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Velázquez-Carriles CA, Angulo C, Macías-Rodríguez ME, Reyes-Becerril M. Phytochemical properties of Cyrtocarpa edulis peel exert antimicrobial activity and enhance immunobiological parameters in Almaco jack Seriola rivoliana cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2025; 156:110044. [PMID: 39608733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
Fish aquaculture has increased but also disease problems related to it, along with antimicrobial resistance. The use of medicinal plants containing phytochemicals with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities has been proposed. In this study, C. edulis "peel" was investigated for its phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activities, and immunostimulant properties in leukocytes from Almaco Jack, S. rivoliana. The proximal composition of peel indicated 4.10 % protein 5.37 % ash and 6.93 % crude fiber, whereas total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 180 mg and 50 mg per gram of dry sample, respectively. Superoxide radical scavenging, total antioxidant, and iron chelation activities were also detected. In vitro, Almaco Jack S. rivoliana leukocytes treated with peel extract showed no cytotoxicity, whereas respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase, and SOD activities, as well as nitric oxide production, were enhanced. Most bacterial strains were inhibited 70 % at a concentration of 1 mg/mL C. edulis peel extract, except for Salmonella Enteritidis (40 %) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (25 %). In conclusion, peel has phytochemicals with antioxidant capacity, immunostimulatory effects for Almaco Jack, Seriola rivoliana, and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Future experiments in fish must be conducted using C. edulis peel in diets to confirm their immunostimulant, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.
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Aguilar-Ávila DS, Reyes-Becerril M, Velázquez-Carriles CA, Hinojosa-Ventura G, Macías-Rodríguez ME, Angulo C, Silva-Jara JM. Biogenic Ag 2O nanoparticles with "Hoja Santa" (Piper auritum) extract: characterization and biological capabilities. Biometals 2024; 37:971-982. [PMID: 38409305 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The 'sacred leaf' or "Hoja Santa" (Piper auritum Kunth) has a great value for Mexican culture and has gained popularity worldwide for its excellent properties from culinary to remedies. To contribute to its heritage, in this project we proposed the green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs) using an extract of "Hoja Santa" (Piper auritum) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized Ag2O NPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy (plasmon located at 405 nm), X-ray diffraction (XRD) (particle size diameter of 10 nm), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (particle size diameter of 13.62 ± 4.61 nm), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (functional groups from "Hoja Santa" attached to nanoparticles). Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of NPs against a panel of clinically relevant bacterial strains, including both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli O157:H7), was over 90% at concentrations of 200 µg/mL. Additionally, we assessed the antibiofilm activity of the NPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (reaching 98% of biofilm destruction at 800 µg/mL), as biofilm formation plays a crucial role in bacterial resistance and chronic infections. Moreover, we investigated the impact of Ag2O NPs on immune cell viability, respiratory burst, and phagocytic activity to understand their effects on the immune system.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Maldonado-García M, López MG, Calvo-Gómez O, Díaz SM. Cyrtocarpa edulis fruit and its immunostimulant effect on Almaco Jack Seriola rivoliana: in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1393-1407. [PMID: 38285242 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates for the first time chemical, proximate analyses and immunostimulant effect of Cyrtocarpa edulis fruit (CeF). Three design experiments were carried out to evaluate immunostimulant effect of C. edulis fruit: in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies in juveniles Almaco jack Seriola rivoliana. In general, nutraceutical studies performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in CeF revealed a major quantity of the carbohydrate groups and phytosterols such as β-sitosterol. Their phytochemical and antioxidant values exposed a significant content of total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, showing an antioxidant capacity against hydroxyl and superoxide radical. The in vitro results confirm that CeF is edible and enhanced the innate immune response in head-kidney leukocytes after 24 h of immunostimulation. The in vivo results showed that myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide production, as well as antioxidant enzymes were enhanced in skin mucus of those fish fed with CeF. Interestingly in the intestine, IL-β, TNF-α, MARCO and Piscidin gene expression were up-regulated in fish fed with C. edulis after 4 weeks. Finally, ex vivo experiments showed an important enhancement on cellular parameters (phagocytosis, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide production) in head-kidney leukocytes of fish fed CeF and intraperitoneally infected with A. hydrophila. The results demonstrate that C. edulis fruit (0.5%) represents an available phytochemical and antioxidant rich alternative with great potential as fish immunostimulant additive.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Maldonado M, Vimolmangkang S, Angulo C. In vivo and ex vivo studies support the immunostimulant and immunoprotective effect of Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) in Almaco Jack (Seriola rivoliana). