1
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Blunt MD. Targeting CD161 in B-cell malignancies. Blood 2024; 143:1061-1062. [PMID: 38512265 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
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2
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Blunt MD, Khakoo SI. Harnessing natural killer cell effector function against cancer. Immunother Adv 2023; 4:ltad031. [PMID: 38223411 PMCID: PMC10787374 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells that participate in anti-tumour and anti-viral immune responses. Their ability to rapidly destroy abnormal cells and to enhance the anti-cancer function of dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, and macrophages makes them an attractive target for immunotherapeutic strategies. The development of approaches that augment NK-cell activation against cancer is currently under intense preclinical and clinical research and strategies include chimeric antigen receptor NK cells, NK-cell engagers, cytokines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we highlight recent advances in NK-cell therapeutic development and discuss their potential to add to our armamentarium against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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3
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Graham LV, Fisher JG, Khakoo SI, Blunt MD. Targeting KIR as a novel approach to improve CAR-NK cell function. J Transl Genet Genom 2023; 7:230-235. [PMID: 38229912 PMCID: PMC7615527 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK cells are demonstrating promising activity in clinical trials and possess a favorable safety profile compared to CAR-T cells. The Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) have a critical role in the control of NK cell function, and recently, this family of activating and inhibitory receptors have been targeted to improve CAR-NK function. These strategies include the utilisation of inhibitory KIR to reduce trogocytosis-associated NK cell fratricide, the downregulation of inhibitory KIR on CAR-NK cells to alleviate HLA mediated suppression, the selection of CAR-NK cell donors enriched for activating KIR, and the use of activating KIR intracellular domains within novel CAR constructs. These pre-clinical studies demonstrate the potential utility of targeting the KIR to improve CAR-NK cell efficacy and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara V Graham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jack G Fisher
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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4
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Fisher JG, Doyle ADP, Graham LV, Sonar S, Sale B, Henderson I, Del Rio L, Johnson PWM, Landesman Y, Cragg MS, Forconi F, Walker CJ, Khakoo SI, Blunt MD. XPO1 inhibition sensitises CLL cells to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and overcomes HLA-E expression. Leukemia 2023; 37:2036-2049. [PMID: 37528310 PMCID: PMC10539165 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The first-in-class inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1) selinexor is currently under clinical investigation in combination with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Selinexor induces apoptosis of tumour cells through nuclear retention of tumour suppressor proteins and has also recently been described to modulate natural killer (NK) cell and T cell cytotoxicity against lymphoma cells. Here, we demonstrate that XPO1 inhibition enhances NK cell effector function against primary CLL cells via downregulation of HLA-E and upregulation of TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5. Furthermore, selinexor potentiates NK cell activation against CLL cells in combination with several approved treatments; acalabrutinib, rituximab and obinutuzumab. We further demonstrate that lymph node associated signals (IL-4 + CD40L) inhibit NK cell activation against CLL cells via upregulation of HLA-E, and that inhibition of XPO1 can overcome this protective effect. These findings allow for the design of more efficacious combination strategies to harness NK cell effector functions against CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack G Fisher
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Amber D P Doyle
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lara V Graham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shreyanshi Sonar
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ben Sale
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Isla Henderson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Luis Del Rio
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Mark S Cragg
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Forconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Haematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Salim I Khakoo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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5
