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Ran R, Muñoz Briones J, Jena S, Anderson NL, Olson MR, Green LN, Brubaker DK. Detailed survey of an in vitro intestinal epithelium model by single-cell transcriptomics. iScience 2024; 27:109383. [PMID: 38523788 PMCID: PMC10959667 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The co-culture of two adult human colorectal cancer cell lines, Caco-2 and HT29, on Transwell is commonly used as an in vitro gut mimic, yet the translatability of insights from such a system to adult human physiological contexts is not fully characterized. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing on the co-culture to obtain a detailed survey of cell type heterogeneity in the system and conducted a holistic comparison with human physiology. We identified the intestinal stem cell-, transit amplifying-, enterocyte-, goblet cell-, and enteroendocrine-like cells in the system. In general, the co-culture was fetal intestine-like, with less variety of gene expression compared to the adult human gut. Transporters for major types of nutrients were found in the majority of the enterocytes-like cells in the system. TLR 4 was not expressed in the sample, indicating that the co-culture model is incapable of mimicking the innate immune aspect of the human epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ran
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Javier Muñoz Briones
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Smrutiti Jena
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicole L. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R. Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Leopold N. Green
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Douglas K. Brubaker
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Blood, Heart, Lung, and Immunology Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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Uffelman CN, Schmok JN, Campbell RE, Hartman AS, Olson MR, Anderson NL, Reisdorph NA, Tang M, Krebs NF, Campbell WW. Consuming Mushrooms When Adopting a Healthy Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Does Not Influence Short-Term Changes of Most Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Nutr 2024; 154:574-582. [PMID: 38135005 PMCID: PMC10997904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mushrooms are a nutritious food, though knowledge of the effects of mushroom consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors is limited and inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effects of consuming mushrooms as part of a healthy United States Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MED) on traditional and emerging cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors. We hypothesized that adopting a MED diet with mushrooms would lead to greater improvements in multiple CMD risk factors. METHODS Using a randomized, parallel study design, 60 adults (36 females, 24 males; aged 46 ± 12 y; body mass index 28.3 ± 2.84 kg/m2, mean ± standard deviation) without diagnosed CMD morbidities consumed a MED diet (all foods provided) without (control with breadcrumbs) or with 84 g/d of Agaricus bisporus (White Button, 4 d/wk) and Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster, 3 d/wk) mushrooms for 8 wk. Fasting baseline and postintervention outcome measurements were traditional CMD risk factors, including blood pressure and fasting serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin. Exploratory CMD-related outcomes included lipoprotein particle sizes and indexes of inflammation. RESULTS Adopting the MED-mushroom diet compared with the MED-control diet without mushrooms improved fasting serum glucose (change from baseline -2.9 ± 1.18 compared with 0.6 ± 1.10 mg/dL; time × group P = 0.034). Adopting the MED diet, independent of mushroom consumption, reduced serum total cholesterol (-10.2 ± 3.77 mg/dL; time P = 0.0001). Concomitantly, there was a reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, buoyant HDL2b, and apolipoprotein A1, and an increase in lipoprotein(a) concentrations (main effect of time P < 0.05 for all). There were no changes in other measured CMD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Consuming a Mediterranean-style healthy dietary pattern with 1 serving/d of whole Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms improved fasting serum glucose but did not influence other established or emerging CMD risk factors among middle-aged and older adults classified as overweight or obese but with clinically normal cardiometabolic health. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/study/NCT04259229?term=NCT04259229&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassi N Uffelman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Jacqueline N Schmok
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Robyn E Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Austin S Hartman
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana , United States
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana , United States
| | - Nicole L Anderson
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana , United States
| | - Nichole A Reisdorph
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Minghua Tang
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States.
