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Noguchi M, Yi H, Rosenblatt HM, Filipovich AH, Adelstein S, Modi WS, McBride OW, Leonard WJ. Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain mutation results in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency in humans. Cell 1993; 73:147-57. [PMID: 8462096 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90167-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 973] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma chain (IL-2R gamma) is a component of high and intermediate affinity IL-2 receptors that is required to achieve full ligand binding affinity and internalization. We have localized the IL-2R gamma gene to human chromosome Xq13. Genetic linkage analysis indicates that the IL-2R gamma gene and the locus for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) appear to be at the same position. Moreover, we demonstrate that each of three unrelated patients with XSCID has a different mutation in his IL-2R gamma gene resulting in a different premature stop codon and predicted C-terminal truncation. These data establish that XSCID is associated with mutations of the IL-2R gamma gene product. Since XSCID is characterized by absent or markedly reduced numbers of T cells, our findings imply that IL-2R gamma plays a vital role in thymic maturation of T cells. These results also have important implications for prenatal and postnatal diagnosis, carrier female detection, and gene therapy for XSCID.
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973 |
2
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Noguchi M, Morikawa A, Kawasaki M, Matsuno Y, Yamada T, Hirohashi S, Kondo H, Shimosato Y. Small adenocarcinoma of the lung. Histologic characteristics and prognosis. Cancer 1995; 75:2844-52. [PMID: 7773933 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19950615)75:12<2844::aid-cncr2820751209>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 929] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are many reported prognostic indicators for pulmonary adenocarcinoma, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of early stage adenocarcinoma have not been evaluated fully, except for several studies of nonmucinous and sclerosing bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. METHOD Two hundred thirty-six surgically resected small peripheral adenocarcinomas measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension were reviewed using a simple histologic classification of six types based on tumor growth patterns. RESULTS Type A (localized bronchioloalveolar carcinoma [LBAC]) (n = 14) revealed replacement growth of alveolar-lining epithelial cells with a relatively thin stroma. In type B (LBAC with foci of structural collapse of alveoli) (n = 14), fibrotic foci due to alveolar collapse were observed in tumors of LBAC. Type C (LBAC with foci of active fibroblastic proliferation) (n = 141) was the largest group in this study, and foci of active fibroblastic proliferation were evident. Type D (poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma), type E (tubular adenocarcinoma) and type F (papillary adenocarcinoma with a compressive growth pattern) (n = 61) showed compressive and expanding growth. Types A and B showed no lymph node metastasis and the most favorable prognosis (100% 5-year survival) of the six types. CONCLUSION Histologic types A and B are thought to be in situ peripheral adenocarcinoma, whereas type C appears to be an advanced stage of types A and B. Conversely, types D, E, and F are small advanced adenocarcinomas with a less favorable prognosis.
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Cao X, Shores EW, Hu-Li J, Anver MR, Kelsall BL, Russell SM, Drago J, Noguchi M, Grinberg A, Bloom ET. Defective lymphoid development in mice lacking expression of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain. Immunity 1995; 2:223-38. [PMID: 7697543 DOI: 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 813] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The common gamma chain (gamma c) of the IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 receptors is defective in humans with XSCID. Mice lacking gamma c expression had hypoplastic thymuses; the thymocytes responded to gamma c-independent mitogens, but not gamma c-dependent stimuli. Splenic T cells were diminished at 3 weeks of age, but CD4+ T cells markedly increased by 4 weeks. B cells were greatly diminished in contrast with the situation in XSCID. NK cells, gamma delta intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, dendritic epidermal T cells, peripheral lymph nodes, and gut-associated lymphoid tissue were absent. These findings underscore the importance of gamma c in lymphoid development. Moreover, differences in humans and mice lacking gamma c expression indicate species-specific differences in the roles of gamma c-dependent cytokines or in the existence of redundant pathways. These mice provide an important model for studying the pathophysiology provide an important model for studying the pathophysiology of and gene therapy for human XSCID.
