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Parris P, Whelan G, Burild A, Whritenour J, Bruen U, Bercu J, Callis C, Chilton ML, Graham J, Johann E, Johnson C, Griffin T, Kohan M, Martin EA, Masuda-Herrera M, Stanard B, Cruz MT, Nagao L. Sensitization Assessment of Extractables and Leachables in Pharmaceuticals: ELSIE Database Analysis. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2023:pdajpst.2022.012811. [PMID: 37714567 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2022.012811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Quality by design is the foundation of the risk management framework for extractables and leachables (E&Ls) recommended by the Extractables and Leachables Safety Information Exchange (ELSIE). Following these principles during the selection of materials for pharmaceutical product development minimizes the presence of highly toxic substances and decreases the health risk of potential leachables in the drug product. Therefore, in the context of the broad arena of chemicals, it is important to distinguish E&Ls as a subset of chemicals and evaluate this relevant chemical space to derive appropriate analytical and safety thresholds. When considering the health hazards posed by E&Ls, one area presenting a challenge is understanding the sensitization potential and whether it poses a risk to patients. A dataset of E&Ls compiled by ELSIE (n=466) was analysed to determine the prevalence and potency of skin sensitizers in this chemical subset and explore a scientifically justified approach to the sensitization assessment of potential leachables in parenteral drug products. Approximately half of the compounds (56%, 259/466) had sensitization data recorded in the ELSIE database and of these, 20% (52/259) are potential skin sensitizers. Only 3% (8/259) of the E&L dataset with sensitization data were considered potent (strong or extreme) sensitizers following in silico analysis and expert review, illustrating that potent sensitizers are not routinely observed as leachables in pharmaceutical products. Our analysis highlights that in silico potency prediction and expert review are key tools during the sensitization assessment process for E&Ls. The results confirm where material selection is anticipated to mitigate the risk of presence of strong and/or extreme sensitizers (e.g., extractable testing via ISO 10993-10), and that implementing thresholds per ICH M7 and/or Masuda-Herrera et al. provides a reasonably conservative approach for establishing the analytical testing and safety thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Parris
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Sandwich, UK;
| | | | - Anders Burild
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Safety Sciences and Imaging, Malov, Denmark
| | | | - Uma Bruen
- Organon USA Inc., Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - Joel Bercu
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Courtney Callis
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martyn L Chilton
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | | | | | | | - Troy Griffin
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Martin Kohan
- formerly of Global Sustainability, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Macmillan DS, Chilton ML, Hillegass J. Improvements to in silico skin sensitisation predictions through privacy-preserving data sharing. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 137:105292. [PMID: 36400282 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In silico models are often built solely on publicly available data which may mean that they are less predictive for proprietary chemical space. Data sharing initiatives can improve the performance of such models, but organisations are often unable to share their data due to the need to protect their business interests and maintain the confidentiality of the chemicals in their research and development programmes. In silico models like Derek Nexus, which use expert knowledge to develop structural alerts based on chemical toxicity, can use proprietary data to identify new areas of chemical space and/or refine existing alerts whilst still preserving the privacy of the confidential data. Five hundred and thirty seven proprietary chemicals with skin sensitisation data were shared which led to the implementation of 7 new alerts and 5 modified alerts, with a concomitant 19% increase in sensitivity and 3% increase in specificity of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna S Macmillan
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK.