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3
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Canaria DA, Rodriguez JA, Wang L, Yeo FJ, Yan B, Wang M, Campbell C, Kazemian M, Olson MR. Tox induces T cell IL-10 production in a BATF-dependent manner. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275423. [PMID: 38054003 PMCID: PMC10694202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tox is a member of the high mobility group (HMG)-Box transcription factors and plays important roles in thymic T cell development. Outside of the thymus, however, Tox is also highly expressed by CD8 and CD4 T cells in various states of activation and in settings of cancer and autoimmune disease. In CD4 T cells, Tox has been primarily studied in T follicular helper (TFH) cells where it, along with Tox2, promotes TFH differentiation by regulating key TFH-associated genes and suppressing CD4 cytotoxic T cell differentiation. However, the role of Tox in other T helper (Th) cell subtypes is less clear. Here, we show that Tox is expressed in several physiologically-activated Th subtypes and its ectopic expression enhances the in vitro differentiation of Th2 and T regulatory (Treg) cells. Tox overexpression in unpolarized Th cells also induced the expression of several genes involved in cell activation (Pdcd1), cellular trafficking (Ccl3, Ccl4, Xcl1) and suppressing inflammation (Il10) across multiple Th subtypes. We found that Tox binds the regulatory regions of these genes along with the transcription factors BATF, IRF4, and JunB and that Tox-induced expression of IL-10, but not PD-1, is BATF-dependent. Based on these data, we propose a model where Tox regulates Th cell chemotactic genes involved in facilitating dendritic cell-T cell interactions and aids in the resolution or prevention of inflammation through the production of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Alejandro Canaria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | | | - Luopin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Franklin J. Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Bingyu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mengbo Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Charlotte Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R. Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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4
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Yan B, Wang C, Chakravorty S, Zhang Z, Kadadi SD, Zhuang Y, Sirit I, Hu Y, Jung M, Sahoo SS, Wang L, Shao K, Anderson NL, Trujillo‐Ochoa JL, Briggs SD, Liu X, Olson MR, Afzali B, Zhao B, Kazemian M. A comprehensive single cell data analysis of lymphoblastoid cells reveals the role of super-enhancers in maintaining EBV latency. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28362. [PMID: 36453088 PMCID: PMC10027397 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We probed the lifecycle of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) on a cell-by-cell basis using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from nine publicly available lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). While the majority of LCLs comprised cells containing EBV in the latent phase, two other clusters of cells were clearly evident and were distinguished by distinct expression of host and viral genes. Notably, both were high expressors of EBV LMP1/BNLF2 and BZLF1 compared to another cluster that expressed neither gene. The two novel clusters differed from each other in their expression of EBV lytic genes, including glycoprotein gene GP350. The first cluster, comprising GP350- LMP1hi cells, expressed high levels of HIF1A and was transcriptionally regulated by HIF1-α. Treatment of LCLs with Pevonedistat, a drug that enhances HIF1-α signaling, markedly induced this cluster. The second cluster, containing GP350+ LMP1hi cells, expressed EBV lytic genes. Host genes that are controlled by super-enhancers (SEs), such as transcription factors MYC and IRF4, had the lowest expression in this cluster. Functionally, the expression of genes regulated by MYC and IRF4 in GP350+ LMP1hi cells were lower compared to other cells. Indeed, induction of EBV lytic reactivation in EBV+ AKATA reduced the expression of these SE-regulated genes. Furthermore, CRISPR-mediated perturbation of the MYC or IRF4 SEs in LCLs induced the lytic EBV gene expression, suggesting that host SEs and/or SE target genes are required for maintenance of EBV latency. Collectively, our study revealed EBV-associated heterogeneity among LCLs that may have functional consequence on host and viral biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Yan
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Zonghao Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Simran D. Kadadi
- Department of Computer SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Yuxin Zhuang
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Isabella Sirit
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Minwoo Jung
- Department of Computer SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | | | - Luopin Wang
- Department of Computer SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Kunming Shao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Nicole L. Anderson
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Jorge L. Trujillo‐Ochoa
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Scott D. Briggs
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Matthew R. Olson
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Department of Computer SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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5
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Datta A, Hernandez-Franco JF, Park S, Olson MR, HogenEsch H, Thangamani S. Bile Acid Regulates Mononuclear Phagocytes and T Helper 17 Cells to Control Candida albicans in the Intestine. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060610. [PMID: 35736093 PMCID: PMC9224641 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive Candida albicans (CA) infections often arise from the intestine and cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. The role of gut commensal microbiota, metabolites, and host factors in the regulation of CA colonization in the intestine is poorly understood. Previous findings from our lab indicate that taurocholic acid (TCA), a major bile acid present in the intestine, promotes CA colonization and dissemination. Here, we report that oral administration of TCA to CA-infected mice significantly decreased the number of mononuclear phagocytes and CD4+ IL17A+ T helper 17 cells that play a critical role in controlling CA in the intestine. Collectively, our results indicate that TCA modulates mucosal innate and adaptive immune responses to promote CA colonization in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Datta
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (A.D.); (J.F.H.-F.); (H.H.)
| | - Juan F. Hernandez-Franco
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (A.D.); (J.F.H.-F.); (H.H.)
| | - Sungtae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (S.P.); (M.R.O.)
| | - Matthew R. Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (S.P.); (M.R.O.)