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Noguchi M, Nakamura Y, Russell SM, Ziegler SF, Tsang M, Cao X, Leonard WJ. Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain: a functional component of the interleukin-7 receptor. Science 1993; 262:1877-80. [PMID: 8266077 DOI: 10.1126/science.8266077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 637] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain (IL-2R gamma) is a necessary component of functional IL-2 receptors. IL-2R gamma mutations result in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) in humans, a disease characterized by the presence of few or no T cells. In contrast, SCID patients with IL-2 deficiency and IL-2-deficient mice have normal numbers of T cells, suggesting that IL-2R gamma is part of more than one cytokine receptor. By using chemical cross-linking, IL-2R gamma was shown to be physically associated with the IL-7 receptor. The presence of IL-2R gamma augmented both IL-7 binding affinity and the efficiency of internalization of IL-7. These findings may help explain the defects of XSCID. Given its role in more than one cytokine receptor system, the common gamma chain (gamma c) is proposed as the designation for IL-2R gamma.
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Russell SM, Tayebi N, Nakajima H, Riedy MC, Roberts JL, Aman MJ, Migone TS, Noguchi M, Markert ML, Buckley RH, O'Shea JJ, Leonard WJ. Mutation of Jak3 in a patient with SCID: essential role of Jak3 in lymphoid development. Science 1995; 270:797-800. [PMID: 7481768 DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5237.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 618] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Males with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) have defects in the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma c) gene that encodes a shared, essential component of the receptors of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. The Janus family tyrosine kinase Jak3 is the only signaling molecule known to be associated with gamma c, so it was hypothesized that defects in Jak3 might cause an XSCID-like phenotype. A girl with immunological features indistinguishable from those of XSCID was therefore selected for analysis. An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cell line derived from her lymphocytes had normal gamma c expression but lacked Jak3 protein and had greatly diminished Jak3 messenger RNA. Sequencing revealed a different mutation on each allele: a single nucleotide insertion resulting in a frame shift and premature termination in the Jak3 JH4 domain and a nonsense mutation in the Jak3 JH2 domain. The lack of Jak3 expression correlated with impaired B cell signaling, as demonstrated by the inability of IL-4 to activate Stat6 in the EBV-transformed cell line from the patient. These observations indicate that the functions of gamma c are dependent on Jak3 and that Jak3 is essential for lymphoid development and signaling.
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Case Reports |
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Russell SM, Keegan AD, Harada N, Nakamura Y, Noguchi M, Leland P, Friedmann MC, Miyajima A, Puri RK, Paul WE. Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain: a functional component of the interleukin-4 receptor. Science 1993; 262:1880-3. [PMID: 8266078 DOI: 10.1126/science.8266078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma chain (IL-2R gamma) is an essential component of high- and intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptors. IL-2R gamma was demonstrated to be a component of the IL-4 receptor on the basis of chemical cross-linking data, the ability of IL-2R gamma to augment IL-4 binding affinity, and the requirement for IL-2R gamma in IL-4-mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. The observation that IL-2R gamma is a functional component of the IL-4 receptor, together with the finding that IL-2R gamma associates with the IL-7 receptor, begins to elucidate why deficiency of this common gamma chain (gamma c) has a profound effect on lymphoid function and development, as seen in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency.
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589 |
7
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Russell SM, Johnston JA, Noguchi M, Kawamura M, Bacon CM, Friedmann M, Berg M, McVicar DW, Witthuhn BA, Silvennoinen O. Interaction of IL-2R beta and gamma c chains with Jak1 and Jak3: implications for XSCID and XCID. Science 1994; 266:1042-5. [PMID: 7973658 DOI: 10.1126/science.7973658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling requires the dimerization of the IL-2 receptor beta.(IL-2R beta) and common gamma (gamma c) chains. Mutations of gamma c can result in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID). IL-2, IL-4, IL-7 (whose receptors are known to contain gamma c), and IL-9 (whose receptor is shown here to contain gamma c) induced the tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the Janus family tyrosine kinases Jak1 and Jak3. Jak1 and Jak3 associated with IL-2R beta and gamma c, respectively; IL-2 induced Jak3-IL-2R beta and increased Jak3-gamma c associations. Truncations of gamma c, and a gamma c, point mutation causing moderate X-linked combined immunodeficiency (XCID), decreased gamma c-Jak3 association. Thus, gamma c mutations in at least some XSCID and XCID patients prevent normal Jak3 activation, suggesting that mutations of Jak3 may result in an XSCID-like phenotype.
