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Dolezal R, Soukup O, Malinak D, Savedra RML, Marek J, Dolezalova M, Pasdiorova M, Salajkova S, Korabecny J, Honegr J, Ramalho TC, Kuca K. Towards understanding the mechanism of action of antibacterial N-alkyl-3-hydroxypyridinium salts: Biological activities, molecular modeling and QSAR studies. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:699-711. [PMID: 27341309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have carried out a combined experimental and computational investigation to elucidate several bred-in-the-bone ideas standing out in rational design of novel cationic surfactants as antibacterial agents. Five 3-hydroxypyridinium salts differing in the length of N-alkyl side chain have been synthesized, analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, tested for in vitro activity against a panel of pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains, computationally modeled in water by a SCRF B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method, and evaluated by a systematic QSAR analysis. Given the results of this work, the hypothesis suggesting that higher positive charge of the quaternary nitrogen should increase antimicrobial efficacy can be rejected since 3-hydroxyl group does increase the positive charge on the nitrogen but, simultaneously, it significantly derogates the antimicrobial activity by lowering the lipophilicity and by escalating the desolvation energy of the compounds in comparison with non-hydroxylated analogues. Herein, the majority of the prepared 3-hydroxylated substances showed notably lower potency than the parent pyridinium structures, although compound 8 with C12 alkyl chain proved a distinctly better antimicrobial activity in submicromolar range. Focusing on this anomaly, we have made an effort to reveal the reason of the observed activity through a molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction between the bacterial membrane and compound 8 in GROMACS software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dolezal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ranylson M L Savedra
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Jan Marek
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Dolezalova
- Institute of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Pasdiorova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Salajkova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Honegr
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, 708 33, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Czech Republic.
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2
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Nepovimova E, Korabecny J, Dolezal R, Nguyen TD, Jun D, Soukup O, Pasdiorova M, Jost P, Muckova L, Malinak D, Gorecki L, Musilek K, Kuca K. A 7-methoxytacrine-4-pyridinealdoxime hybrid as a novel prophylactic agent with reactivation properties in organophosphate intoxication. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1012-1016. [PMID: 30090408 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00130k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents constitute an increasing threat to both military and civilian populations. Therefore, effective prophylactic approaches are urgently needed. Herein, we present a novel hybrid compound which is able not only to keep acetylcholinesterase resistant to organophosphate (OP) inhibitors, but also to serve as an enzyme reactivator in the case of OP intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nepovimova
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
| | - J Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
| | - R Dolezal
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
| | - T D Nguyen
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
| | - D Jun
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic . .,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy , Faculty of Military Health Sciences , University of Defence , Trebesska 1575 , 500 01 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - O Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
| | - M Pasdiorova
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
| | - P Jost
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
| | - L Muckova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy , Faculty of Military Health Sciences , University of Defence , Trebesska 1575 , 500 01 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - D Malinak
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
| | - L Gorecki
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
| | - K Musilek
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
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Soukup O, Dolezal R, Malinak D, Marek J, Salajkova S, Pasdiorova M, Honegr J, Korabecny J, Nachtigal P, Nachon F, Jun D, Kuca K. Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and molecular modeling of 5-hydroxyisoquinolinium salt series; the effect of the hydroxyl moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:841-8. [PMID: 26774252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, we describe the synthesis of a new group of 5-hydroxyisoquinolinium salts with different lengths of alkyl side-chain (C10-C18), and their chromatographic analysis and biological assay for in vitro activity against bacterial and fungal strains. We compare the lipophilicity and efficacy of hydroxylated isoquinolinium salts with the previously published (non-hydroxylated) isoquinolinium salts from the point of view of antibacterial and antifungal versatility and cytotoxic safety. Compound 11 (C18) had to be excluded from the testing due to its low solubility. Compounds 9 and 10 (C14, C16) showed only moderate efficacy against G+ bacteria, notably with excellent potency against Staphyloccocus aureus, but no effect against G- bacteria. In contrast, non-hydroxylated isoquinolinium salts showed excellent antimicrobial efficacy within the whole series, particularly 14 (C14) against G+ strains and 15 (C16) against fungi. The electronic properties and desolvation energies of 5-hydroxyisoquinolinium and isoquinolinium salts were studied by quantum-chemistry calculations employing B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method and an implicit water-solvent simulation model (SCRF). Despite the positive mesomeric effect of the hydroxyl moiety reducing the electron density of the quaternary nitrogen, it is probably the higher lipophilicity and lower desolvation energy of isoquinolinium salts, which is responsible for enhanced antimicrobial versatility and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Marek
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Surgical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 700 30 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Salajkova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Pasdiorova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Honegr
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Nachon
- Departement de Toxicologie et Risque Chimique, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, BP73, F-91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Benek O, Soukup O, Pasdiorova M, Hroch L, Sepsova V, Jost P, Hrabinova M, Jun D, Kuca K, Zala D, Ramsay RR, Marco-Contelles J, Musilek K. Design, Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of Indolotacrine Analogues as Multitarget-Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:1264-9. [PMID: 26427608 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel indolotacrine analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. By using a multitarget-directed ligand approach, compounds were designed to act simultaneously as cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. The compounds were also evaluated for antioxidant, cytotoxic, hepatotoxic, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability properties. Indolotacrine 9 b (9-methoxy-2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-1H-indolo[2,3-b]quinolin-11-amine) showed the most promising results in the in vitro assessment; it is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE IC50 : 1.5 μm), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE IC50 : 2.4 μm) and MAO A (IC50 : 0.49 μm), and it is also a weak inhibitor of MAO B (IC50 : 53.9 μm). Although its cytotoxic (IC50 : 5.5±0.4 μm) and hepatotoxic (IC50 : 1.22±0.11 μm) profiles are not as good as those of the standard 7-methoxytacrine (IC50 : 63±4 and 11.50±0.77 μm, respectively), the overall improvement in the inhibitory activities and potential to cross the BBB make indolotacrine 9 b a promising lead compound for further development and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Benek
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Pasdiorova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Hroch
- University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Sepsova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jost
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Dominykas Zala
- School of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Building, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Rona R Ramsay
- School of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Building, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, (IQOG, CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kamil Musilek
- University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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