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Bryant D, Smith L, Rogers-Broadway KR, Karydis L, Woo J, Blunt MD, Forconi F, Stevenson FK, Goodnow C, Russell A, Humburg P, Packham G, Steele AJ, Strefford JC. Network analysis reveals a major role for 14q32 cluster miRNAs in determining transcriptional differences between IGHV-mutated and unmutated CLL. Leukemia 2023; 37:1454-1463. [PMID: 37169950 PMCID: PMC10317834 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells can express unmutated (U-CLL) or mutated (M-CLL) immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) genes with differing clinical behaviours, variable B cell receptor (BCR) signalling capacity and distinct transcriptional profiles. As it remains unclear how these differences reflect the tumour cells' innate pre/post germinal centre origin or their BCR signalling competence, we applied mRNA/miRNA sequencing to 38 CLL cases categorised into three subsets by IGHV mutational status and BCR signalling capacity. We identified 492 mRNAs and 38 miRNAs differentially expressed between U-CLL and M-CLL, but only 9 mRNAs and 0 miRNAs associated with BCR competence within M-CLL. Of the IGHV-associated miRNAs, (14/38 (37%)) derived from chr14q32 clusters where all miRNAs were co-expressed with the MEG3 lncRNA from a cancer associated imprinted locus. Integrative analysis of miRNA/mRNA data revealed pronounced regulatory potential for the 14q32 miRNAs, potentially accounting for up to 25% of the IGHV-related transcriptome signature. GAB1, a positive regulator of BCR signalling, was potentially regulated by five 14q32 miRNAs and we confirmed that two of these (miR-409-3p and miR-411-3p) significantly repressed activity of the GAB1 3'UTR. Our analysis demonstrates a potential key role of the 14q32 miRNA locus in the regulation of CLL-related gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Bryant
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lindsay Smith
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Laura Karydis
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Forconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Freda K Stevenson
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Russell
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Humburg
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham Packham
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew J Steele
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Fisher JG, Doyle ADP, Graham LV, Khakoo SI, Blunt MD. Disruption of the NKG2A:HLA-E Immune Checkpoint Axis to Enhance NK Cell Activation against Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1993. [PMID: 36560403 PMCID: PMC9783329 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligation of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A by its ligand HLA-E negatively regulates the activation of natural killer (NK) cells, as well as subsets of CD8+ T cells and innate T cell populations. NKG2A has recently become a novel immune checkpoint target for the treatment of cancer and direct antibody mediated blockade of NKG2A function is currently under assessment in two phase 3 clinical trials. In addition to direct targeting, the NKG2A:HLA-E axis can also be disrupted indirectly via multiple different targeted cancer agents that were not previously recognised to possess immunomodulatory properties. Increased understanding of immune cell modulation by targeted cancer therapies will allow for the design of rational and more efficacious drug combination strategies to improve cancer patient outcomes. In this review, we summarise and discuss the various strategies currently in development which either directly or indirectly disrupt the NKG2A:HLA-E interaction to enhance NK cell activation against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew D. Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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7
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Blunt MD, Vallejo Pulido A, Fisher JG, Graham LV, Doyle ADP, Fulton R, Carter MJ, Polak M, Johnson PWM, Cragg MS, Forconi F, Khakoo SI. KIR2DS2 Expression Identifies NK Cells With Enhanced Anticancer Activity. J Immunol 2022; 209:379-390. [PMID: 35768150 PMCID: PMC7613074 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are promising cellular therapeutics against hematological and solid malignancies. Immunogenetic studies have identified that various activating killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) are associated with cancer outcomes. Specifically, KIR2DS2 has been associated with reduced incidence of relapse following transplant in hematological malignancies and improved outcomes in solid tumors, but the mechanism remains obscure. Therefore, we investigated how KIR2DS2 expression impacts NK cell function. Using a novel flow cytometry panel, we show that human NK cells with high KIR2DS2 expression have enhanced spontaneous activation against malignant B cell lines, liver cancer cell lines, and primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Surface expression of CD16 was increased on KIR2DS2high NK cells, and, accordingly, KIR2DS2high NK cells had increased activation against lymphoma cells coated with the clinically relevant anti-CD20 Abs rituximab and obinutuzumab. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed that KIR2DS2high NK cells have upregulation of NK-mediated cytotoxicity, translation, and FCGR gene pathways. We developed a novel single-cell RNA-sequencing technique to identify KIR2DS2+ NK cells, and this confirmed that KIR2DS2 is associated with enhanced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This study provides evidence that KIR2DS2 marks a population of NK cells primed for anticancer activity and indicates that KIR2DS2 is an attractive target for NK-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andres Vallejo Pulido