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Koga K, Matsuno Y, Noguchi M, Mukai K, Asamura H, Goya T, Shimosato Y. A review of 79 thymomas: modification of staging system and reappraisal of conventional division into invasive and non-invasive thymoma. Pathol Int 1994; 44:359-67. [PMID: 8044305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1994.tb02936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A clinicopathological study of surgically resected thymomas was performed using Masaoka's staging and modified Masaoka's staging systems, and the utility of these two staging systems was compared. The modification enabled adjustment for the disproportion in the number of cases between Stage I and Stage II. Analysis of survival rates, according to the tumor stage, indicated that the old classification should be reappraised, that is, division into non-invasive and invasive thymomas, although staging may contribute to the indication for postoperative radiotherapy, especially for Stage II disease. Analysis of the cases showed a wide spectrum of aggressiveness, varying from cases showing slow progression with a relatively favorable prognosis, such as the spindle cell type, to cases with rapid progression leading to tumor death in a relatively short time, such as the epithelial cell predominant and polygonal cell type. The pathological stage at the time of first surgical resection would reflect the degree of aggressiveness of thymoma in many instances. Therefore, not only staging the tumor extent but also grading of its aggressiveness are needed in order to predict the prognosis of patients with thymoma. For the latter, histology and cytopathology are helpful.
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31 |
335 |
9
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Mendez MJ, Green LL, Corvalan JR, Jia XC, Maynard-Currie CE, Yang XD, Gallo ML, Louie DM, Lee DV, Erickson KL, Luna J, Roy CM, Abderrahim H, Kirschenbaum F, Noguchi M, Smith DH, Fukushima A, Hales JF, Klapholz S, Finer MH, Davis CG, Zsebo KM, Jakobovits A. Functional transplant of megabase human immunoglobulin loci recapitulates human antibody response in mice. Nat Genet 1997; 15:146-56. [PMID: 9020839 DOI: 10.1038/ng0297-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We constructed two megabase-sized YACs containing large contiguous fragments of the human heavy and kappa (kappa) light chain immunoglobulin (Ig) loci in nearly germline configuration, including approximately 66 VH and 32 V kappa genes. We introduced these YACs into Ig-inactivated mice and observed human antibody production which closely resembled that seen in humans in all respects, including gene rearrangement, assembly, and repertoire. Diverse Ig gene usage together with somatic hypermutation enables the mice to generate high affinity fully human antibodies to multiple antigens, including human proteins. Our results underscore the importance of the large Ig fragments with multiple V genes for restoration of a normal humoral immune response. These mice are likely to be a valuable tool for the generation of therapeutic antibodies.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibody Affinity
- Antibody Diversity
- Antibody Formation
- B-Lymphocytes/cytology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/immunology
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Hybridomas/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics
- Interleukin-8/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Species Specificity
- Transgenes
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
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283 |
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Sato K, Noguchi M, Demachi A, Oki N, Endo M. A Mechanism of Lithium Storage in Disordered Carbons. Science 1994; 264:556-8. [PMID: 17732740 DOI: 10.1126/science.264.5158.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution electron microscopy and lithium-7 nuclear magnetic resonance measurements were carried out for a disordered carbon material, prepared by heat treatment of polyphenylene, in which lithium was stored electrochemically. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum suggests the existence of Li(2) covalent molecules in the carbon material. This extra covalent site of lithium storage promises extraordinarily high energy density for secondary batteries.
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256 |
11
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Kanai T, Hirohashi S, Upton MP, Noguchi M, Kishi K, Makuuchi M, Yamasaki S, Hasegawa H, Takayasu K, Moriyama N. Pathology of small hepatocellular carcinoma. A proposal for a new gross classification. Cancer 1987; 60:810-9. [PMID: 2439190 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19870815)60:4<810::aid-cncr2820600417>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Review of 61 surgically resected small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter yielded a simple gross classification system of five types based on tumor shape, which is highly correlated with microscopic and clinical features, including prognosis. Type 1 (single nodular type) tumors (n = 13) are expansile, roughly spheric, and often encapsulated. In Type 2 tumors (single nodular type with extranodular growth) (n = 21), replacing growth is often seen in the area of extranodular growth. Type 3 tumors (contiguous multinodular type) (n = 19) consist of small nodules growing in contiguity, often with replacing growth at the periphery. Type 4 (poorly demarcated nodular type) is a rare tumor showing infiltrating growth at its border. The authors define early HCC (n = 5) as the presence of tumor without destruction of the underlying liver structure. The lesions experienced are tiny (less than or equal to 1.2 cm) and well differentiated. Poorly differentiated histologic characteristics and elevated alpha fetoprotein are more common in Types 2 and 3 than in Type 1. Type 1 has the highest rates of positive serum hepatitis B surface antigen and liver cirrhosis; portal vein tumor thrombus (PT) and/or intrahepatic metastasis (IM) is rare (7.7%), and the effect of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is remarkable. This contrasts with Type 2, which has a high rate of PT and/or IM (71.4%) and multiple local recurrences (40%), and with Type 3, which shows a poor response to TAE.
