localized, γ-ear-containing, Arf-binding protein)-coated structures at the TGN/endosomal interface, resulting in the peripheral dispersion of mannose 6-phosphate receptors. By contrast, secretory traffic of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, recycling of internalized transferrin from endosomes, or degradation of EGF receptor proceeds unperturbed in cells with impaired clathrin TD function. These data indicate that clathrin is required for the function of AP-1- and GGA-coated carriers at the TGN but may be dispensable for outward traffic en route to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Stahlschmidt
- From the Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
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Hizartzidis L, Cossar PJ, Robertson MJ, Simone MI, Young KA, McCluskey A, Gordon CP. Expanding the utility of flow hydrogenation – a robust protocol restricting hydrodehalogenation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09605c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A commonly observed limitation of conducting hydrogenations under flow chemistry conditions is hydrodehalogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Hizartzidis
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan, Australia
| | - Peter J. Cossar
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan, Australia
| | - Mark J. Robertson
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan, Australia
| | - Michela I. Simone
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kelly A. Young
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan, Australia
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan, Australia
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group
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MacGregor KA, Robertson MJ, Young KA, von Kleist L, Stahlschmidt W, Whiting A, Chau N, Robinson PJ, Haucke V, McCluskey A. Development of 1,8-Naphthalimides as Clathrin Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 57:131-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4015263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A. MacGregor
- Chemistry,
Centre for Chemical Biology, The University of Newcastle, University
Drive, Callaghan, New South
Wales 2308 Australia
| | - Mark J. Robertson
- Chemistry,
Centre for Chemical Biology, The University of Newcastle, University
Drive, Callaghan, New South
Wales 2308 Australia
| | | | - Lisa von Kleist
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Freie Universität Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiebke Stahlschmidt
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Freie Universität Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ainslie Whiting
- Cell
Signaling Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell
Signaling Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Cell
Signaling Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Freie Universität Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry,
Centre for Chemical Biology, The University of Newcastle, University
Drive, Callaghan, New South
Wales 2308 Australia
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McCluskey A, Daniel JA, Hadzic G, Chau N, Clayton EL, Mariana A, Whiting A, Gorgani NN, Lloyd J, Quan A, Moshkanbaryans L, Krishnan S, Perera S, Chircop M, von Kleist L, McGeachie AB, Howes MT, Parton RG, Campbell M, Sakoff JA, Wang X, Sun JY, Robertson MJ, Deane FM, Nguyen TH, Meunier FA, Cousin MA, Robinson PJ. Building a better dynasore: the dyngo compounds potently inhibit dynamin and endocytosis. Traffic 2013; 14:1272-89. [PMID: 24025110 PMCID: PMC4138991 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin GTPase activity increases when it oligomerizes either into helices in the presence of lipid templates or into rings in the presence of SH3 domain proteins. Dynasore is a dynamin inhibitor of moderate potency (IC₅₀ ~ 15 μM in vitro). We show that dynasore binds stoichiometrically to detergents used for in vitro drug screening, drastically reducing its potency (IC₅₀ = 479 μM) and research tool utility. We synthesized a focused set of dihydroxyl and trihydroxyl dynasore analogs called the Dyngo™ compounds, five of which had improved potency, reduced detergent binding and reduced cytotoxicity, conferred by changes in the position and/or number of hydroxyl substituents. The Dyngo compound 4a was the most potent compound, exhibiting a 37-fold improvement in potency over dynasore for liposome-stimulated helical dynamin activity. In contrast, while dynasore about equally inhibited dynamin assembled in its helical or ring states, 4a and 6a exhibited >36-fold reduced activity against rings, suggesting that they can discriminate between helical or ring oligomerization states. 4a and 6a inhibited dynamin-dependent endocytosis of transferrin in multiple cell types (IC₅₀ of 5.7 and 5.8 μM, respectively), at least sixfold more potently than dynasore, but had no effect on dynamin-independent endocytosis of cholera toxin. 