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jack G Fisher
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | - Lara V Graham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | - Amber D P Doyle
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | - Rebecca Fulton
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | - Matthew J Carter
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Polak
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Cragg
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
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8
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Fisher JG, Walker CJ, Doyle ADP, Johnson PWM, Forconi F, Cragg MS, Landesman Y, Khakoo SI, Blunt MD. Selinexor Enhances NK Cell Activation Against Malignant B Cells via Downregulation of HLA-E. Front Oncol 2021; 11:785635. [PMID: 34926302 PMCID: PMC8672299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.785635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Selinexor is an FDA approved selective inhibitor of the nuclear export protein exportin-1 (XPO1) and causes specific cancer cell death via nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins. Design of rational studies for the use of selinexor in combination with other therapeutic agents, such as immunotherapies, requires a fundamental understanding of the effects of selinexor on the immune system. One important emerging area of immunotherapy are natural killer (NK) cell based therapeutics. NK cell function is tightly regulated by a balance of signals derived from multiple activating and inhibitory receptors. Thus in cancer, up-regulation of stress ligands recognised by activating receptors or down-regulation of HLA class I recognised by inhibitory receptors can result in an anti-cancer NK cell response. Changes in XPO1 function therefore have the potential to affect NK cell function through shifting this balance. We therefore sought to investigate how selinexor may affect NK cell function. Selinexor pre-treatment of lymphoma cells significantly increased NK cell mediated cytotoxicity against SU-DHL-4, JeKo-1 and Ramos cells, concurrent with increased CD107a and IFNγ expression on NK cells. In addition, selinexor enhanced ADCC against lymphoma cells coated with the anti-CD20 antibodies rituximab and obinutuzumab. In probing the likely mechanism, we identified that XPO1 inhibition significantly reduced the surface expression of HLA-E on lymphoma cell lines and on primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. HLA-E binds the inhibitory receptor NKG2A and in accordance with this, selinexor selectively increased activation of NKG2A+ NK cells. Our data reveals that selinexor, in addition to its direct cytotoxic activity, also activates an anti-cancer immune response via disruption of the inhibitory NKG2A:HLA-E axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack G. Fisher
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Walker
- Research & Translational Development, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Amber DP. Doyle
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter WM. Johnson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yosef Landesman
- Research & Translational Development, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Salim. I. Khakoo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have a key role in host anti-tumour immune responses via direct killing of tumour cells and promotion of adaptive immune responses. They are therefore attractive targets to promote the anti-tumour efficacy of oncolytic viral therapies. However, NK cells are also potent components of the host anti-viral immune response, and therefore have the potential for detrimental anti-viral responses, limiting the spread and persistence of oncolytic viruses. Oncolytic viruses are currently being investigated for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer-related death with a high unmet clinical need. In this review, we highlight the role of NK cells in oncolytic virus therapy, their potential for improving treatment options for patients with HCC, and discuss current and potential strategies targeting NK cells in combination with oncolytic viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frazer Warricker
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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10
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Rettman P, Blunt MD, Fulton RJ, Vallejo AF, Bastidas-Legarda LY, España-Serrano L, Polak ME, Al-Shamkhani A, Retiere C, Khakoo SI. Peptide: MHC-based DNA vaccination strategy to activate natural killer cells by targeting killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001912. [PMID: 34016721 PMCID: PMC8141441 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are increasingly being recognized as agents for cancer immunotherapy. The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are expressed by NK cells and are immunogenetic determinants of the outcome of cancer. In particular, KIR2DS2 is associated with protective responses to several cancers and also direct recognition of cancer targets in vitro. Due to the high homology between activating and inhibitory KIR genes to date, it has