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109369. [PMID: 38220122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) was evaluated in vitro for antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (as a preliminary screening assessment) by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-Direct bioautography. A study was performed in vivo to evaluate the effects of Damiana enriched diets at 0.5 % on immune parameters in mucus and serum and gene expression in Almaco Jack (Seriola rivoliana) intestine after two and four weeks; an infection with Aeromonas hydrophila at 1x107 colony forming units (CFU) followed and an ex vivo study was carried out using head-kidney leukocytes. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays showed high antioxidant activities in Damiana leaves; even in the ABTS assay, Damiana at 300 μg/mL showed similar activity to ascorbic acid - the standard control. Damiana exhibited strong in vitro antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and S. pyogenes. In vivo studies showed a strong enhancement of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in mucus and serum of S. rivoliana supplemented with Damiana; their immunological response enhanced after infection with A. hydrophila. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 gene expressions upregulated in the fish intestine challenged with the bacterium. Piscidin and macrophage (MARCO) receptor gene expression up-regulated at week 4 and down-regulated after infection. Intestinal histology results confirm that Damiana not cause inflammation or damage. Finally, the ex vivo study confirmed the immunostimulant and protective effects of Damiana through increased phagocytic, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase activities and nitric oxide generation before and upon the bacterial encounter. These results support the idea that Damiana has the potential as an immunostimulant additive for diets in aquaculture by enhancing immune parameters and protecting Almaco Jack against A. hydrophila infections upon four weeks of supplementation.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Zenteno-Savin T. Bisphenol A Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Apoptosis-Related Gene Expression in Pacific Red Snapper Lutjanus peru Leukocytes. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:136-148. [PMID: 38252381 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A is one of the most used components of the polycarbonate plastic industry in the word. This contaminant has disrupting effect in cells in in vitro and in vivo in fish. This study evaluated for the first time the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in head-kidney and spleen leukocytes isolated from Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru. Head-kidney and spleen leukocytes were exposed to 100, 1000 and 10,000 µg/mL of BPA at 2 and 24 h. Results showed cytotoxicity of BPA at 1000 and 10,000 µg/mL. Cell viability > 80% was observed in leukocytes exposed to 100 µg/mL for 2 h; thus, this concentration was selected for the remainder of the study. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, analyzed by DCF-DA and NBT assays, significantly increased in those leukocytes exposed to BPA compared to controls after 2 or 24 h. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased in head-kidney leukocytes after 24 h of BPA exposure. Apoptosis was inferred from caspase (casp-1 and casp-3), granzyme A (granz-A) and perforin 1 (perf-1) gene expression, which was significantly up-regulated, at 2 h BPA exposure in head-kidney leukocytes, and from granz-A and perf-1, which were up-regulated, after 24 h BPA exposure in spleen leukocytes. Short cytoplasmic prolongations and membrane blebs, suggestive of apoptosis, were observed by scanning electron microscopy. These data suggest that BPA at 100 µg/mL induces cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis in Pacific red snapper head-kidney and spleen leukocytes.
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Silva-Jara JM, Angulo C, Velazquez-Carriles C, Martinez-Preciado AH, Reyes-Becerril M. Development, characterization, and immunomodulation performance of spray-dried Moringa oleifera seed extract in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2041-2053. [PMID: 37420134 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is one of the most promising plants in aquaculture because it improves the health status, zootechnical parameters and resistance against diseases. This research evaluates the physicochemical, antioxidant values of spray-dried Moringa oleifera seed extract microencapsulates obtained at 140 and 180 °C with whey protein concentrate (WPC) and maltodextrin (MD) as wall materials in two different proportions: WPC 100% and WPC-MD (3:1). Also, immune response of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana stimulated with spray-dried Moringa oleifera seed for 24 h was assessed. The physicochemical parameters show that the recovery yield for all the treatments was of 65% and microencapsulates demonstrated to be stable in the physicochemical tests with low solubilization times and protection against humidity. For WPC-MD (3:1)/140 °C, bioactive compound retention and antioxidant potential were higher than in other combinations. The immunological test show that any treatments was non-cytotoxic against peripheral blood leukocytes. WPC-MD (3:1)/140 °C treatment enhanced immune parameters as phagocytosis, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase activities and nitric oxide production. Immune related genes as IL-1β and TNF-α were up-regulated in those stimulated leukocytes with WPC-MD (3:1)/140 °C. The results suggest that this combination may be a good alternative for animal health as a medicinal and immunostimulant additive.