4a also reduced synaptic vesicle endocytosis and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis in cultured neurons and synaptosomes. Overall, 4a and 6a are improved and versatile helical dynamin and endocytosis inhibitors in terms of potency, non-specific binding and cytotoxicity. The data further suggest that the ring oligomerization state of dynamin is not required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Lewis C, Clotworthy M, Hilton S, Magee C, Robertson MJ, Stubbins LJ, Corfield J. Public views on the donation and use of human biological samples in biomedical research: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2013-003056. [PMID: 23929915 PMCID: PMC3740256 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A mixed methods study exploring the UK general public's willingness to donate human biosamples (HBSs) for biomedical research. SETTING Cross-sectional focus groups followed by an online survey. PARTICIPANTS Twelve focus groups (81 participants) selectively sampled to reflect a range of demographic groups; 1110 survey responders recruited through a stratified sampling method with quotas set on sex, age, geographical location, socioeconomic group and ethnicity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (1) Identify participants' willingness to donate HBSs for biomedical research, (2) explore acceptability towards donating different types of HBSs in various settings and (3) explore preferences regarding use and access to HBSs. RESULTS 87% of survey participants thought donation of HBSs was important and 75% wanted to be asked to donate in general. Responders who self-reported having some or good knowledge of the medical research process were significantly more likely to want to donate (p<0.001). Reasons why focus group participants saw donation as important included: it was a good way of reciprocating for the medical treatment received; it was an important way of developing drugs and treatments; residual tissue would otherwise go to waste and they or their family members might benefit. The most controversial types of HBSs to donate included: brain post mortem (29% would donate), eyes post mortem (35%), embryos (44%), spare eggs (48%) and sperm (58%). Regarding the use of samples, there were concerns over animal research (34%), research conducted outside the UK (35%), and research conducted by pharmaceutical companies (56%), although education and discussion were found to alleviate such concerns. CONCLUSIONS There is a high level of public support and willingness to donate HBSs for biomedical research. Underlying concerns exist regarding the use of certain types of HBSs and conditions under which they are used. Improved education and more controlled forms of consent for sensitive samples may mitigate such concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shona Hilton
- CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caroline Magee
- Confederation of Cancer Biobanks, National Cancer Research Institute, London, UK
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Lewis C, Clotworthy M, Hilton S, Magee C, Robertson MJ, Stubbins LJ, Corfield J. Consent for the use of human biological samples for biomedical research: a mixed methods study exploring the UK public's preferences. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2013-003022. [PMID: 23929914 PMCID: PMC3740244 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A mixed-methods study exploring the UK general public's views towards consent for the use of biosamples for biomedical research. SETTING Cross-sectional population-based focus groups followed by an online survey. PARTICIPANTS 12 focus groups (81 participants) selectively sampled to reflect a range of demographic groups; 1110 survey responders recruited through a stratified sampling method with quotas set on sex, age, geographical location, socioeconomic group and ethnicity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (1) Views on the importance of consent when donating residual biosamples for medical research; (2) preferences for opt-in or opt-out consent approaches and (3) preferences for different consent models. RESULTS Participants believed obtaining consent for use of residual biosamples was important as it was 'morally correct' to ask, and enabled people to make an active choice and retain control over their biosamples. Survey responders preferred opt-in consent (55%); the strongest predictor was being from a low socioeconomic group (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.57, p=0.001) and having a religious affiliation (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.81, p=0.04). Focus group participants had a slight preference for opt-out consent because by using this approach more biosamples would be available and facilitate research. Concerning preferred models of consent for research use of biosamples, survey responders preferred specific consent with recontact for each study for which their biosamples are eligible. Focus group participants preferred generic consent as it provided 'flexibility for researchers' and reduced the likelihood that biosamples would be wasted. The strongest predictor for preferring specific consent was preferring opt-in consent (OR 4.58, 95% CI 3.30 to 6.35, p=0.015) followed by non-'White' ethnicity (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.23 to 7.14, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is a preference among the UK public for ongoing choice and control over donated biosamples; however, increased knowledge and opportunity for discussion is associated with acceptance of less restrictive consent models for some people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Lewis
- Unit 4D Leroy House, Genetic Alliance UK, London, UK
| | | | - Shona Hilton
- Medical Research Council/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caroline Magee
- Confederation of Cancer Biobanks, National Cancer Research Institute, London, UK
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Gordon CP, Venn-Brown B, Robertson MJ, Young KA, Chau N, Mariana A, Whiting A, Chircop M, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. Development of Second-Generation Indole-Based Dynamin GTPase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 56:46-59. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300844m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Gordon
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical
Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University
of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Barbara Venn-Brown
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical
Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University
of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mark J. Robertson
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical
Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University
of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kelly A. Young
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical
Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University
of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signaling Unit and Cell
Cycle Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University
of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anna Mariana
- Cell Signaling Unit and Cell
Cycle Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University
of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ainslie Whiting
- Cell Signaling Unit and Cell
Cycle Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University
of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Megan Chircop
- Cell Signaling Unit and Cell
Cycle Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University
of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Cell Signaling Unit and Cell
Cycle Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University
of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical
Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University
of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Bremner JB, Keller PA, Pyne SG, Robertson MJ, Sakthivel K, Somphol K, Baylis D, Coates JA, Deadman J, Jeevarajah D, Rhodes DI. Binaphthyl-anchored antibacterial tripeptide derivatives with hydrophobic C-terminal amino acid variations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1265-70. [PMID: 23019457 PMCID: PMC3458747 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The facile synthesis of seven new dicationic tripeptide benzyl ester derivatives, with hydrophobic group variations in the C-terminal amino acid component, is described. Moderate to good activity was seen against Gram-positive bacteria in vitro. One cyclohexyl-substituted compound 2c was tested more widely and showed good potency (MIC values ranging from 2-4 μg/mL) against antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococci (VRE, VSE), and against Staphylococcus epidermidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Bremner
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Sakoff JA, Gilbert J, Tarleton M, Robertson MJ, McCluskey A. Abstract A127: A novel class of compounds that selectively target (ER +ve) breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-11-a127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Estrogens play an important role in breast cancer development, with approximately 60% of premenopausal and 75% of postmenopausal breast cancer patients having estrogen-dependent carcinomas. In recent decades endocrine therapy has emerged for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer, including aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole) and estrogen receptor antagonists (tamoxifen). However, drug resistance is often induced by these therapies, tumor selectivity is sometimes poor with non-tumor populations being affected, and target selectivity is also a problem with “off-target-effects” culminating in adverse toxicities and/or limited efficacy.
For the past ten years collaboration between the Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital and the University of Newcastle (Australia) has seen the development of many small molecule drugs for the treatment of malignancy. Our recent findings have discovered a family of 2-phenylacrylonitriles showing growth inhibition against a panel of human cancer derived cell lines. Focused library approaches facilitated the identification of a simple pharmacophore, comprising two terminal aromatic moieties linked via a conjugated cyano moiety. Multiple libraries led to the discovery of two key compounds, MT-CN-07 and MT-CN-18. Both exhibit broad spectrum growth inhibition with GI50 values of 3.2–46μM and 3.1–69μM, respectively, in a panel of nine human cancer cell lines derived from colon, ovarian, lung, skin, prostate and pancreatic carcinomas, neuroblastoma and glioblastoma1.
An initial screen in one breast cancer ER+ve cell line (MCF-7) suggested that these compounds may selectively target estrogen dependent breast cancer cells. Indeed recent studies have shown that MT-CN-07 and MT-CN-18 are up to 645 fold more potent at inhibiting the growth of ER+ve breast cancer cells (ZR-75–1, T47D, MCF-7) with GI50 values of 0.08–0.6μM, and 0.107–2.25μM, respectively, when compared with the nine cell lines derived from other tumor types. Moreover, these compounds are up to 450 fold more potent in ER+ve breast cancer cell lines when compared with the estrogen independent cell line MDA-MB-231 (ER-ve, GI50 = 36μM and 26μM, respectively) and the non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line MCF10A (GI50 = 36μM and 37μM, respectively). Screening of these compounds in the drug resistant, etoposide-selected breast cancer cell line, MCF7/VP, which has amplification and over-expression of the ABCC1 gene, showed they were not substrates for this drug resistant mechanism. The ability to specifically target estrogen dependent tumors, while having little or no effect on normal breast cells, or other tumor types is a unique finding. Thus we have identified a novel group of molecules that could be exploited for the treatment of estrogen sensitive breast cancer.