been challenging to target individual KIR for therapeutic benefit. METHODS A novel KIR2DS2-targeting therapeutic peptide:MHC DNA vaccine was designed and used to immunize mice transgenic for KIR genes (KIR-Tg). NK cells were isolated from the livers and spleens of vaccinated mice and then analyzed for activation by flow cytometry, RNA profiling and cytotoxicity assays. In vivo assays of NK cell function using a syngeneic cancer model (B16 melanoma) and an adoptive transfer model for human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7) were performed. RESULTS Injecting KIR-Tg mice with the vaccine construct activated NK cells in both liver and spleens of mice, with preferential activation of KIR2DS2-positive NK cells. KIR-specific activation was most marked on the CD11b+CD27+ mature subset of NK cells. RNA profiling indicated that the DNA vaccine upregulated genes associated with cellular metabolism and downregulated genes related to histone H3 methylation, which are associated with immune cell maturation and NK cell function. Vaccination led to canonical and cross-reactive peptide:MHC-specific NK cell responses. In vivo, DNA vaccination led to enhanced antitumor responses against B16F10 melanoma cells and also enhanced responses against a tumor model expressing the KIR2DS2 ligand HLA-C*0102. CONCLUSION We show the feasibility of a peptide-based KIR-targeting vaccine strategy to activate NK cells and hence generate functional antitumor responses. This approach does not require detailed knowledge of the tumor peptidomes nor HLA matching with the patient. It therefore offers a novel opportunity for targeting NK cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- HLA-C Antigens/administration & dosage
- HLA-C Antigens/genetics
- HLA-C Antigens/immunology
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peptides/administration & dosage
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR/genetics
- Receptors, KIR/immunology
- Receptors, KIR/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rettman
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rebecca J Fulton
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andres F Vallejo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Leidy Y Bastidas-Legarda
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laura España-Serrano
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marta E Polak
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Aymen Al-Shamkhani
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Salim I Khakoo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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11
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Smith LD, Minton AR, Blunt MD, Karydis LI, Dutton DA, Rogers-Broadway KR, Dobson R, Liu R, Norster F, Hogg E, Ashton-Key M, Strefford JC, Jia L, Efremov DG, Helgason GV, Johnson PWM, Stevenson FK, Forconi F, Cragg MS, Tumbarello DA, Packham G, Steele AJ. BCR signaling contributes to autophagy regulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2020; 34:640-644. [PMID: 31462734 PMCID: PMC6995694 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D Smith
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Annabel R Minton
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Laura I Karydis
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - David A Dutton
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Karly-Rai Rogers-Broadway
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rachel Dobson
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rena Liu
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Faith Norster
- Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Hogg
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Margaret Ashton-Key
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Southampton University Hospital Trust, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Li Jia
- Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dimitar G Efremov
- Molecular Hematology Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Freda K Stevenson
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - David A Tumbarello
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrew J Steele
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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12
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Blunt MD, Khakoo SI. Activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors: Detection, function and therapeutic use. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:1-12. [PMID: 31755661 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) have a central role in the control of natural killer (NK) cell function. The functions of the activating KIRs, as compared to those of the inhibitory KIR, have been more difficult to define due to difficulties in antibody-mediated identification and their apparent low affinities for HLA class I. Immunogenetic studies have shown associations of activating KIRs with the outcome of autoimmune diseases, pregnancy-associated disorders, infectious diseases and cancers. Activating KIR are thus thought to have important roles in the control of natural killer cell functions and their role in disease. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on activating KIR, their ligands and, their roles in the pathogenesis and potential therapy of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Blunt