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (A.D.); (J.F.H.-F.); (H.H.)
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (A.D.); (J.F.H.-F.); (H.H.)
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-0763
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6
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Yan B, Freiwald T, Chauss D, Wang L, West E, Mirabelli C, Zhang CJ, Nichols EM, Malik N, Gregory R, Bantscheff M, Ghidelli-Disse S, Kolev M, Frum T, Spence JR, Sexton JZ, Alysandratos KD, Kotton DN, Pittaluga S, Bibby J, Niyonzima N, Olson MR, Kordasti S, Portilla D, Wobus CE, Laurence A, Lionakis MS, Kemper C, Afzali B, Kazemian M. SARS-CoV-2 drives JAK1/2-dependent local complement hyperactivation. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.125.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present a wide range of acute clinical manifestations affecting the lungs, liver, kidneys, and gut. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the best-characterized entry receptor for the disease-causing virus SARS-CoV-2, is highly expressed in the aforementioned tissues. However, the pathways that underlie the disease are still poorly understood. Here, we unexpectedly found that the complement system was one of the intracellular pathways most highly induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung epithelial cells. Infection of respiratory epithelial cells with SARS-CoV-2 generated activated complement component C3a and could be blocked by a cell-permeable inhibitor of complement factor B (CFBi), indicating the presence of an inducible cell-intrinsic C3 convertase in respiratory epithelial cells. Within cells of the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients, distinct signatures of complement activation in myeloid, lymphoid, and epithelial cells tracked with disease severity. Genes induced by SARS-CoV-2 and the drugs that could normalize these genes both implicated the interferon-JAK1/2-STAT1 signaling system and NF-κB as the main drivers of their expression. Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, normalized interferon signature genes and all complement gene transcripts induced by SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelial cell lines but did not affect NF-κB–regulated genes. Ruxolitinib, alone or in combination with the antiviral remdesivir, inhibited C3a protein produced by infected cells. Together, we postulate that combination therapy with JAK inhibitors and drugs that normalize NF-κB signaling could potentially have clinical application for severe COVID-19.
This research was financed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the NIH (grant 5K22HL125593 to M. Kazemian; R01HL119215 to J.R.S.); National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH (grant R35GM138283 to M. Kazemian); and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (fellowship FR3851/2-1 to T. Freiwald) and supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH; the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) (project number ZIA/DK075149 to B.A.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (project number ZIA/Hl006223 to C.K.); and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (project number ZIA/AI001175 to M.S.L.). T. Frum is supported by T32DE007057. Funding for part of the work was provided by the University of Michigan Biological Scholars Program (to C.E.W.), LifeARC Charity (to S.K.), and CRUK KHP Centre (to S.K.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Yan
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University
| | - Tilo Freiwald
- 2Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH
- 3Complement and Inflammation Research Section, NHLBI, NIH
- 4Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Germany
| | - Daniel Chauss
- 2Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH
| | - Luopin Wang
- 5Department of Computer Science, Purdue University
| | - Erin West
- 3Complement and Inflammation Research Section, NHLBI, NIH
| | - Carmen Mirabelli
- 6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tristan Frum
- 9Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine at University of Michigan
| | - Jason R. Spence
- 9Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine at University of Michigan
- 10Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- 7Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan
- 9Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine at University of Michigan
| | - Konstantinos D. Alysandratos
- 11Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center
- 12Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- 11Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center
- 12Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
| | | | - Jack Bibby
- 3Complement and Inflammation Research Section, NHLBI, NIH
| | - Nathalie Niyonzima
- 14Center of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | | | - Shahram Kordasti
- 16CRUK KHP Centre, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- 17Haematology Department, Guy’s Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Portilla
- 2Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH
- 18Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia
| | | | - Arian Laurence
- 19Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- 20Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH
| | - Claudia Kemper
- 3Complement and Inflammation Research Section, NHLBI, NIH
- 21Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Behdad Afzali
- 2Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH
| | - Majid Kazemian
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University