Reference:
1. Tarleton M, Gilbert J, Robertson MJ, McCluskey A, Sakoff JA. (2011) Library synthesis and cytotoxicity of a family of 2-phenylacrylonitriles and discovery of an estrogen dependent breast cancer lead compound. Med Chem Comm. 2, 31–37
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A127.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- 1Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, Australia
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von Kleist L, Stahlschmidt W, Bulut H, Gromova K, Puchkov D, Robertson MJ, MacGregor KA, Tomilin N, Tomlin N, Pechstein A, Chau N, Chircop M, Sakoff J, von Kries JP, Saenger W, Kräusslich HG, Shupliakov O, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A, Haucke V. Role of the clathrin terminal domain in regulating coated pit dynamics revealed by small molecule inhibition. Cell 2011; 146:471-84. [PMID: 21816279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) regulates many cell physiological processes such as the internalization of growth factors and receptors, entry of pathogens, and synaptic transmission. Within the endocytic network, clathrin functions as a central organizing platform for coated pit assembly and dissociation via its terminal domain (TD). We report the design and synthesis of two compounds named pitstops that selectively block endocytic ligand association with the clathrin TD as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Pitstop-induced inhibition of clathrin TD function acutely interferes with receptor-mediated endocytosis, entry of HIV, and synaptic vesicle recycling. Endocytosis inhibition is caused by a dramatic increase in the lifetimes of clathrin coat components, including FCHo, clathrin, and dynamin, suggesting that the clathrin TD regulates coated pit dynamics. Pitstops provide new tools to address clathrin function in cell physiology with potential applications as inhibitors of virus and pathogen entry and as modulators of cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa von Kleist
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Robertson MJ, Gordon CP, Gilbert J, McCluskey A, Sakoff JA. Norcantharimide analogues possessing terminal phosphate esters and their anti-cancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5734-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tarleton M, A. Young K, Unicomb E, N. McCluskey S, J. Robertson M, P. Gordon C, McCluskey A. A Flow Chemistry Approach to Norcantharidin Analogues. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2011. [DOI: 10.2174/157018011795906730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dempson JB, Robertson MJ, Pennell CJ, Furey G, Bloom M, Shears M, Ollerhead LMN, Clarke KD, Hinks R, Robertson GJ. Residency time, migration route and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in a Canadian fjord. J Fish Biol 2011; 78:1976-1992. [PMID: 21651545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts (n = 181) from two rivers were surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters and released to determine migration route, residency time and survival in a 50 km long estuarine fjord located on the south coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Data obtained from automated receivers placed throughout the Bay d'Espoir fjord indicated that migrating smolts used different routes to reach the outer areas of the fjord. The duration of time that smolts spent in the immediate estuary zone also differed between the two localities (7 and 17 days) although the total time smolts were resident in the fjord was similar and extensive (40 days). Many smolts were resident for periods of 4-8 weeks moving back and forth in the outer part of the fjord where maximum water depths range from 300 to 700 m. Survival in the estuary zone was greater for smolts with prolonged residency in estuarine habitat. Overall smolt survival to the fjord exit was moderately high (54-85%), indicating that the initial phase of migration did not coincide with a period of unusually high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Dempson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, P. O. Box 5667, St. John's, NL, A1C 5X1 Canada.
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Tarleton M, Gilbert J, Robertson MJ, McCluskey A, Sakoff JA. Library synthesis and cytotoxicity of a family of 2-phenylacrylonitriles and discovery of an estrogen dependent breast cancer lead compound. Med Chem Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wright AD, McCluskey A, Robertson MJ, MacGregor KA, Gordon CP, Guenther J. Anti-malarial, anti-algal, anti-tubercular, anti-bacterial, anti-photosynthetic, and anti-fouling activity of diterpene and diterpene isonitriles from the tropical marine sponge Cymbastela hooperi. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:400-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00326c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gordon CP, Young KA, Robertson MJ, Hill TA, McCluskey A. An Ugi-intramolecular Diels–Alder route to highly substituted tetrahydroepoxyisoindole carboxamides. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Odell LR, Howan D, Gordon CP, Robertson MJ, Chau N, Mariana A, Whiting AE, Abagyan R, Daniel JA, Gorgani NN, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. The pthaladyns: GTP competitive inhibitors of dynamin I and II GTPase derived from virtual screening. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5267-80. [PMID: 20575553 DOI: 10.1021/jm100442u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of a homology model for the GTP binding domain of human dynamin I based on the corresponding crystal structure of Dictyostelium discoidum dynamin A. Virtual screening identified 2-[(2-biphenyl-2-yl-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-5-carbonyl)amino]-4-chlorobenzoic acid (1) as a approximately 170 microM potent inhibitor. Homology modeling- and focused library-led synthesis resulted in development of a series of active compounds (the "pthaladyns") with 4-chloro-2-(2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxamido)benzoic acid (29), a 4.58 +/- 0.06 microM dynamin I GTPase inhibitor. Pthaladyn-29 displays borderline selectivity for dynamin I relative to dynamin II ( approximately 5-10 fold). Only pthaladyn-23 (dynamin I IC(50) 17.4 +/- 5.8 microM) was an effective inhibitor of dynamin I mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis in brain synaptosomes with an IC(50) of 12.9 +/- 5.9 microM. This compound was also competitive with respect to Mg(2+).GTP. Thus the pthaladyns are the first GTP competitive inhibitors of dynamin I and II GTPase and may be effective new tools for the study of neuronal endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Odell
- Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Hill TA, Mariana A, Gordon CP, Odell LR, Robertson MJ, McGeachie AB, Chau N, Daniel JA, Gorgani NN, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. Iminochromene Inhibitors of Dynamins I and II GTPase Activity and Endocytosis. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4094-102. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Robertson MJ, Measham TG, Batchelor G, George R, Kingwell R, Hosking K. Effectiveness of a publicly-funded demonstration program to promote management of dryland salinity. J Environ Manage 2009; 90:3023-3030. [PMID: 19473748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Community and catchment-based approaches to salinity management continue to attract interest in Australia. In one such approach, Catchment Demonstration Initiative (CDI) projects were established by the Western Australian (WA) Government in 2000 for targeted investment in large-scale catchment-based demonstrations of integrated salinity management practices. The aim was to promote a process for technically-informed salinity management by landholders. This paper offers an evaluation of the effectiveness of one CDI project in the central wheatbelt of WA, covering issues including: its role in fostering adoption of salinity management options, the role of research and the technical requirements for design and implementation of on-ground works, the role of monitoring and evaluation, the identification and measurement of public and private benefits, comparison and identification of the place and value of plant-based and engineering-based options, reliance on social processes and impacts of constraints on capacity, management of governance and administration requirements and an appreciation of the value of group-based approaches. A number of factors may reduce the effectiveness of CDI-type approaches in facilitating landholder action to address salinity, many of these are socially-based. Such approaches can create considerable demands on landholders, can be expensive (because of the planning and accountability required) on the basis of dollars per hectare impacted, and can be difficult to garner ownership from all involved. An additional problem could be that few community groups would have the capacity to run such programs and disseminate the new knowledge so that the CDI-type projects can impact outside the focus catchment. In common with many publicly-funded approaches to salinity, we found that direct benefits on public assets are smaller than planned and that results from science-based requirements of monitoring and evaluation have long lead times, causing farmers to either wait for the information or act sooner and take risks based on initial results. We also found that often it is a clear outline of the process that is of most importance in decision making as opposed to the actual results. We identified limitations in regulatory processes and the capacity for local government to engage in the CDI. The opportunities that CDI-type approaches provide centre around the value of its group-based approach. We conclude that they can overcome knowledge constraints in managing salinity by fostering group-based learning, offer a structured process of trialling options so that the costs and benefits can be clearly and transparently quantified, and avoid the costly mistakes and "learning failures" of the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Robertson
- CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Private Bag 5, Post Office Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
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Goy A, Bernstein SH, Kahl BS, Djulbegovic B, Robertson MJ, de Vos S, Epner E, Krishnan A, Leonard JP, Lonial S, Nasta S, O'Connor OA, Shi H, Boral AL, Fisher RI. Bortezomib in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma: updated time-to-event analyses of the multicenter phase 2 PINNACLE study. Ann Oncol 2009; 20:520-5. [PMID: 19074748 PMCID: PMC4592328 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported results of the phase 2, multicenter PINNACLE study, which confirmed the substantial single-agent activity of bortezomib in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). MATERIALS AND METHODS We report updated time-to-event data, in all patients and by response to treatment, after extended follow-up (median 26.4 months). RESULTS Median time to progression (TTP) was 6.7 months. Median time to next therapy (TTNT) was 7.4 months. Median overall survival (OS) was 23.5 months. In responding patients, median TTP was 12.4 months, median duration of response (DOR) was 9.2 months, median TTNT was 14.3 months, and median OS was 35.4 months. Patients achieving complete response had heterogeneous disease characteristics; among these patients, median TTP and DOR were not reached, and median OS was 36.0 months. One-year survival rate was 69% overall and 91% in responding patients. Median OS from diagnosis was 61.1 months, after median follow-up of 63.7 months. Activity was seen in patients with refractory disease and patients relapsing following high-intensity treatment. Toxicity was generally manageable. CONCLUSIONS Single-agent bortezomib is associated with lengthy responses and notable survival in patients with relapsed or refractory MCL, with considerable TTP and TTNT in responding patients, suggesting substantial clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goy
- The Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA.