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Comparative Study |
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Abstract
Human T cell prolymphocytic leukemia can result from chromosomal translocations involving 14q32.1 or Xq28 regions. The regions encode a family of protooncogenes (TCL1, MTCP1, and TCL1b) of unknown function. In yeast two-hybrid screening, we found that TCL1 interacts with Akt. All TCL1 isoforms bind to the Akt pleckstrin homology domain. Both in vitro and in vivo TCL1 increases Akt kinase activity and as a consequence enhances substrate phosphorylation. In vivo, TCL1 stabilizes the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and enhances cell proliferation and survival. In vivo, TCL1 forms trimers, which associate with Akt. TCL1 facilitates the oligomerization and activation of Akt. Our data show that TCL1 is a novel Akt kinase coactivator, which promotes Akt-induced cell survival and proliferation.
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241 |
13
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Inouye S, Noguchi M, Sakaki Y, Takagi Y, Miyata T, Iwanaga S, Miyata T, Tsuji FI. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for the luminescent protein aequorin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985; 82:3154-8. [PMID: 3858813 PMCID: PMC397733 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.10.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The luminescent jellyfish Aequorea contains a photoprotein, aequorin, which emits light by an intramolecular reaction in the presence of a trace amount of Ca2+. A cDNA library of Aequorea was constructed and clones carrying the cDNA for the Ca2+-dependent photoprotein were isolated by the method of colony hybridization using synthetic oligonucleotide probes. The primary structure of the protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence showed that the protein is composed of 189 amino acid residues and has three E-F hand structures that are characteristic for Ca2+-binding sites. The sequence also suggested that the protein has hydrophobic regions at which the protein may interact with its functional chromophore, coelenterazine.
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research-article |
40 |
230 |
14
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Green LL, Hardy MC, Maynard-Currie CE, Tsuda H, Louie DM, Mendez MJ, Abderrahim H, Noguchi M, Smith DH, Zeng Y, David NE, Sasai H, Garza D, Brenner DG, Hales JF, McGuinness RP, Capon DJ, Klapholz S, Jakobovits A. Antigen-specific human monoclonal antibodies from mice engineered with human Ig heavy and light chain YACs. Nat Genet 1994; 7:13-21. [PMID: 8075633 DOI: 10.1038/ng0594-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe a strategy for producing human monoclonal antibodies in mice by introducing large segments of the human heavy and kappa light chain loci contained on yeast artificial chromosomes into the mouse germline. Such mice produce a diverse repertoire of human heavy and light chains, and upon immunization with tetanus toxin have been used to derive antigen-specific, fully human monoclonal antibodies. Breeding such animals with mice engineered by gene targeting to be deficient in mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) production has led to a mouse strain in which high levels of antibodies are produced, mostly comprised of both human heavy and light chains. These strains should provide insight into the adoptive human antibody response and permit the development of fully human monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential.
