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Caravella RA, Ying P, Siegel C, Vaughn R, Deutch AB, Caroff A, Madanes S, Ackerman MG, Lewis C. Quality Improvement Framework to Examine Health Care Disparities in Behavioral Emergency Management in the Inpatient Medical Setting: A Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Health Equity Project. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2023; 64:322-331. [PMID: 37060945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND De-escalation of behavioral emergencies in the inpatient medical setting may involve restrictive clinical interventions that directly challenge patient autonomy. OBJECTIVE We describe a quality improvement framework used to examine associations between patient characteristics and behavioral emergency de-escalation strategies. This project may inform other Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry teams seeking to promote equity in care. METHODS We examined behavioral emergency response team (BERT) management at an urban, tertiary-care medical center in the United States over a 3-year period. BERT data from an existing dataset were combined with demographic information from the hospital's electronic medical record. Race and ethnic identities were categorized as Black, Hispanic, Asian, White, and unknown. BERT events were coded based on the most restrictive intervention utilized per unique patient. Cross-tabulations and adjusted odds ratios from multivariate logistic regression were used to identify quality improvement targets in this exploratory project. RESULTS The sample included N = 902 patients and 1532 BERT events. The most frequent intervention reached was verbal de-escalation (n = 419 patients, 46.45%) and the least frequent was 4-point restraints (n = 29 patients, 3.2%). Half of BERT activations for Asian and a third for Hispanic patients required interpreter services. Anxiety and cognitive disorders and 2 BERT interventions, verbal de-escalation, and intramuscular/intravenous/ medications, were significantly associated with race/ethnic category. The most restrictive intervention for BERTs involving Black and Asian patients were verbal de-escalation (60.1%) and intramuscular/intravenous(53.7%), respectively. These proportions were higher compared with other race/ethnic groups. There was a greater percentage of patients from the unknown (6.3%) and Black (5.9%) race/ethnic groups placed in 4-point restraints compared with other groups (3.2%) that did not reach statistical significance. A logistic regression model predicting 4-point restraints indicated that younger age, multiple BERTs, and violent behavior as a reason for BERT activation, but not race/ethnic group, resulted in significantly higher odds. CONCLUSIONS This project illustrates that a quality improvement framework utilizing existing clinical data can be used to engage in organizational introspection and identify potential areas of bias in BERT management. Our findings suggest opportunities for further exploration, enhanced education, and programmatic improvements regarding BERT intervention; 4-point restraints; interpreter services; and the influence of race on perception of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Caravella
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - Patrick Ying
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Carole Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rubiahna Vaughn
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Psychiatry, Montefiore Medical Center - Einstein Division, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Allison B Deutch
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Aviva Caroff
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Sharon Madanes
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Marra G Ackerman
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Crystal Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Ying P, CARAVELLA RACHELA, Ackerman MG, Ginsberg DL, Sreedhar A, Casale JA. (175) Creating Operational and Safety Metrics for a Consultation-Liaison (C-L) Psychiatry Service. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2022.10.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jacobson MH, Stein CR, Liu M, Ackerman MG, Blakemore JK, Long SE, Pinna G, Romay-Tallon R, Kannan K, Zhu H, Trasande L. Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenols and Phthalates and Postpartum Depression: The Role of Neurosteroid Hormone Disruption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1887-1899. [PMID: 33792735 PMCID: PMC8502446 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious psychiatric disorder. While causes remain poorly understood, perinatal sex hormone fluctuations are an important factor, and allopregnanolone in particular has emerged as a key determinant. Although synthetic environmental chemicals such as bisphenols and phthalates are known to affect sex hormones, no studies have measured allopregnanolone and the consequences of these hormonal changes on PPD have not been interrogated. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations of repeated measures of urinary bisphenols and phthalates in early and midpregnancy with serum pregnenolone, progesterone, allopregnanolone, and pregnanolone concentrations in midpregnancy and PPD symptoms at 4 months postpartum. METHODS Prospective cohort study of 139 pregnant women recruited between 2016 and 2018. Bisphenols and phthalates were measured in early and midpregnancy urine samples. Serum sex steroid hormone concentrations were measured in midpregnancy. PPD was assessed at 4 months postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multiple informant models were fit using generalized estimating equations. Serum levels of allopregnanolone, progesterone, pregnanolone, and pregnenolone were examined as log-transformed continuous variables. PPD symptoms were examined as continuous EPDS scores and dichotomously with scores ≥10 defined as PPD. RESULTS Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) metabolites were associated with reduced progesterone concentrations. Log-unit increases in ∑DnOP and ∑DiNP predicted 8.1% (95% CI -15.2%, -0.4%) and 7.7% (95% CI -13.3%, -1.7%) lower progesterone, respectively. ∑DnOP was associated with increased odds of PPD (odds ratio 1.48; 95% CI 1.04, 2.11). CONCLUSION Endocrine disrupting chemicals may influence hormonal shifts during pregnancy as well as contribute to PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie H Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Correspondence: Melanie Jacobson, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, 462 1st Avenue, Building A, 8th floor, Room 850, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Cheryl R Stein
- Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marra G Ackerman
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jennifer K Blakemore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sara E Long
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Raquel Romay-Tallon
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY 10012, USA
- NYU College of Global Public Health, New York, NY 10012, USA
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Spray AM, Patel NA, Sood A, Wu SX, Simon NM, Podbury R, Vasserman A, Caravella RA, Silverman Y, Pochtar R, Liaw KRL, Ackerman MG. Development of Wellness Programs During the COVID-19 Pandemic Response. Psychiatr Ann 2020. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20200613-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ackerman MG, Shapiro PA, Coe A, Trivedi MS, Crew KD. The Impact of Mental Illness on Uptake of Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer in a Multiethnic Cohort of Breast Cancer Patients. Breast J 2017; 23:519-524. [PMID: 28323373 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether mental illness is a barrier to genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in multiethnic breast cancer patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 308 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer and eligible for HBOC genetic testing seen in the breast clinic of an academic, urban medical center from 2007 to 2015. Uptake of genetic services and history of mental health disorder (MHD), defined as a psychiatric diagnosis or treatment with an antidepressant, mood stabilizer, anxiolytic, or antipsychotic medication, were ascertained by medical chart review. The mean age at breast cancer diagnosis was 56 years, with 44% non-Hispanic whites, 37% Hispanics, and 15% non-Hispanic blacks. Ninety-nine (32%) women met study criteria for MHD, 73% had a genetics referral, 57% had genetic counseling, and 54% completed BRCA testing. Uptake of genetic counseling services did not differ by race/ethnicity or presence of MHD. In multivariable analysis, younger age at diagnosis, Ashkenazi Jewish heritage, and family history of breast cancer were associated with HBOC genetic counseling. A relatively high proportion of breast cancer patients eligible for HBOC genetic testing were referred to a genetic counselor and referral status did not vary by MHD or race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marra G Ackerman
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | | | - Austin Coe
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York
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Powers JG, Baker DL, Ackerman MG, Bruemmer JE, Spraker TR, Conner MM, Nett TM. Passive transfer of maternal GnRH antibodies does not affect reproductive development in elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) calves. Theriogenology 2012; 78:830-41. [PMID: 22541328 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is intermittently released from the hypothalamus in consistent patterns from before birth to final maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis at puberty. Disruption of this signaling via GnRH vaccination during the neonatal period can alter reproduction at maturity. The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of GnRH-antibody exposure on reproductive maturation and function in elk calves passively exposed to high concentrations of GnRH antibodies immediately after birth. Fifteen elk calves (eight males and seven females) born to females treated with GnRH vaccine or sham vaccine during midgestation were divided into two groups based on the concentration of serum GnRH antibodies measured during the neonatal period. Those with robust (>15 pmol (125)I-GnRH bound per mL of serum) titers (N = 10; four females and six males) were designated as the exposed group, whereas those with undetectable titers (N = 5; three females and two males) were the unexposed group. Onset of puberty, reproductive development, and endocrine function in antibody-exposed and unexposed male and female elk calves were compared. Neonatal exposure to high concentrations of GnRH antibodies had no effect on body weight (P = 0.968), endocrine profiles (P > 0.05), or gametogenesis in either sex. Likewise, there were no differences between groups in gross or histologic structure of the hypothalamus, pituitary, testes, or ovaries. Pituitary stimulation with a GnRH analog before the second potential reproductive season induced substantial LH secretion in all experimental elk. All females became pregnant during their second reproductive season and all males exhibited similar mature secondary sexual characteristics. There were no differences between exposure groups in hypothalamic GnRH content (P = 0.979), pituitary gonadotropin content (P > 0.05) or gonadal structure. We concluded that suppressing GnRH signaling through immunoneutralization during the neonatal period likely does not alter long-term reproductive function in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Powers
- Colorado State University, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
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