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Griggs BL, Lawrance GA, Maeder M, Robertson MJ, Turner P. Aminoalcohols incorporating a piperazine ring: Synthesis, complexation of a hexadentate ligand and DNA cleavage capability of copper(II) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sreedharan A, Bowyer S, Wallace CA, Robertson MJ, Schmidt K, Woolfrey AE, Nelson RP. Macrophage activation syndrome and other systemic inflammatory conditions after BMT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 37:629-34. [PMID: 16501594 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is being used to treat autoimmune diseases refractory to conventional therapy, including rheumatoid arthritis. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a descriptive term for a systemic inflammatory disorder that has been described in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). This case report describes a young adult with systemic JRA (sJRA) who developed MAS on day # 12 post-autologous transplantation. The patient developed high fever, laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hepatocellular injury, pancytopenia and hyper-ferritinemia. All viral, bacterial and fungal studies were negative and the patient improved with high-dose glucocorticosteroid and cyclosporine therapy. Extreme elevation of serum ferritin was documented and helpful in monitoring response to therapy. A number of systemic inflammatory syndromes have been described in association with HCT. These include DIC, 'engraftment syndrome,' infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome and familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Macrophage activation syndrome presents with features of DIC and is closely related or identical to infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. The diagnosis needs to be established in a timely fashion because early and appropriate treatment may improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sreedharan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Robertson MJ, Schacterle RS, Mackin GA, Wilson SN, Bloomingdale KL, Ritz J, Komaroff AL. Lymphocyte subset differences in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and major depression. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 141:326-32. [PMID: 15996197 PMCID: PMC1809442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a heterogeneous disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by debilitating fatigue, along with other symptoms, for at least 6 months. Many studies demonstrate probable involvement of the central and autonomic nervous system, as well as a state of generalized immune activation and selective immune dysfunction in patients with CFS. The aim of this study was to compare the lymphocyte subsets of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome to those of patients with major depression and multiple sclerosis as well as those of healthy control subjects. No differences were found in total numbers of T cells, B cells or natural killer (NK) cells. However, differences were found in T, B and NK cell subsets. Patients with major depression had significantly fewer resting T (CD3(+)/CD25(-)) cells than the other groups. Patients with major depression also had significantly more CD20(+)/CD5(+) B cells, a subset associated with the production of autoantibodies. Compared to patients with multiple sclerosis, patients with CFS had greater numbers of CD16(+)/CD3(-) NK cells. Further study will be required to determine whether these alterations in lymphocyte subsets are directly involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders, or are secondary effects of the causal agent(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Robertson
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lawrance GA, Maeder M, Robertson MJ. Synthesis of a Four-Strand N2O2-Donor Ligand and its Transition Metal Complexation Probed by Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1023/b:tmch.0000037516.57178.af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Robertson MJ, De Iuliis GN, Maeder M, Lawrance GA. Metal-directed synthesis of a chiral acyclic pentaamine and pendant-arm macrocyclic hexaamine derived from an amino acid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2003.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tulsky JP, Hahn JA, Long HL, Chambers DB, Robertson MJ, Chesney MA, Moss AR. Can the poor adhere? Incentives for adherence to TB prevention in homeless adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8:83-91. [PMID: 14974750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Community-based population of homeless adults living in San Francisco, California. OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of cash and non-cash incentives on 1) adherence to treatment for latent tuberculosis infection, and 2) length of time needed to look for participants who missed their dose of medications. DESIGN Prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing a 5 dollar cash or a 5 dollar non-cash incentive. All participants received directly observed preventive therapy and standardized follow-up per a predetermined protocol. Completion rates and amount of time needed to follow up participants was measured. RESULTS Of the 119 participants, 102 (86%) completed therapy. There was no difference between the cash and non-cash arms. Completion was significantly higher among males (OR 5.65, 95%CI 1.36-23.40, P = 0.02) and persons in stable housing at study entry (OR 4.86, 95%CI 1.32-17.94, P = 0.02). No substance use or mental health measures were associated with completion. Participants in the cash arm needed significantly less follow-up to complete therapy compared to the non-cash arm (P = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, non-cash incentive, use of crack cocaine, and no prior preventive therapy were associated with more follow-up time. CONCLUSION Simple, low cost incentives can be used to improve adherence to TB preventive therapy in indigent adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Tulsky
- Department of Medicine, Positive Health Program, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110, USA.