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Corona LRD, Rodríguez MEM, Pérez LMA, Yerena AR, Martínez Preciado AH, Reyes-Becerril M. Immunostimulant effects of diet supplementation with yellow (Pouteria campechiana), white (Casimiroa edulis), and black (Diospyros digyna) sapote nanocapsules on laying hens: in vitro and in vivo study. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:360. [PMID: 37851183 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Poultry is commonly infected by different bacteria and parasites in the environment, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, but immunostimulants have been enhancing non-specific defense mechanisms conferring laying hens' protection. For this purpose, the pulp of yellow (Pouteria campechiana), white (Casimiroa edulis), and black (Diospyros digyna) sapotes were nanoencapsulated (YWB-SN) and evaluated in laying hens' peripheral blood leukocytes to test their addition to the experimental diets at a concentration of 0.5% (5g/kg of dry food) for 1 month (with two samples at days 15 and 30). The YWB-SN were safe when exposed to peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). The in vitro experiment showed that these nanocapsules enhanced reactive oxygen species production, and B-SN stimulated phagocytosis activity. Concerning the proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) transcription, this gene was upregulated after W-SN stimulation, while B-SN upregulated the IgG gene expression significantly. IgM was upregulated with any YBW-SN in PBLs after 24 h of stimulation. The in vivo study showed a notable B-SN immunostimulation in serum and an upregulation of TNF-α, IgM, and IgG mRNA transcription. Therefore, this study provides a new result of the yellow, white, and black sapote nanocapsules as a functional food for the poultry industry, highlighting the black sapote Diospyros digyna immunostimulant effect.
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López-Alvarez MÁ, Silva-Jara JM, Silva-Galindo JG, Reyes-Becerril M, Velázquez-Carriles CA, Macías-Rodríguez ME, Macías-Lamas AM, García-Ramírez MA, López de Alba CA, Reynoso-García CA. Determining the Photoelectrical Behavior and Photocatalytic Activity of an h-YMnO 3 New Type of Obelisk-like Perovskite in the Degradation of Malachite Green Dye. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093932. [PMID: 37175343 PMCID: PMC10179874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
YMnO3 is a P-type semiconductor with a perovskite-type structure (ABO3). It presents two crystalline systems: rhombohedral and hexagonal, the latter being the most stable and studied. In the hexagonal system, Mn3+ ions are coordinated by five oxygen ions forming a trigonal bipyramid, and the Y3+ ions are coordinated by five oxygen ions. This arrangement favors its ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, which have been widely studied since 1963. However, applications based on their optical properties have yet to be explored. This work evaluates the photoelectric response and the photocatalytic activity of yttrium manganite in visible spectrum wavelengths. To conduct this, a rod-obelisk-shaped yttrium manganite with a reduced indirect bandgap value of 1.43 eV in its hexagonal phase was synthesized through the precipitation method. The synthesized yttrium manganite was elucidated by solid-state techniques, such as DRX, XPS, and UV-vis. It was non-toxic as shown by the 100% leukocyte viability of mice BALB/c.