| | - Martyn L Chilton
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Jedd Hillegass
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
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Macmillan DS, Chilton ML, Gao Y, Kern PS, Schneider SN. How to resolve inconclusive predictions from defined approaches for skin sensitisation in OECD Guideline No. 497. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 135:105248. [PMID: 36007801 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In June 2021 the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development published Guideline No. 497 on Defined Approaches for Skin Sensitisation (DASS GL). There are two DAs published, known as the 2o3 and the ITS. The 2o3 uses two concordant results from either the DPRA, KeratinoSens™, or the h-CLAT assays to predict hazard (sensitiser/non-sensitiser). The ITS applies a score to results from the DPRA, the h-CLAT and an in silico model to predict United Nations Globally Harmonized System (GHS) sub-categories (1A/1B/Not Classified). The ITS can use Derek Nexus as the in silico model (known as ITSv1) or use OECD QSAR Toolbox (known as ITSv2). As limitations of the individual in chemico/in vitro assays and in silico predictions are carried through to the DAs, inconclusive predictions are possible for chemicals with results in the borderline range, and chemicals with out of domain results. However, these inconclusive predictions can be resolved by applying a weight of evidence approach. Herein, four case studies are presented, each 'inconclusive' for skin sensitisation potential according to both DAs. A weight of evidence approach was applied to each using a robust scientific approach to provide a conclusive prediction, where possible, based on several additional, non-animal lines of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna S Macmillan
- Humane Society International, 1255 23rd St. NW, Suite 450. Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Martyn L Chilton
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Yuan Gao
- Procter & Gamble Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, China
| | - Petra S Kern
- Procter & Gamble Services NV, Temselaan 100, B-1853, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
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Chilton ML, Api AM, Foster RS, Gerberick GF, Lavelle M, Macmillan DS, Na M, O'Brien D, O'Leary-Steele C, Patel M, Ponting DJ, Roberts DW, Safford RJ, Tennant RE. Updating the Dermal Sensitisation Thresholds using an expanded dataset and an in silico expert system. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 133:105200. [PMID: 35662638 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Dermal Sensitisation Thresholds (DST) are Thresholds of Toxicological Concern, which can be used to justify exposure-based waiving when conducting a skin sensitisation risk assessment. This study aimed to update the published DST values by expanding the size of the Local Lymph Node Assay dataset upon which they are based, whilst assigning chemical reactivity using an in silico expert system (Derek Nexus). The potency values within the expanded dataset fitted a similar gamma distribution to that observed for the original dataset. Derek Nexus was used to classify the sensitisation activity of the 1152 chemicals in the expanded dataset and to predict which chemicals belonged to a High Potency Category (HPC). This two-step classification led to three updated thresholds: a non-reactive DST of 710 μg/cm2 (based on 79 sensitisers), a reactive (non-HPC) DST of 73 μg/cm2 (based on 331 sensitisers) and an HPC DST of 1.0 μg/cm2 (based on 146 sensitisers). Despite the dataset containing twice as many sensitisers, these values are similar to the previously published thresholds, highlighting their robustness and increasing confidence in their use. By classifying reactivity in silico the updated DSTs can be applied within a skin sensitisation risk assessment in a reproducible, scalable and accessible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn L Chilton
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK.
| | - Anne Marie Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Robert S Foster
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | | | - Maura Lavelle
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Donna S Macmillan
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Mihwa Na
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Devin O'Brien
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | | | - Mukesh Patel
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - David J Ponting
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - David W Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Robert J Safford
- B-Safe Toxicology Consulting, 31 Hayway, Rushden, Northants, NN10 6AG, UK
| | - Rachael E Tennant
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
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Graham JC, Trejo-Martin A, Chilton ML, Kostal J, Bercu J, Beutner GL, Bruen US, Dolan DG, Gomez S, Hillegass J, Nicolette J, Schmitz M. An Evaluation of the Occupational Health Hazards of Peptide Couplers. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1011-1022. [PMID: 35532537 PMCID: PMC9214767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide couplers (also known as amide bond-forming reagents or coupling reagents) are broadly used in organic chemical syntheses, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Yet, occupational health hazards associated with this chemical class are largely unexplored, which is disconcerting given the intrinsic reactivity of these compounds. Several case studies involving occupational exposures reported adverse respiratory and dermal health effects, providing initial evidence of chemical sensitization. To address the paucity of toxicological data, a pharmaceutical cross-industry task force was formed to evaluate and assess the potential of these compounds to cause eye and dermal irritation as well as corrosivity and dermal sensitization. The goal of our work was to inform health and safety professionals as well as pharmaceutical and organic chemists of the occupational health hazards associated with this chemical class. To that end, 25 of the most commonly used peptide couplers and five hydrolysis products were selected for in vivo, in vitro, and in silico testing. Our findings confirmed that dermal