1
|
Lewis LA, Polanski K, de Torres-Zabala M, Jayaraman S, Bowden L, Moore J, Penfold CA, Jenkins DJ, Hill C, Baxter L, Kulasekaran S, Truman W, Littlejohn G, Prusinska J, Mead A, Steinbrenner J, Hickman R, Rand D, Wild DL, Ott S, Buchanan-Wollaston V, Smirnoff N, Beynon J, Denby K, Grant M. Transcriptional Dynamics Driving MAMP-Triggered Immunity and Pathogen Effector-Mediated Immunosuppression in Arabidopsis Leaves Following Infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Plant Cell 2015; 27:3038-64. [PMID: 26566919 PMCID: PMC4682296 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional reprogramming is integral to effective plant defense. Pathogen effectors act transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally to suppress defense responses. A major challenge to understanding disease and defense responses is discriminating between transcriptional reprogramming associated with microbial-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity (MTI) and that orchestrated by effectors. A high-resolution time course of genome-wide expression changes following challenge with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 and the nonpathogenic mutant strain DC3000hrpA- allowed us to establish causal links between the activities of pathogen effectors and suppression of MTI and infer with high confidence a range of processes specifically targeted by effectors. Analysis of this information-rich data set with a range of computational tools provided insights into the earliest transcriptional events triggered by effector delivery, regulatory mechanisms recruited, and biological processes targeted. We show that the majority of genes contributing to disease or defense are induced within 6 h postinfection, significantly before pathogen multiplication. Suppression of chloroplast-associated genes is a rapid MAMP-triggered defense response, and suppression of genes involved in chromatin assembly and induction of ubiquitin-related genes coincide with pathogen-induced abscisic acid accumulation. Specific combinations of promoter motifs are engaged in fine-tuning the MTI response and active transcriptional suppression at specific promoter configurations by P. syringae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Lewis
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztof Polanski
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Marta de Torres-Zabala
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharth Jayaraman
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Bowden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Moore
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Penfold
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Dafyd J Jenkins
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Baxter
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Satish Kulasekaran
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - William Truman
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - George Littlejohn
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna Prusinska
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mead
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Steinbrenner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hickman
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - David Rand
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - David L Wild
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sascha Ott
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Buchanan-Wollaston
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Beynon
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Denby
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Murray Grant
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jensen MK, Hagedorn PH, de Torres-Zabala M, Grant MR, Rung JH, Collinge DB, Lyngkjaer MF. Transcriptional regulation by an NAC (NAM-ATAF1,2-CUC2) transcription factor attenuates ABA signalling for efficient basal defence towards Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2008; 56:867-80. [PMID: 18694460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ATAF1 is a member of a largely uncharacterized plant-specific gene family encoding NAC transcription factors, and is induced in response to various abiotic and biotic stimuli in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previously, we showed that a mutant allele of ATAF1 compromises penetration resistance in Arabidopsis with respect to the non-host biotrophic pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). In this study, we have used genome-wide transcript profiling to characterize signalling perturbations in ataf1 plants following Bgh inoculation. Comparative transcriptomic analyses identified an over-representation of abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes, including the ABA biosynthesis gene AAO3, which is significantly induced in ataf1 plants compared to wild-type plants following inoculation with Bgh. Additionally, we show that Bgh inoculation results in decreased endogenous ABA levels in an ATAF1-dependent manner, and that the ABA biosynthetic mutant aao3 showed increased penetration resistance to Bgh compared to wild-type plants. Furthermore, we show that ataf1 plants show ABA-hyposensitive phenotypes during seedling development and germination. Our data support a negative correlation between ABA levels and penetration resistance, and identify ATAF1 as a new stimuli-dependent attenuator of ABA signalling for the mediation of efficient penetration resistance in Arabidopsis upon Bgh attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Jensen
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Torres-Zabala M, Truman W, Bennett MH, Lafforgue G, Mansfield JW, Rodriguez Egea P, Bögre L, Grant M. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato hijacks the Arabidopsis abscisic acid signalling pathway to cause disease. EMBO J 2007; 26:1434-43. [PMID: 17304219 PMCID: PMC1817624 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We have found that a major target for effectors secreted by Pseudomonas syringae is the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway. Microarray data identified a prominent group of effector-induced genes that were associated with ABA biosynthesis and also responses to this plant hormone. Genes upregulated by effector delivery share a 42% overlap with ABA-responsive genes and are also components of networks induced by osmotic stress and drought. Strongly induced were NCED3, encoding a key enzyme of ABA biosynthesis, and the abscisic acid insensitive 1 (ABI1) clade of genes encoding protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) involved in the regulation of ABA signalling. Modification of PP2C expression resulting in ABA insensitivity or hypersensitivity led to restriction or enhanced multiplication of bacteria, respectively. Levels of ABA increased rapidly during bacterial colonisation. Exogenous ABA application enhanced susceptibility, whereas colonisation was reduced in an ABA biosynthetic mutant. Expression of the bacterial effector AvrPtoB in planta modified host ABA signalling. Our data suggest that a major virulence strategy is effector-mediated manipulation of plant hormone homeostasis, which leads to the suppression of defence responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta de Torres-Zabala
- Biology Division, Imperial College London, Wye Campus, Wye, UK
- Present address: School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - William Truman
- Biology Division, Imperial College London, Wye Campus, Wye, UK
- Present address: School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Mark H Bennett
- Biology Division, Imperial College London, Wye Campus, Wye, UK
| | | | | | - Pedro Rodriguez Egea
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica—CSIC, Camino de Vera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laszlo Bögre
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Murray Grant
- Biology Division, Imperial College London, Wye Campus, Wye, UK
- Present address: School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zourelidou M, de Torres-Zabala M, Smith C, Bevan MW. Storekeeper defines a new class of plant-specific DNA-binding proteins and is a putative regulator of patatin expression. Plant J 2002; 30:489-97. [PMID: 12028578 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The expression of class I patatin genes is restricted to potato tubers but can be induced in other tissues by exogenous sucrose. Here we show that tuber-specific and sucrose-inducible gene expression is reduced in transgenic potato plants by mutations in a conserved 10 base pair motif within the B-box of the patatin promoter. In a southwestern screen, we have isolated a novel DNA-binding protein designated Storekeeper (STK) that specifically recognises the B-box motif in vitro. Gel shift experiments with an STK-specific antibody suggest that STK is the B-box binding protein found in tuber nuclei. We propose that STK, the defining member of a new class of DNA binding proteins, regulates patatin expression in potato tubers via the B-box motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melina Zourelidou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|