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227 |
15
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Ueda T, Abe K, Miura A, Yuzuriha M, Zubair M, Noguchi M, Niwa K, Kawase Y, Kono T, Matsuda Y, Fujimoto H, Shibata H, Hayashizaki Y, Sasaki H. The paternal methylation imprint of the mouse H19 locus is acquired in the gonocyte stage during foetal testis development. Genes Cells 2000; 5:649-59. [PMID: 10947850 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline-specific differential DNA methylation that persists through fertilization and embryonic development is thought to be the 'imprint' distinguishing the parental alleles of imprinted genes. If such methylation is to work as the imprinting mechanism, however, it has to be reprogrammed following each passage through the germline. Previous studies on maternally methylated genes have shown that their methylation imprints are first erased in primordial germ cells (PGCs) and then re-established during oocyte growth. RESULTS We have examined the timing of the reprogramming of the paternal methylation imprint of the mouse H19 gene during germ cell development. In both male and female PGCs, the paternal allele is partially methylated whereas the maternal allele is unmethylated. This partial methylation is completely erased in the female germline by entry into meiosis, establishing the oocyte methylation pattern. In the male germline, both alleles become methylated, mainly during the gonocyte stage, establishing the sperm methylation pattern. CONCLUSION The paternal methylation imprint of H19 is established in the male germline and erased in the female germline at specific developmental stages. The identification of the timings of the methylation and demethylation should help to identify and characterize the biochemical basis of the reprogramming of imprinting.
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Comparative Study |
25 |
165 |
16
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Sugano M, Tsujita A, Yamasaki M, Noguchi M, Yamada K. Conjugated linoleic acid modulates tissue levels of chemical mediators and immunoglobulins in rats. Lipids 1998; 33:521-7. [PMID: 9625600 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-998-0236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the levels of chemical mediators in peritoneal exudate cells, spleen and lung, and the concentration of immunoglobulins in mesenteric lymph node and splenic lymphocytes and in serum were examined in rats. After feeding diets containing either 0 (control), 0.5 or 1.0% CLA for 3 wk, there was a trend toward a reduction in the release of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) from the exudate cells in response to the dietary CLA levels. However, CLA did not appear to affect the release of histamine. A similar dose-response pattern also was observed in splenic LTB4, lung LTC4 and serum prostaglandin E2 levels, and the differences in these indices between the control and 1.0% CLA groups were all statistically significant. The reduction by CLA of the proportions of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in peritoneal exudate cells and splenic lymphocyte total lipids seems to be responsible at least in part for the reduced eicosanoid levels. Splenic levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM increased while those of IgE decreased significantly in animals fed the 1.0% CLA diet. This was reflected in the serum levels of immunoglobulins. The levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes increased in a dose-dependent manner, while IgE was reduced in those fed the higher CLA intake. However, no differences were seen in the proportion of T-lymphocyte subsets of mesenteric lymph node. These results support the view that CLA mitigates the food-induced allergic reaction.
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162 |
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Uchino S, Noguchi M, Ochiai A, Saito T, Kobayashi M, Hirohashi S. p53 mutation in gastric cancer: a genetic model for carcinogenesis is common to gastric and colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 1993; 54:759-64. [PMID: 8392033 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910540509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mutation of the p53 tumour-suppressor gene in exons 5 through 8 was examined in 118 cases of gastric cancer (59 early gastric cancers and 59 advanced gastric cancers) using PCR-SSCP (polymerase-chain-reaction-single-strand-conformation polymorphism) analysis and direct sequencing. In early gastric cancer, mutations were found in 15 of 41 (37%) cases of the cohesive type, i.e., papillary adenocarcinoma, well to moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with solid nests or focal tubular structures, but were not detected in 18 cases of the non-cohesive type, i.e., signet-ring-cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma growing in a scattered manner. In advanced gastric cancer, 25 of 59 (42%) cases of the cohesive type had p53 mutation. No significant association was found between p53 mutation and other histopathological parameters such as macroscopic classification, lymph-node involvement and depth of tumour invasion. Fifteen of 25 (60%) mutations in the advanced gastric-cancer group were accompanied by allele loss at the p53 gene locus. Eighty-three percent of mutations in early gastric cancer and 52% of mutations in advanced gastric cancer showed G:C-to-A:T transition, almost exclusively at CpG dinucleotide mutational hot spots, indicating that the spectrum of p53 mutation was similar to that of colorectal cancer. These data suggest that the p53 mutation occurs selectively in gastric cancer of the cohesive type from the intramucosal cancer stage.