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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13
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Hydes TJ, Blunt MD, Naftel J, Vallejo AF, Seumois G, Wang A, Vijayanand P, Polak ME, Khakoo SI. Constitutive Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2633. [PMID: 31803181 PMCID: PMC6874097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that interface with the adaptive immune system to generate a pro-inflammatory immune environment. Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a hepatic autoimmune disorder with extrahepatic associations including systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome and thyroiditis. Immunogenetic studies have identified polymorphisms of the IL-12/STAT4 pathway as being associated with PBC. As this pathway is important for NK cell function we investigated NK cells in PBC. Circulating NK cells from individuals with PBC were constitutively activated, with higher levels of CD49a and the liver-homing marker, CXCR6, compared to participants with non-autoimmune chronic liver disease and healthy controls. Stimulation with minimal amounts of IL-12 (0.005 ng/ml) led to significant upregulation of CXCR6 (p < 0.005), and enhanced IFNγ production (p < 0.02) on NK cells from PBC patients compared to individuals with non-autoimmune chronic liver disease, indicating dysregulation of the IL-12/STAT4 axis. In RNAseq studies, resting NK cells from PBC patients had a constitutively activated transcriptional profile and upregulation of genes associated with IL-12/STAT4 signaling and metabolic reprogramming. Consistent with these findings, resting NK cells from PBC patients expressed higher levels of pSTAT4 compared to control groups (p < 0.001 vs. healthy controls and p < 0.05 vs. liver disease controls). In conclusion NK cells in PBC are sensitive to minute quantities of IL-12 and have a “primed” phenotype. We therefore propose that peripheral priming of NK cells to express tissue-homing markers may contribute to the pathophysiology of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J Hydes
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Naftel
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andres F Vallejo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Grégory Seumois
- Department of Medicine, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alice Wang
- Department of Medicine, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Marta E Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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14
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Blunt MD, Rettman P, Bastidas‐Legarda LY, Fulton R, Capizzuto V, Naiyer MM, Traherne JA, Khakoo SI. A novel antibody combination to identify KIR2DS2 high natural killer cells in KIR2DL3/L2/S2 heterozygous donors. HLA 2019; 93:32-35. [PMID: 30381896 PMCID: PMC6492158 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) KIR2DS2 induces natural killer (NK) cell activation upon ligation and in genetic studies is associated with protection against certain cancers and viral infections. One of the difficulties in understanding KIR2DS2 has been that ligands have been hard to define. In part, this is because the high sequence homology between KIR2DS2 and KIR2DL3/KIR2DL2 has made it difficult to make antibodies that specifically detect NK cells expressing KIR2DS2. Using transfected NK cell line (NKL) cells and primary human samples, we report the identification of a novel antibody combination which allows identification of NK cells with relatively high expression of KIR2DS2. This separation is sufficient to examine primary human NK cell activation in response to KIR2DS2 specific ligands.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies/metabolism
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Flow Cytometry
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Immunologic Surveillance
- Immunophenotyping/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Receptors, KIR/genetics
- Receptors, KIR/immunology
- Receptors, KIR/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR2DL2/genetics
- Receptors, KIR2DL2/immunology
- Receptors, KIR2DL2/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR2DL3/genetics
- Receptors, KIR2DL3/immunology
- Receptors, KIR2DL3/metabolism
- Virus Diseases/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Blunt
- Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | - Pauline Rettman
- Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | - Leidy Y. Bastidas‐Legarda
- Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | - Rebecca Fulton
- Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | - Valentina Capizzuto
- Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | - Mohammed M. Naiyer
- Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | - James A. Traherne
- Division of Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Salim I. Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK
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15