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Angulo M, Ramos A, Reyes-Becerril M, Guerra K, Monreal-Escalante E, Angulo C. Probiotic Debaryomyces hansenii CBS 8339 yeast enhanced immune responses in mice. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:28. [PMID: 36590244 PMCID: PMC9797638 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of Debaryomyces hansenii CBS 8339 on innate immune responses in mice. Thirty BALB/c mice were randomly treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (control) and two D. hansenii (Dh) doses: Dh 10ˆ6 CFU (colony forming units) and Dh 10ˆ8 CFU daily for 15 days. Spleen, blood, and gut samples were taken on days 7 and 15. Mouse splenocytes were isolated and challenged with Escherichia coli. Immunological assays and immune-related gene expressions were performed. Serum was obtained from blood for total IgA and IgG antibody titer determination. Gut samples were taken for yeast colonization assessment. Phagocytosis, respiratory burst activity, and nitric oxide production in mice were mainly enhanced (p < 0.05) upon 7 days of D. hansenii intake at a concentration of 10ˆ8 CFU before and after bacterial challenge. Moreover, oral D. hansenii in mice upregulated (p < 0.05) gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β) before or after E. coli challenge on day 7 but downregulated (p < 0.05) on day 15. Furthermore, total serum IgG and IgA titers were higher (p < 0.05) in Dh 10ˆ8 CFU at days 7 and 15, and only at day 7, respectively, than that in the other dose and control groups. Finally, D. hansenii was detected in the gut of mice that received the treatments, suggesting that yeast survived gastrointestinal transit. Altogether, a short period (7 days) of D. hansenii CBS 8339 oral delivery improved immune innate response on mice.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Angulo C, Cosío-Aviles L, López MG, Calvo-Gómez O. Cylindropuntia cholla aqueous root rich in phytosterols enhanced immune response and antimicrobial activity in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:408-418. [PMID: 36265741 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
"Cacti" are rich sources of phytochemicals with antioxidant activity, and their use is mainly focused on infusions in traditional medicine in Mexico. This study characterizes the chemical compounds found in Cylindropuntia cholla root by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and determines the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as their antioxidant capacity. The immunostimulatory effect of aqueous C. cholla root extract (ACcr) was evaluated at concentrations of 50, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL in Tilapia peripheral blood leukocytes. The results obtained by the GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoid and phytosterol derivatives as β-sitosterol and campesterol. The determination of the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents indicated that ACcr is abundant in polyphenols, showing an anti-radical capacity of scavenging free radicals, such as those of hydroxyl and superoxide, as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity. Stimulation of tilapia leukocytes resulted in the increase of its phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, nitric oxide production, and superoxide dismutase activity. Finally, the results obtained for the first time allowed establishing the chemical profile of ACcr and its antimicrobial activity against three important pathogenic bacteria. The potential of this root is indicated as an additive in formulating antioxidant and immunostimulant supplements for the aquaculture and pharmaceutical industry.
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Machuca C, Méndez-Martínez Y, Reyes-Becerril M, Angulo C. Yeast β-Glucans as Fish Immunomodulators: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162154. [PMID: 36009745 PMCID: PMC9405025 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The β-glucan obtained from yeast—a very important molecule for fish production—activates the immune system of fish by different mechanisms and induces protection against pathogens. However, most previous related studies have focused on the use of commercial β-glucan from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to understand the activation pathways. Experimental β-glucans extracted from other yeasts show other interesting biological activities even at lower doses. This review article analyzes the current information and suggests perspectives on yeast β-glucans. Abstract Administration of immunostimulants in fish is a preventive method to combat infections. A wide variety of these biological molecules exist, among which one of the yeast wall compounds stands out for its different biological activities. The β-glucan that forms the structural part of yeast is capable of generating immune activity in fish by cell receptor recognition. The most frequently used β-glucans for the study of mechanisms of action are those of commercial origin, with doses recommended by the manufacturer. Nevertheless, their immune activity is inefficient in some fish species, and increasing the dose may show adverse effects, including immunosuppression. Conversely, experimental β-glucans from other yeast species show different activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, healing, and stress tolerance properties. Therefore, this review analyses the most recent scientific reports on the use of yeast β-glucans in freshwater and marine fish.
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Angulo C, Sanchez V, Delgado K, Monreal-Escalante E, Hernández-Adame L, Angulo M, Tello-Olea M, Reyes-Becerril M. Oral organic nanovaccines against bacterial and viral diseases. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105648. [PMID: 35728750 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines have saved millions of humans and animals from deadly diseases. Many vaccines are still under development to fight against lethal diseases. Indeed, subunit vaccines are a versatile approach with several advantageous attributes, but they lack strong immunogenicity. Nanotechnology is an avenue to vaccine development because nanoparticles may serve as nanocarriers and adjuvants, which are critical aspects for oral vaccines. This review provides an update of oral organic nanovaccines, describing suitable nanomaterials for oral vaccine design and recent (last five-year view) oral nanovaccine developments to fight against those principal pathogens causing human and animal diseases.