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Robertson MJ, Lawrance GA, Maeder M, Turner P. Octahedral Complexes of a Mixed N,N,O-Donor Ligand N-trans-(2'-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-aminomethylpyridine. Aust J Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/ch03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The unsymmetric mixed-donor Nam,Npy,O-ligand N-trans-(2'-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-aminomethylpyridine (pyca, 1) was readily prepared by reaction of an epoxide (cyclohexene oxide) with (2-aminomethyl)pyridine. The ligand forms octahedral bis-tridentate complexes, exemplified with isolation of copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), and cobalt(III) compounds; in addition, a square-planar palladium(II) complex with the ligand behaving as bidentate was prepared. The bis-tridentate octahedral complexes may exist in six geometric isomeric forms, and molecular mechanics analysis was employed to predict the most stable isomer for copper(II), nickel(II), and cobalt(III) complexes. For the copper(II) and cobalt(III) complexes, the predictions match the X-ray crystal structures of the single isomer isolated in each case. Both the copper(II) complex [Cu . 12](ClO4)2 and the cobalt(III) complex [Co . 1 . (1–H)](ClO4)2 crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/n (no. 14), with a 9.8400(13), b 15.434(2), c 10.0180(13) Å, and β 109.004(2)°, and a 14.162, b 18.583, c 21.596 Å, and β 100.04°, respectively. Both complexes adopt distorted octahedral structures. The copper(II) complex exists as the all-trans-fac isomer with Jahn–Teller elongation of the Cu–O bond [2.3795(19) Å] compared to Cu–Npy [2.040(2) Å] and Cu–Nam [2.024(2) Å] distances. The cobalt(III) complex appears as the cis,cis,trans(Npy) fac isomer, but deprotonation of one of the two alcohol groups leads to all six M–L distances differing: for each of two similar independent complex cations, Co–O [e.g. 1.9123(16), 1.9459(16) Å], Co–Nam [e.g. 1.949(2), 1.968(2) Å], and Co–Npy [e.g. 1.938(2), 1.940(2) Å] vary, with particularly the deprotonated alcohol bond significantly shorter than the protonated bond, despite a strong hydrogen bonding interaction with the protonated alcohol in the partner complex cation in the unit cell.
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Lawrance GA, Maeder M, Robertson MJ. A MACROPOLYCYCLE WITH TWO CYCLOHEXANE RINGS FUSED TO A 1,4-DIAZA-7-OXA-CYCLONONANE CORE. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2003.9.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Comba P, DeIuliis GN, Lawrance GA, Luther SM, Maeder M, Nolan AL, Robertson MJ, Turner P. Geometrical isomerism in octahedral complexes arising from the presence of a fused ring on a triaza macrocycle. Dalton Trans 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b303515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Starnes T, Robertson MJ, Sledge G, Kelich S, Nakshatri H, Broxmeyer HE, Hromas R. Cutting edge: IL-17F, a novel cytokine selectively expressed in activated T cells and monocytes, regulates angiogenesis and endothelial cell cytokine production. J Immunol 2001; 167:4137-40. [PMID: 11591732 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel secreted cytokine, termed IL-17F, was cloned using nested RACE PCR. This cytokine bears homology to IL-17. IL-17F was expressed only in activated CD4(+) T cells and activated monocytes. Recombinant human IL-17F did not stimulate the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors or the migration of mature leukocytes. However, it markedly inhibited the angiogenesis of human endothelial cells and induced endothelial cells to produce IL-2, TGF-beta, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Starnes
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Robertson
- Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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Gelberg L, Robertson MJ, Leake B, Wenzel SL, Bakhtiar L, Hardie EA, Sadler N, Getzug T. Hepatitis B among homeless and other impoverished US military veterans in residential care in Los Angeles. Public Health 2001; 115:286-91. [PMID: 11464302 DOI: 10.1038/sj/ph/1900783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Findings are presented for a cross-sectional study of serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an underserved population-impoverished veterans of the US armed forces in a Veterans Administration (VA) residential program in the US. We examine the demographic, background, and risk factors associated with HBV infection in this high-risk population. This paper presents a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey and clinical data for 370 male veterans who were residents of a domiciliary care program for homeless veterans in Los Angeles, using chi(2), Fisher's Exact, and logistic regression analysis. About one-third (30.8%) of the sample tested positive for current or past HBV infection (ie, seropositive for either the HBV core antibody or surface antigen). After multivariate analysis, rates of HBV were significantly higher among veterans who were older, non-white, or who had a history of regular heroin use (a proxy measure for injection drug use), drug overdose, or drug detoxification treatment. The rate of current or past HBV infection among veterans in this sample (30.8%) was high compared to an estimated 5% to 8% of the general US population. Also, 3% of the sample were currently infected with HBV. Strategies for intervention include broader screening, immunization, and treatment interventions with this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gelberg
