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Flahou B, Modrý D, Pomajbíková K, Petrželková KJ, Smet A, Ducatelle R, Pasmans F, Sá RM, Todd A, Hashimoto C, Mulama M, Kiang J, Rossi M, Haesebrouck F. Diversity of zoonotic enterohepatic Helicobacter species and detection of a putative novel gastric Helicobacter species in wild and wild-born captive chimpanzees and western lowland gorillas. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:186-94. [PMID: 25248691 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A number of Helicobacter species cause gastrointestinal or hepatic disease in humans, including H. pylori, gastric non-H. pylori helicobacters from animal origin and enterohepatic Helicobacter species. Little is known on the presence of Helicobacter species in great apes, our closest living relatives and potential reservoirs of microorganisms that might emerge in humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of gastric and enterohepatic Helicobacter species in African chimpanzees and gorillas. Fresh fecal samples were collected from wild endangered chimpanzees and critically endangered western lowland gorillas from different African National Parks, as well as wild-born captive animals from primate sanctuaries. Intact Helicobacter bacteria were demonstrated in feces by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Screening using a Helicobacter genus-specific PCR revealed the presence of Helicobacter DNA in the majority of animals in all groups. Cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed a high homology to sequences from various zoonotic enterohepatic Helicobacter species, including H. cinaedi and H. canadensis. A number of gorillas and chimpanzees also tested positive using PCR assays designed to amplify part of the ureAB gene cluster and the hsp60 gene of gastric helicobacters. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of a putative novel zoonotic gastric Helicobacter taxon/species. For this species, we propose the name 'Candidatus Helicobacter homininae', pending isolation and further genetic characterization. The presence of several Helicobacter species not only implies a possible health threat for these endangered great apes, but also a possible zoonotic transmission of gastric and enterohepatic helicobacters from these primate reservoirs to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; CEITEC, Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Pomajbíková
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára J Petrželková
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Mammal Ecology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kvetna 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; Liberec ZOO, Masarykova 1347/31, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Rui M Sá
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Centre for Research in Anthropology, ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Av. Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Angelique Todd
- WWF, Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Chie Hashimoto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Martin Mulama
- Sweetwaters Chimpanzee Sanctuary, Ol Pejeta Conservancy, 10400 Nanyuki, Kenya
| | | | - Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Health and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66 (Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Pomajbíková K, Oborník M, Horák A, Petrželková KJ, Grim JN, Levecke B, Todd A, Mulama M, Kiyang J, Modrý D. Novel insights into the genetic diversity of Balantidium and Balantidium-like cyst-forming ciliates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2140. [PMID: 23556024 PMCID: PMC3610628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Balantidiasis is considered a neglected zoonotic disease with pigs serving as reservoir hosts. However, Balantidium coli has been recorded in many other mammalian species, including primates. Here, we evaluated the genetic diversity of B. coli in non-human primates using two gene markers (SSrDNA and ITS1-5.8SDNA-ITS2). We analyzed 49 isolates of ciliates from fecal samples originating from 11 species of captive and wild primates, domestic pigs and wild boar. The phylogenetic trees were computed using Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood. Balantidium entozoon from edible frog and Buxtonella sulcata from cattle were included in the analyses as the closest relatives of B. coli, as well as reference sequences of vestibuliferids. The SSrDNA tree showed the same phylogenetic diversification of B. coli at genus level as the tree constructed based on the ITS region. Based on the polymorphism of SSrDNA sequences, the type species of the genus, namely B. entozoon, appeared to be phylogenetically distinct from B. coli. Thus, we propose a new genus Neobalantidium for the homeothermic clade. Moreover, several isolates from both captive and wild primates (excluding great apes) clustered with B. sulcata with high support, suggesting the existence of a new species within this genus. The cysts of Buxtonella and Neobalantidium are morphologically indistinguishable and the presence of Buxtonella-like ciliates in primates opens the question about possible occurrence of these pathogens in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Domestic
- Animals, Wild
- Balantidiasis/parasitology
- Balantidiasis/veterinary
- Balantidium/classification
- Balantidium/genetics
- Balantidium/isolation & purification
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Genes, rRNA
- Genetic Variation
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Primate Diseases/parasitology
- Primates
- RNA, Protozoan/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Pomajbíková
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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