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Aguilera-Juárez A, Hernández-Adame L, Ruíz-Gómez MÁ, Monreal-Escalante E, Reyes-Becerril M, Rosales-Mendoza S, Pereyra HGS, Angulo C. LptD-antigen system on gold nanoparticles: an innovative strategy in the nanovaccine development. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:295602. [PMID: 35395652 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac659b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanovaccine development is a growing research field in which the development of new carriers and bioconjugation approaches is a priority. In this sense, this report describes for the first time, the development of a novel conjugate that consists of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) obtained by a one-step synthesis using an immunogenic peptide of the Lipopolysaccharide-assembly protein LptD fromVibrio parahaemolyticusbacteria as a reducing and capping agent. The resultingLptD@AuNPscompounds were fully characterized and the results showed the high capacity of the peptide to form complexes and reduce gold ions. The reaction yield estimated was higher than 83% and the chemical integrity of the peptide on the NP surface revealed a tyrosine amino acid bonding on the AuNP surface. Furthermore, theLptD@AuNPsystem showed high colloidal stability in a wide pH range (3-11 pH values), where the hydrodynamic diameter and Zeta potential behavior were strongly influenced by the functional groups of the antigenic peptide. The cytotoxicity assays showed that the obtained system is safe for mouse leukocytes, while immunized mice withLptD@AuNPsproduced specific IgG antibodies. These encouraging results revealed the efficacy of some antigenic peptides as reducers and capping agents, in addition, opening the path to determine immunogenicity and immunoprotective efficacy of theLptD@AuNPsystem against the disease induced byVibrio parahaemolyticus.
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Rodríguez-Valdez G, Romero-Geraldo R, Medina-Basulto G, Reyes-Becerril M, Angulo C. Immunostimulant Activity of Bacteria Isolated from Extreme Environments in Baja California Sur, Mexico: A Bioprospecting Approach. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:234-241. [DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Reyes-Becerril M, Angulo M, Sanchez V, Machuca C, Méndez-Martínez Y, Angulo C. β-Glucan bioactivities from Cystobasidium benthicum in Totoaba macdonaldi thymus cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:542-553. [PMID: 34737133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture has led to serious concerns on microbial resistance and chemical residues. Novel sources of immunostimulants could help to solve this problem by stimulating the immune system to fight against pathogens. Therefore, this study aims to explore the immunostimulant potential of Cystobacidium benthicum-β-glucans (Cb-βG) using thymus cells from Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi), a recently farmed fish species in Mexico. The Cb-βG was characterized and tested for its own antioxidant capacity. Then, a Cb-βG safety experiment was carried out in thymus cells by evaluating the effects on immune parameters and immune-related genes. Cb-βG had a molecular weight of 2.32 kDa, comprised of β-1,3-1,6-glucan (53.4%), and showed strong antioxidant capacity compared to that of the positive antioxidant control. Cb-βG had no toxic effects of thymus cells and enhanced phagocytic, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase and superoxide activities. Additionally, immune-related genes implicated in recognition and effector functions of yeast glucans were up-regulated (Toll like receptor 2, C-type lectin family 17 member A, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor 2, macrophage mannose receptor 1, and Interleukin-1β). In conclusion, the glucan -characterized physically-chemically from the yeast C. benthicum (Cb-βG)- was safe, had strong antioxidant capacity to scavenge free radicals, and stimulated immune parameters and immune-related gene expressions on thymus cells from Totoaba macdonaldi.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Alamillo E, Angulo C. Probiotic and Immunomodulatory Activity of Marine Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica Strains and Response Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Fish. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1292-1305. [PMID: 33713310 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica has been widely used in food industry but scarcely explored as probiotics. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize in vitro the probiotic potential, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of the marine yeast Y. lipolytica D-1 and N-6 strains. Dietary administration effect was evaluated in vivo on immunological parameters in serum, skin-mucus, intestine, and fish leukocytes upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The results showed that Y. lipolytica D-1 and N-6 strains grew with NaCl or bile salts but were sensitive to low pH. Each of the Y. lipolytica strains had a distinctive antioxidant capacity and fatty acid profile, but their antimicrobial activity was similar against fish bacterial pathogens. Fish (Lutjanus peru) supplemented with Y. lipolytica strains showed normal intestinal morphology, high IgM levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Immune-related genes were modulated in fish fed Y. lipolytica in a strain-dependent fashion. In addition, leucocytes from fish fed Y. lipolytica challenged with V. parahaemolyticus increased innate immune and antioxidant parameters compared with the control groups. In conclusion, the marine yeast Y. lipolytica D-1 and N-6 strains may be potential probiotics for fish by exerting free-radical scavenging, antimicrobial activity, and improved immune-protective responses against V. parahaemolyticus infection.