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Steele AJ, Coffey G, Feng J, Blunt MD, DeGuzman F, Canivel D, Rose J, Der K, Leeds J, Pandey A, Conley P. Abstract 305: Cerdulatinib induces Bim expression and synergistic cell kill in combination with venetoclax in follicular lymphoma cell lines. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most frequently occurring indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Treatment typically involves rituximab in combination with bendamustine, CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), or CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone). Disease relapse is high, and current treatment options for these patients are limited. BTK inhibition has limited clinical activity in FL patients, and while the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib was recently approved, tolerability has been an issue. Limited clinical activity was observed with the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax, due to a compensatory upregulation of Mcl-1 by the tumor cell. Consequently, novel treatment strategies are required for patients with relapsed/refractory FL. Cerdulatinib is a dual SYK/JAK inhibitor that targets the BCR and cytokine signaling pathways. We previously demonstrated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells that cerdulatinib inhibited signaling via the BCR and IL-4 signaling pathways and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, the mechanism behind cerdulatinib-induced tumor killing has not previously been investigated. Herein we explore the function of cerdulatinib alone and in combination with venetoclax for the treatment of FL. To confirm cerdulatinib activity in FL derived cells lines WSU-FSCCL, DOHH2 and SU-DHL6, cells were incubated with cerdulatinib prior to BCR or cytokine receptor engagement. Cerdulatinib (0.1-1µM) significantly inhibited anti-Ig-induced pAKTS473, pERKThr202/Tyr204, pS6 ribosomal subunit Ser235/236 and cytokine-induced STAT signaling. The Bcl-2 protein was highly expressed in all cell lines consistent with a t(14:18) translocation, whereas basal Mcl-1 was expressed at lower levels. Bcl-2 levels remained unchanged following cerdulatinib treatment in all three cell lines. However, in contrast to CLL where cerdulatinib inhibited Mcl-1 expression, modulation of Mcl-1 protein expression by cerdulatinib in FL cell lines was subtle and inconsistent. Cerdulatinib alone induced 12%-44% cell death in all cell lines tested in a time dependent manner (24-72h) and this correlated with a robust increase in Bim expression at the RNA and protein level. We subsequently treated DOHH2, WSU-FSCCL and DHL6 cells with cerdulatinib in combination with 10-100nM venetoclax. Venetoclax synergized with cerdulatinib to induce significantly greater levels of apoptosis in all cell lines investigated compared to either agent alone and appeared to function by displacing Bim from Bcl-2. To demonstrate in vivo capability, we xenografted SU-DHL6 subcutaneously in nude mice. Cerdulatinib in combination with venetoclax led to greater antitumor activity when compared to vehicle or either drug alone. Together these data highlight a rationale for combining cerdulatinib with venetoclax for the treatment of FL.
Citation Format: Andrew J. Steele, Greg Coffey, JiaJia Feng, Matthew D. Blunt, Francis DeGuzman, Deogracias Canivel, Jack Rose, Kenneth Der, Janet Leeds, Anjali Pandey, Pamela Conley. Cerdulatinib induces Bim expression and synergistic cell kill in combination with venetoclax in follicular lymphoma cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 305.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Coffey
- 2Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
| | - JiaJia Feng
- 2Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | - Jack Rose
- 2Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Kenneth Der
- 2Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Janet Leeds
- 2Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
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16
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Blunt MD, Koehrer S, Dobson RC, Larrayoz M, Wilmore S, Hayman A, Parnell J, Smith LD, Davies A, Johnson PWM, Conley PB, Pandey A, Strefford JC, Stevenson FK, Packham G, Forconi F, Coffey GP, Burger JA, Steele AJ. The Dual Syk/JAK Inhibitor Cerdulatinib Antagonizes B-cell Receptor and Microenvironmental Signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2313-2324. [PMID: 27697994 PMCID: PMC5417366 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: B-cell receptor (BCR)-associated kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib, have revolutionized the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, these agents are not curative, and resistance is already emerging in a proportion of patients. IL4, expressed in CLL lymph nodes, can augment BCR signaling and reduce the effectiveness of BCR kinase inhibitors. Therefore, simultaneous targeting of the IL4- and BCR signaling pathways by cerdulatinib, a novel dual Syk/JAK inhibitor currently in clinical trials (NCT01994382), may improve treatment responses in patients.Experimental Design: PBMCs from patients with CLL were treated in vitro with cerdulatinib alone or in combination with venetoclax. Cell death, chemokine, and cell signaling assay were performed and analyzed by flow cytometry, immunoblotting, q-PCR, and ELISA as indicated.Results: At concentrations achievable in patients, cerdulatinib inhibited BCR- and IL4-induced downstream signaling in CLL cells using multiple readouts and prevented anti-IgM- and nurse-like cell (NLC)-mediated CCL3/CCL4 production. Cerdulatinib induced apoptosis of CLL cells, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and particularly in IGHV-unmutated samples with greater BCR signaling capacity and response to IL4, or samples expressing higher levels of sIgM, CD49d+, or ZAP70+ Cerdulatinib overcame anti-IgM, IL4/CD40L, or NLC-mediated protection by preventing upregulation of MCL-1 and BCL-XL; however, BCL-2 expression was unaffected. Furthermore, in samples treated with IL4/CD40L, cerdulatinib synergized with venetoclax in vitro to induce greater apoptosis than either drug alone.Conclusions: Cerdulatinib is a promising therapeutic for the treatment of CLL either alone or in combination with venetoclax, with the potential to target critical survival pathways in this currently incurable disease. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2313-24. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Janus Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Janus Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Piperidines
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr/genetics
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Sulfones/administration & dosage
- Syk Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Blunt
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Koehrer
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel C Dobson
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Larrayoz
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wilmore
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Hayman
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Parnell
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay D Smith
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Davies
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anjali Pandey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Freda K Stevenson
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Haematology Department at the University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Greg P Coffey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew J Steele
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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17
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Ball JA, Vlisidou I, Blunt MD, Wood W, Ward SG. Hydrogen Peroxide Triggers a Dual Signaling Axis To Selectively Suppress Activated Human T Lymphocyte Migration. J Immunol 2017; 198:3679-3689. [PMID: 28363904 PMCID: PMC5392728 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
H2O2 is an early danger cue required for innate immune cell recruitment to wounds. To date, little is known about whether H2O2 is required for the migration of human adaptive immune cells to sites of inflammation. However, oxidative stress is known to impair T cell activity, induce actin stiffness, and inhibit cell polarization. In this study, we show that low oxidative concentrations of H2O2 also impede chemokinesis and chemotaxis of previously activated human T cells to CXCL11, but not CXCL10 or CXCL12. We show that this deficiency in migration is due to a reduction in inflammatory chemokine receptor CXCR3 surface expression and cellular activation of lipid phosphatase SHIP-1. We demonstrate that H2O2 acts through an Src kinase to activate a negative regulator of PI3K signaling, SHIP-1 via phosphorylation, providing a molecular mechanism for H2O2-induced chemotaxis deficiency. We hypothesize that although H2O2 serves as an early recruitment trigger for innate immune cells, it appears to operate as an inhibitor of T lymphocyte immune adaptive responses that are not required until later in the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ball
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Isabella Vlisidou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Will Wood
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen G Ward
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; and
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18
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Blunt MD, Steele AJ. Pharmacological targeting of PI3K isoforms as a therapeutic strategy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Leuk Res Rep 2015; 4:60-3. [PMID: 26500849 PMCID: PMC4588368 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3Kδ inhibitors such as idelalisib are providing improved therapeutic options for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). However under certain conditions, inhibition of a single PI3K isoform can be compensated by the other PI3K isoforms, therefore PI3K inhibitors which target multiple PI3K isoforms may provide greater efficacy. The development of compounds targeting multiple PI3K isoforms (α, β, δ, and γ) in CLL cells, in vitro, resulted in sustained inhibition of BCR signalling but with enhanced cytotoxicity and the potential for improve clinical responses. This review summarises the progress of PI3K inhibitor development and describes the rationale and potential for targeting multiple PI3K isoforms. Inhibition of PI3K may still be effective in CLL patients resistant to ibrutinib. Functional redundancy between PI3K isoforms may be a mechanism of drug resistance. Targeting multiple PI3K isoforms can increase cytotoxicity against CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Blunt
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Steele
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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19