- 5Department of Computer Science, Purdue University
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7
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Canaria DA, Clare MG, Yan B, Campbell CB, Ismaio ZA, Anderson NL, Park S, Dent AL, Kazemian M, Olson MR. IL-1β promotes IL-9-producing Th cell differentiation in IL-2-limiting conditions through the inhibition of BCL6. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032618. [PMID: 36389679 PMCID: PMC9663844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-9-producing CD4+ T helper cells, termed Th9 cells, differentiate from naïve precursor cells in response to a combination of cytokine and cell surface receptor signals that are elevated in inflamed tissues. After differentiation, Th9 cells accumulate in these tissues where they exacerbate allergic and intestinal disease or enhance anti-parasite and anti-tumor immunity. Previous work indicates that the differentiation of Th9 cells requires the inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β and is also dependent of the T cell growth factor IL-2. While the roles of IL-4 and TGF-β-mediated signaling are relatively well understood, how IL-2 signaling contributes to Th9 cell differentiation outside of directly inducing the Il9 locus remains less clear. We show here that murine Th9 cells that differentiate in IL-2-limiting conditions exhibit reduced IL-9 production, diminished NF-kB activation and a reduced NF-kB-associated transcriptional signature, suggesting that IL-2 signaling is required for optimal NF-kB activation in Th9 cells. Interestingly, both IL-9 production and the NF-kB transcriptional signature could be rescued by addition of the NF-kB-activating cytokine IL-1β to IL-2-limiting cultures. IL-1β was unique among NF-kB-activating factors in its ability to rescue Th9 differentiation as IL-2 deprived Th9 cells selectively induced IL-1R expression and IL-1β/IL-1R1 signaling enhanced the sensitivity of Th9 cells to limiting amounts of IL-2 by suppressing expression of the Th9 inhibitory factor BCL6. These data shed new light on the intertwined nature of IL-2 and NF-kB signaling pathways in differentiating Th cells and elucidate the potential mechanisms that promote Th9 inflammatory function in IL-2-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alejandro Canaria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Maia G Clare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Bingyu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Charlotte B Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Zachariah A Ismaio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nicole L Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sungtae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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8
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Park S, Anderson NL, Canaria DA, Olson MR. Granzyme-Producing CD4 T Cells in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:909-917. [PMID: 34880104 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cells play important roles in promoting protective immunity and autoimmune disease. A great deal of attention has been given to the differentiation and function of subsets of cytokine-producing CD4 T cells (i.e., Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells) in these settings. However, others have also observed the accumulation of granzyme-producing CD4 T cells in tumors and in autoimmune patients that are distinct from their cytokine-producing counterparts. Despite the relatively large numbers of granzyme-producing cells in diseased tissues, their roles in driving disease have remained enigmatic. This review will focus on the phenotype(s) and roles of granzyme-producing CD4 T cells in cancer and autoimmunity. We will also examine how granzyme-producing cells interact with current therapeutics and speculate how they may be targeted during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungtae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Nicole L Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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9
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Canaria DA, Yan B, Clare MG, Zhang Z, Taylor GA, Boone DL, Kazemian M, Olson MR. STAT5 Represses a STAT3-Independent Th17-like Program during Th9 Cell Differentiation. J Immunol 2021; 207:1265-1274. [PMID: 34348976 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IL-9-producing Th cells, termed Th9 cells, contribute to immunity against parasites and cancers but have detrimental roles in allergic disease and colitis. Th9 cells differentiate in response to IL-4 and TGF-β, but these signals are insufficient to drive Th9 differentiation in the absence of IL-2. IL-2-induced STAT5 activation is required for chromatin accessibility within Il9 enhancer and promoter regions and directly transactivates the Il9 locus. STAT5 also suppresses gene expression during Th9 cell development, but these roles are less well defined. In this study, we demonstrate that human allergy-associated Th9 cells exhibited a signature of STAT5-mediated gene repression that is associated with the silencing of a Th17-like transcriptional signature. In murine Th9 cell differentiation, blockade of IL-2/STAT5 signaling induced the expression of IL-17 and the Th17-associated transcription factor Rorγt. However, IL-2-deprived Th9 cells did not exhibit a significant Th17- or STAT3-associated transcriptional signature. Consistent with these observations, differentiation of IL-17-producing cells under these conditions was STAT3-independent but did require Rorγt and BATF. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Rorγt and BATF partially rescued IL-17 production in STAT3-deficient Th17 cells, highlighting the importance of these factors in this process. Although STAT3 was not required for the differentiation of IL-17-producing cells under IL-2-deprived Th9 conditions, their prolonged survival was STAT3-dependent, potentially explaining why STAT3-independent IL-17 production is not commonly observed in vivo. Together, our data suggest that IL-2/STAT5 signaling plays an important role in controlling the balance of a Th9 versus a Th17-like differentiation program in vitro and in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bingyu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Maia G Clare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Zonghao Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Grace A Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - David L Boone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN; and
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.,Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN;
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10
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Yan B, Freiwald T, Chauss D, Wang L, West E, Mirabelli C, Zhang CJ, Nichols EM, Malik N, Gregory R, Bantscheff M, Ghidelli-Disse S, Kolev M, Frum T, Spence JR, Sexton JZ, Alysandratos KD, Kotton DN, Pittaluga S, Bibby J, Niyonzima N, Olson MR, Kordasti S, Portilla D, Wobus CE, Laurence A, Lionakis MS, Kemper C, Afzali B, Kazemian M. SARS-CoV-2 drives JAK1/2-dependent local complement hyperactivation. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/58/eabg0833. [PMID: 33827897 PMCID: PMC8139422 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present a wide range of acute clinical manifestations affecting the lungs, liver, kidneys and gut. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2, the best-characterized entry receptor for the disease-causing virus SARS-CoV-2, is highly expressed in the aforementioned tissues. However, the pathways that underlie the disease are still poorly understood. Here, we unexpectedly found that the complement system was one of the intracellular pathways most highly induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung epithelial cells. Infection of respiratory epithelial cells with SARS-CoV-2 generated activated complement component C3a and could be blocked by a cell-permeable inhibitor of complement factor B (CFBi), indicating the presence of an inducible cell-intrinsic C3 convertase in respiratory epithelial cells. Within cells of the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients, distinct signatures of complement activation in myeloid, lymphoid and epithelial cells tracked with disease severity. Genes induced by SARS-CoV-2 and the drugs that could normalize these genes both implicated the interferon-JAK1/2-STAT1 signaling system and NF-B as the main drivers of their expression. Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, normalized interferon signature genes and all complement gene transcripts induced by SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelial cell lines, but did not affect NF-B-regulated genes. Ruxolitinib, alone or in combination with the antiviral remdesivir, inhibited C3a protein produced by infected cells. Together, we postulate that combination therapy with JAK inhibitors and drugs that normalize NF-B-signaling could potentially have clinical application for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luopin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Erin West
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carmen Mirabelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles J Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Sexton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Konstantinos D Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 1702118, USA.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 1702118, USA.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack Bibby
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathalie Niyonzima
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shahram Kordasti
- CRUK-KHP Centre, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK.,Haematology Department, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Didier Portilla
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Division of Nephrology and the Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arian Laurence
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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11
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Park S, Griesenauer B, Jiang H, Adom D, Mehrpouya-Bahrami P, Chakravorty S, Kazemian M, Imam T, Srivastava R, Hayes TA, Pardo J, Janga SC, Paczesny S, Kaplan MH, Olson MR. Granzyme A-producing T helper cells are critical for acute graft-versus-host disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:124465. [PMID: 32809971 PMCID: PMC7526544 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) can occur after hematopoietic cell transplant in patients undergoing treatment for hematological malignancies or inborn errors. Although CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play a major role in aGVHD, the mechanisms by which they contribute, particularly within the intestines, have remained elusive. We have identified a potentially novel subset of Th cells that accumulated in the intestines and produced the serine protease granzyme A (GrA). GrA+ Th cells were distinct from other Th lineages and exhibited a noncytolytic phenotype. In vitro, GrA+ Th cells differentiated in the presence of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-21 and were transcriptionally unique from cells cultured with either IL-4 or the IL-6/IL-21 combination alone. In vivo, both STAT3 and STAT6 were required for GrA+ Th cell differentiation and played roles in maintenance of the lineage identity. Importantly, GrA+ Th cells promoted aGVHD-associated morbidity and mortality and contributed to crypt destruction within intestines but were not required for the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia effect. Our data indicate that GrA+ Th cells represent a distinct Th subset and are critical mediators of aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungtae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Brad Griesenauer