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Leonard WJ, Noguchi M, Russell SM, McBride OW. The molecular basis of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency: the role of the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain as a common gamma chain, gamma c. Immunol Rev 1994; 138:61-86. [PMID: 8070818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1994.tb00847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency is characterized by severe and persistent infections from early life resulting from profound impairment of both cellular and humoral immune function. XSCID is characterized by an absence or diminished number of T cells and histologic evidence of hypoplastic and abnormal differention of the thymic epithelium. The discovery that this disease results from the mutations of the IL-2R gamma chain was surprising since IL-2-deficient mice and human SCID patients had milder phenotypes. This led to the speculation that IL-2R gamma would prove to be a common gamma chain, gamma c, which would play important roles in other cytokine receptors in addition to the IL-2 receptor. There is now compelling evidence to support a role in at least two other cytokine receptors, namely the IL-4 and IL-7 receptors. Thus, with inactivation of gamma c, multiple cytokine systems are simultaneously affected, resulting in the profoundly impaired phenotype of XSCID. It is possible and even likely that gamma c will be found to be a functional component of additional receptors as well. These findings have resulted in a significant improvement in our understanding of the pathophysiologic development of the defects in XSCID and also have important ramifications for prenatal and postnatal diagnosis, carrier female identification, and gene therapy for XSCID.
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Review |
31 |
153 |
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Nakajima H, Shores EW, Noguchi M, Leonard WJ. The common cytokine receptor gamma chain plays an essential role in regulating lymphoid homeostasis. J Exp Med 1997; 185:189-95. [PMID: 9016868 PMCID: PMC2196113 DOI: 10.1084/jem.185.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the immune system, there is a careful regulation not only of lymphoid development and proliferation, but also of the fate of activated and proliferating cells. Although the manner in which these diverse events are coordinated is incompletely understood, cytokines are known to play major roles. Whereas IL-7 is essential for lymphoid development, IL-2 and IL-4 are vital for lymphocyte proliferation. The receptors for each of these cytokines contain the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gammac), and it was previously shown that gammac-deficient mice exhibit severely compromised development and responsiveness to IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7. Nevertheless, these mice exhibit an age-dependent accumulation of splenic CD4+ T cells, the majority of which have a phenotype typical of memory/activated cells. When gammac-deficient mice were mated to DO11.10 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, only the T cells bearing endogenous TCRs had this phenotype, suggesting that its acquisition was TCR dependent. Not only do the CD4+ T cells from gammac-deficient mice exhibit an activated phenotype and greatly enhanced incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine but, consistent with the lack of gammac-dependent survival signals, they also exhibit an augmented rate of apoptosis. However, because the CD4+ T cells accumulate, it is clear that the rate of proliferation exceeds the rate of cell death. Thus, surprisingly, although gammac-independent signals are sufficient to mediate expansion of CD4+ T cells in these mice, gammac-dependent signals are required to regulate the fate of activated CD4+ T cells, underscoring the importance of gammac-dependent signals in controlling lymphoid homeo-stasis.
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Sugishima M, Omata Y, Kakuta Y, Sakamoto H, Noguchi M, Fukuyama K. Crystal structure of rat heme oxygenase-1 in complex with heme. FEBS Lett 2000; 471:61-6. [PMID: 10760513 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of protoheme to biliverdin, the first step of heme metabolism utilizing O(2) and NADPH. We determined the crystal structures of rat heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-heme and selenomethionyl HO-1-heme complexes. Heme is sandwiched between two helices with the delta-meso edge of the heme being exposed to the surface. Gly143N forms a hydrogen bond to the distal ligand of heme, OH(-). The distance between Gly143N and the ligand is shorter than that in the human HO-1-heme complex. This difference may be related to a pH-dependent change of the distal ligand of heme. Flexibility of the distal helix may control the stability of the coordination of the distal ligand to heme iron. The possible role of Gly143 in the heme oxygenase reaction is discussed.