sensitization is a concern for this chemical class with 21/25 peptide couplers testing positive for dermal sensitization and 15 of these being strong/extreme sensitizers. We also found that dermal corrosion and irritation (8/25) as well as eye irritation (9/25) were health hazards associated with peptide couplers and their hydrolysis products (4/5 were dermal irritants or corrosive and 4/5 were eye irritants). Resulting outcomes were synthesized to inform decision making in peptide coupler selection and enable data-driven hazard communication to workers. The latter includes harmonized hazard classifications, appropriate handling recommendations, and accurate safety data sheets, which support the industrial hygiene hierarchy of control strategies and risk assessment. Our study demonstrates the merits of an integrated, in vivo -in silico analysis, applied here to the skin sensitization endpoint using the Computer-Aided Discovery and REdesign (CADRE) and Derek Nexus programs. We show that experimental data can improve predictive models by filling existing data gaps while, concurrently, providing computational insights into key initiating events and elucidating the chemical structural features contributing to adverse health effects. This interactive, interdisciplinary approach is consistent with Green Chemistry principles that seek to improve the selection and design of less hazardous reagents in industrial processes and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Graham
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Martyn L Chilton
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Jakub Kostal
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Joel Bercu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gregory L Beutner
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Uma S Bruen
- Organon, Inc., 30 Hudson Street, Jersey City, New Jersey 07302, United States
| | - David G Dolan
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
| | - Stephen Gomez
- Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jedd Hillegass
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - John Nicolette
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Matthew Schmitz
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 35 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Ball T, Barber CG, Cayley A, Chilton ML, Foster R, Fowkes A, Heghes C, Hill E, Hill N, Kane S, Macmillan DS, Myden A, Newman D, Polit A, Stalford SA, Vessey JD. Beyond adverse outcome pathways: making toxicity predictions from event networks, SAR models, data and knowledge. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:102-122. [PMID: 33613978 PMCID: PMC7885198 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways have shown themselves to be useful ways of understanding and expressing knowledge about sequences of events that lead to adverse outcomes (AOs) such as toxicity. In this paper we use the building blocks of adverse outcome pathways-namely key events (KEs) and key event relationships-to construct networks which can be used to make predictions of the likelihood of AOs. The networks of KEs are augmented by data from and knowledge about assays as well as by structure activity relationship predictions linking chemical classes to the observation of KEs. These inputs are combined within a reasoning framework to produce an information-rich display of the relevant knowledge and data and predictions of AOs both in the abstract case and for individual chemicals. Illustrative examples are given for skin sensitization, reprotoxicity and non-genotoxic carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ball
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | | | - Alex Cayley
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Martyn L Chilton
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Robert Foster
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Adrian Fowkes
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Crina Heghes
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Emma Hill
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Natasha Hill
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Steven Kane
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Donna S Macmillan
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Alun Myden
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Daniel Newman
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Artur Polit
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | | | - Jonathan D Vessey
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
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7
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Macmillan DS, Chilton ML. A defined approach for predicting skin sensitisation hazard and potency based on the guided integration of in silico, in chemico and in vitro data using exclusion criteria. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 101:35-47. [PMID: 30439387 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A decision tree-based defined approach (DA) has been designed using exclusion criteria based on applicability domain knowledge of in chemico/in vitro information sources covering key events 1-3 in the skin sensitisation adverse outcome pathway and an in silico tool predicting the adverse outcome (Derek Nexus). The hypothesis is that using exclusion criteria to de-prioritise less applicable assays and/or in silico outcomes produces a rational, transparent, and reliable DA for the prediction of skin sensitisation potential. Five exclusion criteria have been established: Derek Nexus reasoning level, Derek Nexus negative prediction, metabolism, lipophilicity, and lysine-reactivity. These are used to prioritise the most suitable information sources for a given chemical and results from which are used in a '2 out of 3' approach to provide a prediction of hazard. A potency category (and corresponding GHS classification) is then assigned using a k-Nearest Neighbours model containing human and LLNA data. The DA correctly identified the hazard (sensitiser/non-sensitiser) for 85% and 86% of a dataset with reference LLNA and human data. The correct potency category was identified for 59% and 68% of chemicals, and the GHS classification accurately predicted for 73% and 76% with reference LLNA and human data, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna S Macmillan
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK.