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Angulo M, Reyes-Becerril M, Angulo C. Yarrowia lipolytica N6-glucan protects goat leukocytes against Escherichia coli by enhancing phagocytosis and immune signaling pathway genes. Microb Pathog 2021; 150:104735. [PMID: 33453314 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulant and protective effects of Yarrowia lipolytica glucans against important pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, have not been investigated in goats and other ruminants. This study aimed to characterize Y. lipolytica N6-glucan (Yl-glucan) and its possible role in immunological signaling pathway activation and immunoprotection against E. coli in goat leukocytes. Characterization analyses showed that Y. lipolytica content had a mix of β and α-D-glucans, molecular weight of 3301.53 kDa and low solubility after the heat treatment. The stimulation of goat leukocytes with Yl-glucan induced protection against E. coli challenge. Remarkably, Yl-glucan and E. coli interaction increased gene expression of dectin-1 and TLR-2 receptors, signaling pathway Syk/NFκB, and cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-10. As a consequence of signaling activation, phagocytosis, and nitric oxide production enhanced killing of pathogens. Altogether, Y. lipolytica-glucan demonstrated to possess an immunoprotective potential against E. coli through innate immune response modulation in goat leukocytes.
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Angulo M, Reyes-Becerril M, Medina-Córdova N, Tovar-Ramírez D, Angulo C. Probiotic and nutritional effects of Debaryomyces hansenii on animals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7689-7699. [PMID: 32686006 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii comes of age as a new potential probiotic for terrestrial and aquatic animals. Probiotic properties, including inmunostimulatory effects, gut microbiota modulation, enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation, and digestive function improvements have been related to the oral delivery of D. hansenii. Its functional compounds, such as cell wall components and polyamines, have been identified and implicated in its immunomodulatory activity. In addition, in vitro studies using immune cells have shown standpoints on the possible recognition, regulation, and effector immune mechanisms stimulated by this yeast. This review describes historic, cutting-edge research findings, implications, and perspectives on the use of D. hansenii as a promising probiotic for animals. KEY POINTS: • Debaryomyces hansenii has probiotic effects in terrestrial and aquatic animals. • Nutritional effects could be associated to probiotic D. hansenii strains. • β-D-Glucan and polyamines from D. hansenii are associated to probiotic properties. • Adoption by the industry is expected in the next years.
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Angulo C, Chavez-Infante L, Reyes-Becerril M, Angulo M, Romero-Geraldo R, Llinas-Cervantes X, Cepeda-Palacios R. Immunostimulatory and antioxidant effects of supplemental feeding with macroalga Sargassum spp. on goat kids. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2023-2033. [PMID: 32002745 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Algae are a rich source of bioactive compounds and health properties that have been narrowly explored in goat production systems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding diets supplemented with Sargassum spp. on antioxidant status and immune parameters in goat kids. The diets were as follows: control (basal diet without alga), Sargassum spp. 2.5% (Ss2.5), and Sargassum spp. 5% (S5) fed over a 70-day period. A total of 11 body tissues, intestinal mucus, and blood serum were sampled at necropsy. Protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme, and anti-protease activities were determined, as well as immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). The results indicated that Sargassum spp. supplementation increased protein content in six tissues. Antioxidant activities (SOD and CAT) and immune-related (lysozyme, MPO, and anti-protease) activities were statistically higher (P < 0.05) in Sargassum spp. groups compared with control in several tissues, intestinal mucus, and serum. Imunoglobulin A levels in intestinal mucus were higher (P < 0.05) in Sargassum spp.-supplemented groups than the control group. In conclusion, diet supplementation of Sargassum spp. improves the antioxidant status and enhances the immune parameters in goats. Sargassum spp. dietary supplementation is proposed as strategy to strengthen antioxidant status and stimulate the immune system, which helps in the control of opportunistic pathogens in goats.