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Yoshida T, Noguchi M, Kikuchi G. Oxygenated form of heme . heme oxygenase complex and requirement for second electron to initiate heme degradation from the oxygenated complex. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Yabushita H, Shimazu M, Yamada H, Sawaguchi K, Noguchi M, Nakanishi M, Kawai M. Occult lymph node metastases detected by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry predict recurrence in node-negative endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 80:139-44. [PMID: 11161851 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2000.6067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Even after curative resection of early endometrial cancer, some patients die as a result of recurrence. We believe that these patients likely had occult lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis. In an attempt to identify the responsible occult metastases, the clinicopathological significance of cytokeratin expression in lymph nodes with unconfirmed metastasis was evaluated retrospectively in patients with endometrial carcinoma. METHODS We examined 304 pelvic lymph nodes and 46 primary tumors excised from 46 patients with endometrial cancer, including 36 with Stage I disease and 10 with Stage IIIc disease. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections were stained immunohistochemically using antibodies against cytokeratin, CA125, and macrophage-related antigen. Sections were also stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS In 10 patients with Stage IIIc disease, cytokeratin expression was detected in cells other than the tumor cells in all 13 lymph nodes with metastasis and also in 20 (30.3%) of 66 lymph nodes without metastasis. Cytokeratin expression was observed in 37 (16.4%) of 225 lymph nodes with unconfirmed metastasis, which were obtained from 14 of 36 patients with Stage I disease. Five of fourteen patients with lymph nodes expressing cytokeratin had recurrent disease in the pelvic cavity, while all 22 patients with unconfirmed cytokeratin expression in their lymph nodes showed no recurrence. Cytokeratin and CA125 were detected simultaneously on macrophages in lymph nodes. Cytokeratin expression in lymph nodes was closely related to lymph-vascular space involvement of the primary tumor, but was not related to either histological grade or depth of myometrial invasion. Multivariate analysis identified cytokeratin expression as an independent risk factor for recurrence in Stage I endometrial cancer. CONCLUSIONS The immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin in lymph nodes with undetected metastases predicts occult metastasis to these nodes and is a risk factor for recurrence in early-stage endometrial cancer.
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Sato S, Kajiura T, Noguchi M, Takehana K, Kobayashi T, Tsuji T. AJI9561, a new cytotoxic benzoxazole derivative produced by Streptomyces sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2001; 54:102-4. [PMID: 11269707 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.54.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nakai M, Tabira Y, Asai D, Yakabe Y, Shimyozu T, Noguchi M, Takatsuki M, Shimohigashi Y. Binding characteristics of dialkyl phthalates for the estrogen receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 254:311-4. [PMID: 9918834 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dialkyl phthalates have been suggested to function as xenoestrogen. To explore the structural essentials, a series of ring and alkyl-chain isomers of dialkyl phthalates C6H4(COOCnHm)2 were examined for their ability to displace [3H]17beta-estradiol in the recombinant human estrogen receptor expressed on Sf9 vaculovirus. Compounds with an alkyl chain of more than C3 (n = 3) exhibited a distinct full receptor binding in a dose-dependent manner. When the ring isomers of C3-diallyl (-CH2-CH=CH2) derivatives, namely diallyl phthalate, diallyl isophthalate, and diallyl terephthalate, were examined, the ortho isomer of diallyl phthalate was most potent to bind to the estrogen receptor. The interaction with the estrogen receptor was optimized with dibutyl phthalates of C4. The conformational studies by 1H-NMR measurements and ab initio molecular orbital calculations have suggested that the structure mimics the interface of steroid A and B/C rings of 17beta-estradiol. Dicyclohexyl phthalate bound to the estrogen receptor with a biphasic binding curve, suggesting the compound discriminates two different receptor conformations.
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Arie T, Kaneko I, Yoshida T, Noguchi M, Nomura Y, Yamaguchi I. Mating-type genes from asexual phytopathogenic ascomycetes Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2000; 13:1330-1339. [PMID: 11106025 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.12.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mating-type (MAT) loci were cloned from two asexual (mitosporic) phytopathogenic ascomycetes, Fusarium oxysporum (a pyrenomycete) and Alternaria alternata (a loculoascomycete), by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy. The conserved high mobility group (HMG) box domain found in the MAT1-2-1 protein was used as a starting point for cloning and sequencing the entire MAT1-2 idiomorph plus flanking regions. Primer pairs designed to both flanking regions were used to amplify the opposite MAT1-1 idiomorph. The MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs were approximately 4.6 and 3.8 kb in F. oxysporum and approximately 1.9 and 2.2 kb in A. alternata, respectively. In both species, the MAT1-1 idiomorph contains at least one gene that encodes a protein with a putative alpha box domain and the MAT1-2 idiomorph contains one gene that encodes a protein with a putative HMG box domain. MAT-specific primers were used to assess the mating type of F. oxysporum and A. alternata field isolates by PCR. MAT genes from A. alternata were expressed. The A. alternata genes were confirmed to be functional in a close sexual relative, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, by heterologous expression.
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