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Foster JG, Blunt MD, Carter E, Ward SG. Inhibition of PI3K signaling spurs new therapeutic opportunities in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 64:1027-54. [PMID: 23023033 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/protein kinase B (PI3K/mTOR/Akt) signaling pathway is central to a plethora of cellular mechanisms in a wide variety of cells including leukocytes. Perturbation of this signaling cascade is implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders as well as hematological malignancies. Proteins within the PI3K/mTOR/Akt pathway therefore represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. There has been a remarkable evolution of PI3K inhibitors in the past 20 years from the early chemical tool compounds to drugs that are showing promise as anticancer agents in clinical trials. The use of animal models and pharmacological tools has expanded our knowledge about the contribution of individual class I PI3K isoforms to immune cell function. In addition, class II and III PI3K isoforms are emerging as nonredundant regulators of immune cell signaling revealing potentially novel targets for disease treatment. Further complexity is added to the PI3K/mTOR/Akt pathway by a number of novel signaling inputs and feedback mechanisms. These can present either caveats or opportunities for novel drug targets. Here, we consider recent advances in 1) our understanding of the contribution of individual PI3K isoforms to immune cell function and their relevance to inflammatory/autoimmune diseases as well as lymphoma and 2) development of small molecules with which to inhibit the PI3K pathway. We also consider whether manipulating other proximal elements of the PI3K signaling cascade (such as class II and III PI3Ks or lipid phosphatases) are likely to be successful in fighting off different immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Foster
- Inflammatory Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.
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20
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Blunt MD, Ward SG. Pharmacological targeting of phosphoinositide lipid kinases and phosphatases in the immune system: success, disappointment, and new opportunities. Front Immunol 2012; 3:226. [PMID: 22876243 PMCID: PMC3410520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominant expression of the γ and δ isoforms of PI3K in cells of hematopoietic lineage prompted speculation that inhibitors of these isoforms could offer opportunities for selective targeting of PI3K in the immune system in a range of immune-related pathologies. While there has been some success in developing PI3Kδ inhibitors, progress in developing selective inhibitors of PI3Kγ has been rather disappointing. This has prompted the search for alternative targets with which to modulate PI3K signaling specifically in the immune system. One such target is the SH2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1) which de-phosphorylates PI(3,4,5)P3 at the D5 position of the inositol ring to create PI(3,4)P2. In this article, we first describe the current state of PI3K isoform-selective inhibitor development. We then focus on the structure of SHIP-1 and its function in the immune system. Finally, we consider the current state of development of small molecule compounds that potently and selectively modulate SHIP activity and which offer novel opportunities to manipulate PI3K mediated signaling in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Blunt
- Inflammatory Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath Bath, UK
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21
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Blunt MD, Ward SG. Targeting PI3K isoforms and SHIP in the immune system: new therapeutics for inflammation and leukemia. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:444-51. [PMID: 22483603 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PI3K is critical for the normal function of the immune system, however dysregulated PI3K mediated signaling has been linked to the development of many immune mediated pathologies. This review describes current progress in the development of isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors that hold promise for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies as well as for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A SH2-domain containing inositol-5-phosphatase (SHIP) is a regulator of PI3K signaling, and is also discussed as a potential drug target for immunomodulation and the treatment of leukemia. Recent progress has been made in the development of small molecule compounds that potently and selectively modulate SHIP activity and hence provide a novel mechanism to alter PI3K mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Blunt
- Inflammatory Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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22
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Harris SJ, Parry RV, Foster JG, Blunt MD, Wang A, Marelli-Berg F, Westwick J, Ward SG. Evidence That the Lipid Phosphatase SHIP-1 Regulates T Lymphocyte Morphology and Motility. J I 2011; 186:4936-45. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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