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Silva-Jara J, Angulo C, Macias ME, Velazquez C, Guluarte C, Reyes-Becerril M. First screening report of immune and protective effect of non-toxic Jatropha vernicosa stem bark against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:106-114. [PMID: 32222403 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In México, the infusion of Jatropha vernicosa stem bark has been used in folk medicine for many clinical situations, but no reports were available about this particular species of Jatropha in fish of mammals. In this first screening report, the phytochemical, antioxidant profile and antimicrobial properties of aqueous J. vernicosa stem bark extract were explored against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, an opportunist fish pathogen. To evaluate the cytotoxicity and immunological effect for the possible application of aqueous J. vernicosa stem bark in aquaculture, this study assessed it by using Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. The results showed that phytochemical composition of the J. vernicosa extract was rich in phenol, flavonoid, saponin, and coumarin compounds. The antioxidant capacity of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities, iron-chelation activity and β-carotene bleaching coupled to linoleic acid showed that J. vernicosa extracts had a moderate antioxidant effect compared with synthetic antioxidants (BHT, BHA and EDTA). No adverse effects were observed on spleen leukocytes (viability > 98%). Interestingly, J. vernicosa stem bark extract has immunostimulant and antioxidant effects, increasing phagocytosis, respiratory burns activity, and nitric oxide production, as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Additionally, J. vernicosa extract increased pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and suppressed anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene expression upon stimuli and V. parahaemolyticus challenge. Finally, the data confirms that J. vernicosa stem bark extract is non-cytotoxic, rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant effects, capable of enhancing the immune system in leukocytes and with great potential to fight against opportunistic diseases, such as vibriosis in fish.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Ginera P, Silva-Jara J, Macias A, Velazquez-Carriles C, Alcaraz-Meléndez L, Angulo C. Assessment of chemical, biological and immunological properties of "Damiana de California" Turnera diffusa Willd extracts in Longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana) leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:418-426. [PMID: 32209397 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In Mexican herbal medicines or natural remedies, Turnera diffusa (Turneraceae) known as "Damiana de California", has ethnopharmacological relevance, including aphrodisiac, diuretic, and antimicrobial activities. To explore the immunological effect of infusion and methanolic extracts from Damiana de California, this study investigated its chemical, biological, antimicrobial and immunological properties in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. The analysis of chemical compounds revealed a considerable level of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the infusion compared with methanolic extract. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity showed high hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in infusion extract compared with BHT positive control. Superoxide radical scavenging activity and ion chelation were higher in methanolic extract followed by infusion treatment. Interestingly, notable antimicrobial activity was observed in both extracts of T. diffusa against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. An in vitro study was performed using leukocytes of S. rivoliana treated with infusion or methanolic extracts at 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/mL for 24 h. Remarkably, infusion extract induced proliferation at any concentration but not the methanolic extract, which was diminished in a dose-dependent fashion. The immunostimulation study demonstrated that the phagocytosis activity increased in those leukocytes stimulated with methanolic extract but diminished the respiratory burst activity, in contrast to the activity observed in those leukocytes stimulated with infusion treatment. Finally, leukocytes incubated with the extracts and confronted with V.parahaemolyticus up-regulated the transcription of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β gene in a dose response relationship. These findings suggest that the infusion treatment has potential therapeutic properties, promoting the antioxidant capacity and enhancing immune parameters in Longfin yellowtail S. rivoliana.