- UCLA Department of Family Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Hiskett PA, Buller GS, Loudon AY, Smith JM, Gontijo I, Walker AC, Townsend PD, Robertson MJ. Performance and design of InGaAs /InP photodiodes for single-photon counting at 1.55 microm. Appl Opt 2000; 39:6818-6829. [PMID: 18354697 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.006818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The performance of selected, commercially available InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes operating in a photon-counting mode at an incident wavelength of 1.55 microm is described. A discussion on the optimum operating conditions and their relationship to the electric field distribution within the device is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Hiskett
- Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Robertson
- Astra Charnwood, Loughborough, Leicestershire, England
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Gilbert EA, Liberman RP, Ventura J, Kern R, Robertson MJ, Hwang S, Green MF. Concurrent validity of negative symptom assessments in treatment refractory schizophrenia: relationship between interview-based ratings and inpatient ward observations. J Psychiatr Res 2000; 34:443-7. [PMID: 11165312 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3956(00)00041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The concurrent validity of interview-based ratings of negative symptoms in 35 inpatients with chronic, treatment refractory schizophrenia was evaluated. Correlations were examined between interview-based ratings of negative symptoms, measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the naturalistic behavior of inpatients as assessed by the Time Sample Behavior Checklist. Higher levels of interview-based negative symptoms were related to reduced interpersonal activity on the inpatient ward, but not to entertainment, instrumental or self-maintenance activities. These findings offer partial support for the concurrent validity of office-based ratings of negative symptoms, and highlight the importance of longitudinal observations of patients for accurate identification of negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Gilbert
- Division of Psychology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Box 488, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Abonour R, Williams DA, Einhorn L, Hall KM, Chen J, Coffman J, Traycoff CM, Bank A, Kato I, Ward M, Williams SD, Hromas R, Robertson MJ, Smith FO, Woo D, Mills B, Srour EF, Cornetta K. Efficient retrovirus-mediated transfer of the multidrug resistance 1 gene into autologous human long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Med 2000; 6:652-8. [PMID: 10835681 DOI: 10.1038/76225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies indicate that efficient retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells can be achieved by co-localizing retroviral particles and target cells on specific adhesion domains of fibronectin. In this pilot study, we used this technique to transfer the human multidrug resistance 1 gene into stem and progenitor cells of patients with germ cell tumors undergoing autologous transplantation. There was efficient gene transfer into stem and progenitor cells in the presence of recombinant fibronectin fragment CH-296. The infusion of these cells was associated with no harmful effects and led to prompt hematopoietic recovery. There was in vivo vector expression, but it may have been limited by the high rate of aberrant splicing of the multidrug resistance 1 gene in the vector. Gene marking has persisted more than a year at levels higher than previously reported in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abonour
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Rm. 402, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Robertson MJ, Williams BT, Christopherson K, Brahmi Z, Hromas R. Regulation of human natural killer cell migration and proliferation by the exodus subfamily of CC chemokines. Cell Immunol 2000; 199:8-14. [PMID: 10675270 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1999.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses to obligate intracellular pathogens. Nevertheless, the regulation of NK cell trafficking and migration to inflammatory sites is poorly understood. Exodus-1/MIP-3alpha/LARC, Exodus-2/6Ckine/SLC, and Exodus-3/MIP-3beta/ELC/CKbeta-11 are CC chemokines that share a unique aspartate-cysteine-cysteine-leucine motif near their amino terminus and preferentially stimulate the migration of T lymphocytes. The effects of Exodus chemokines on human NK cells were examined. Exodus-1, -2, and -3 did not induce detectable chemotaxis of resting peripheral blood NK cells. In contrast, Exodus-2 and -3 stimulated migration of polyclonal activated peripheral blood NK cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Exodus-2 and -3 also induced dose-dependent chemotaxis of NKL, an IL-2-dependent human NK cell line. Results of modified checkerboard assays indicate that migration of NKL cells in response to Exodus-2 and -3 represents true chemotaxis and not simply chemokinesis. Exodus-1, -2, and -3 did not induce NK cell proliferation in the absence of other stimuli. Nevertheless, Exodus-2 and -3 significantly augmented IL-2-induced proliferation of normal human CD56(dim) NK cells. In contrast, Exodus-1, -2, and -3 did not affect the cytolytic activity of resting or activated peripheral blood NK cells. Expression of message for CCR7, a shared receptor for Exodus-2 and -3, was detected in activated polyclonal NK cells and NKL cells but not resting NK cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Exodus-2 and -3 can participate in the recruitment and proliferation of activated NK cells. Exodus-2 and -3 may regulate interactions between T cells and NK cells that are crucial for the generation of optimal immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Chemokine CCL19
- Chemokine CCL20
- Chemokine CCL21
- Chemokines, CC/pharmacology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, CCR6
- Receptors, CCR7
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Robertson
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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