| | - Martyn L Chilton
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
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Chilton ML, Macmillan DS, Steger-Hartmann T, Hillegass J, Bellion P, Vuorinen A, Etter S, Smith BP, White A, Sterchele P, De Smedt A, Glogovac M, Glowienke S, O'Brien D, Parakhia R. Making reliable negative predictions of human skin sensitisation using an in silico fragmentation approach. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:227-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Patel M, Chilton ML, Sartini A, Gibson L, Barber C, Covey-Crump L, Przybylak KR, Cronin MTD, Madden JC. Assessment and Reproducibility of Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Models by the Nonexpert. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:673-682. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Patel
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, England
| | - Martyn L. Chilton
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, England
| | - Andrea Sartini
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, England
| | - Laura Gibson
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, England
| | - Chris Barber
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, England
| | - Liz Covey-Crump
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, England
| | - Katarzyna R. Przybylak
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
| | - Mark T. D. Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
| | - Judith C. Madden
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
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Canipa SJ, Chilton ML, Hemingway R, Macmillan DS, Myden A, Plante JP, Tennant RE, Vessey JD, Steger-Hartmann T, Gould J, Hillegass J, Etter S, Smith BPC, White A, Sterchele P, De Smedt A, O'Brien D, Parakhia R. A quantitative in silico
model for predicting skin sensitization using a nearest neighbours approach within expert-derived structure-activity alert spaces. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:985-995. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Canipa
- Lhasa Limited; Granary Wharf House 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS UK
| | | | - Rachel Hemingway
- Lhasa Limited; Granary Wharf House 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS UK
| | | | - Alun Myden
- Lhasa Limited; Granary Wharf House 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Janet Gould
- Bristol-Myers Squibb; 1 Squibb Drive New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA
| | - Jedd Hillegass
- Bristol-Myers Squibb; 1 Squibb Drive New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA
| | - Sylvain Etter
- Firmenich S.A.; Rue de la Bergère 7 Meyrin 2 CH-1217 Switzerland
| | | | | | - Paul Sterchele
- International Flavors & Fragrances Inc.; 800 Rose Lane Union Beach NJ 07735 USA
| | - Ann De Smedt
- Janssen Research and Development; Turnhoutseweg 30 Beerse B-2340 Belgium
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Macmillan DS, Canipa SJ, Chilton ML, Williams RV, Barber CG. Predicting skin sensitisation using a decision tree integrated testing strategy with an in silico model and in chemico/in vitro assays. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 76:30-8. [PMID: 26796566 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for non-animal methods to predict skin sensitisation potential and a number of in chemico and in vitro assays have been designed with this in mind. However, some compounds can fall outside the applicability domain of these in chemico/in vitro assays and may not be predicted accurately. Rule-based in silico models such as Derek Nexus are expert-derived from animal and/or human data and the mechanism-based alert domain can take a number of factors into account (e.g. abiotic/biotic activation). Therefore, Derek Nexus may be able to predict for compounds outside the applicability domain of in chemico/in vitro assays. To this end, an integrated testing strategy (ITS) decision tree using Derek Nexus and a maximum of two assays (from DPRA, KeratinoSens, LuSens, h-CLAT and U-SENS) was developed. Generally, the decision tree improved upon other ITS evaluated in this study with positive and negative predictivity calculated as 86% and 81%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that an ITS using an in silico model such as Derek Nexus with a maximum of two in chemico/in vitro assays can predict the sensitising potential of a number of chemicals, including those outside the applicability domain of existing non-animal assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna S Macmillan
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK.
| | - Steven J Canipa
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Martyn L Chilton
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
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