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Angulo M, Reyes-Becerril M, Cepeda-Palacios R, Angulo C. Oral administration of Debaryomyces hansenii CBS8339-β-glucan induces trained immunity in newborn goats. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:103597. [PMID: 31883447 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Beta-glucans from yeast can induce trained immunity in in vitro and in vivo models. Intraperitoneal doses of β-glucans in mammals have shown to induce trained immunity, but the training effects of orally administering β-glucans are unknown. Newborn goats are susceptible to infections in the neonatal stage, so the induction of trained immunity could improve animal survival. This study aimed to describe the in vitro effects of immunological training by β-glucan from Debaryomyces hansenii (β-Dh) on caprine monocytes, as well as its in vivo effects using oral doses on newborn goats upon challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hence in vitro, goat monocytes trained with β-Dh up-regulated the gene expression of macrophage surface markers (CD11b and F4/80) whereas enhanced cell survival and high phagocytic ability was found upon LPS challenge. In the in vivo experiment, newborn goats stimulated with two doses (day -7 and - 4) of β-Dh (50 mg/kg) and challenged (day 0) with LPS showed an increase in respiratory burst activity, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα production in plasma, and transcription of the macrophage surface markers. This study has demonstrated for the first time that trained immunity was induced with oral doses of β-glucan upon LPS challenge in mammals using newborn goats.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Angulo M, Sanchez V, Guluarte C, Angulo C. β-D-glucan from marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii BCS004 enhanced intestinal health and glucan-expressed receptor genes in Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104141. [PMID: 32173493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii BCS004 (also known as Dh004) has a potential biotechnological application. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural characterization, antioxidant properties and possible health inductor of dietary β-D-glucan BCS004. In this study, a glucan BCS004 was obtained containing (1-6)-branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan with low molecular weight and a high purity of 90 and 91.7% for one and 4 h, respectively. β-D-glucan BCS004 showed higher antioxidant activity, including DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging, β-carotene bleaching inhibition, and iron chelation activity. An in vitro study showed that β-D-glucan BCS004 was safe for peripheral blood leukocytes inducing proliferative effects. Moreover, in an in vivo study using β-D-glucan BCS004 no histopathological damages or intestinal inflammation were observed in fish. The gene expression analysis highlighted that dietary β-D-glucan BCS004 could also up-regulate glucan and macrophage receptor genes in intestine, such as C-type lectin (CTL) and macrophage mannose receptors (MMR). Overall, the results demonstrated that β-D-glucan from D. hansenii BCS004 could be an immunostimulant with antioxidant properties and beneficial effects on intestinal health in fish.
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Guluarte C, Reyes-Becerril M, Gonzalez-Silvera D, Cuesta A, Angulo C, Esteban MÁ. Probiotic properties and fatty acid composition of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis M3. In vivo immunomodulatory activities in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:389-397. [PMID: 31520749 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the probiotic potential, fatty acid composition and immunostimulant activities of Kluyveromyces lactis M3 isolated from a hypersaline sediment. For this purpose, K. lactis M3 resistance to different pH, salinities and bile, as well as its antioxidant capability were assayed. Furthermore, total fatty acid composition of the yeast was determined where the dominant fatty acids were palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acids. K. lactis M3 showed no cytotoxic effects on peripheral blood leukocytes. During an in vivo experiment in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), dietary K. lactis M3 supplemented at 0.55 or 1.1% of the basal diet enhanced bactericidal activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus N16, V. harveyi Lg 16/00, and V. anguillarum CECT 43442 compared to fish fed commercial diet (control group). Finally, nitric oxide production, peroxidase activity and skin mucus lectin union levels strongly increased in fish fed K. lactis M3 with respect to the control group. The results suggested that the yeast K. lactis M3 had exhibited high antioxidant capability, and its dietary administration at 0.55 or 1% basal diet had immunostimulant activity for gilthead seabream. For all these reasons, it should be considered an appropriate probiotic candidate for the aquaculture fish industry.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Martínez-Preciado A, Guluarte C, Guerra K, Tovar-Ramirez D, Macias ME, Angulo C. Phytochemical composition and immunobiological activity of Hawthorn Crataegus mexicana nanoencapsulated in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:308-314. [PMID: 31200073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the presence of phenolic compounds in Hawthorn Crataegus mexicana, species native to Mexico, nanoencapsulated (CmNano) with maltodextrin at 100 and 170 °C (CmNano100 and CmNano170) and its antioxidant and immunological effects in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. The phytochemical study revealed an important level of total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) and tannin (CTC) contents in CmNano100, which correlated with a strong antioxidant capacity. CmNano100 or 170 were safe or not cytotoxic for head-kidney (HKL) and peripheral blood (PBL) leukocytes. The in vitro study demonstrated that CmNano increased the percentage of phagocytic cells, stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species, and modulated antioxidant ability by increasing superoxide dismutase activity in leukocytes with respect to the control group. In addition, CmNano100 also increased the transcription of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and down-regulated MyD88 and TNF-α mRNA transcription. These results suggest that maltodextrin nanoencapsulates protected and maintained the antioxidant properties of C. mexicana. In addition, they enhanced antioxidant and immunological parameters in Longfin yellowtail S. rivoliana leukocytes. Therefore, this study provides novel insights of CmNano for its potential application as functional food in aquaculture.
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