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Djamilatou Adom
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Srishti Chakravorty
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tanbeena Imam
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and
| | - Rajneesh Srivastava
- Department of Biohealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tristan A Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and
| | - Julian Pardo
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Department of Microbiology, Preventative Medicine and Public Health, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), Aragon I+D Foundation, IIS Aragon/University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sarath Chandra Janga
- Department of Biohealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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12
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Chakravorty S, Yan B, Chauss D, Wang L, Canaria DA, Jethava K, Chopra G, Briggs SD, Zhao B, Olson MR, Afzali B, Kazemian M. The role of Virostatic genes in modulating Immune Checkpoints in Epstein-Barr Virus associated Tumors. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.249.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a complex oncovirus that infects around 90% of adults. Most primary infections remain asymptomatic but result in lifelong infection. EBV can drive lethal malignancies of both lymphoid (e.g. Burkitt lymphoma) and epithelial origins (e.g. Stomach Adenocarcinoma). Despite decades of research, the exact molecular mechanisms of EBV and host immune system interactions that lead to tumorigenesis remain elusive.
Through systematic analyses of high-throughput sequencing data from >1000 patients with different cancer types, we identified twelve EBV transcripts, including LMP1 and LMP2, which when overexpressed, significantly suppressed viral reactivation. These ‘virostatic genes’ had frequent missense and nonsense variations in cancer patients, disrupting their ability to restrict EBV reactivation. We also found that viral reactivation by classical chemical inducers up-regulates the expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1). Further analyses of the same RNA-seq dataset classified EBV+ tumors into two molecular subtypes based on expression pattern of upstream regulatory immune-related genes and Immune Checkpoint (IC) markers, including PD-L1. Overexpression of virostatic genes in lymphoblastic cells significantly repressed cellular PD-L1 transcription, leading us to hypothesize that a combination of IC and virostatic gene modulation may have synergistic benefits for immunotherapy of EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bingyu Yan
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Purdue university
| | | | - Luopin Wang
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo Zhao
- 6Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - Majid Kazemian
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University
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13
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Chakravorty S, Yan B, Wang C, Wang L, Quaid JT, Lin CF, Briggs SD, Majumder J, Canaria DA, Chauss D, Chopra G, Olson MR, Zhao B, Afzali B, Kazemian M. Integrated Pan-Cancer Map of EBV-Associated Neoplasms Reveals Functional Host-Virus Interactions. Cancer Res 2019; 79:6010-6023. [PMID: 31481499 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a complex oncogenic symbiont. The molecular mechanisms governing EBV carcinogenesis remain elusive and the functional interactions between virus and host cells are incompletely defined. Here we present a comprehensive map of the host cell-pathogen interactome in EBV-associated cancers. We systematically analyzed RNA sequencing from >1,000 patients with 15 different cancer types, comparing virus and host factors of EBV+ to EBV- tissues. EBV preferentially integrated at highly accessible regions of the cancer genome, with significant enrichment in super-enhancer architecture. Twelve EBV transcripts, including LMP1 and LMP2, correlated inversely with EBV reactivation signature. Overexpression of these genes significantly suppressed viral reactivation, consistent with a "virostatic" function. In cancer samples, hundreds of novel frequent missense and nonsense variations in virostatic genes were identified, and variant genes failed to regulate their viral and cellular targets in cancer. For example, one-third of patients with EBV+ NK/T-cell lymphoma carried two novel nonsense variants (Q322X, G342X) of LMP1 and both variant proteins failed to restrict viral reactivation, confirming loss of virostatic function. Host cell transcriptional changes in response to EBV infection classified tumors into two molecular subtypes based on patterns of IFN signature genes and immune checkpoint markers, such as PD-L1 and IDO1. Overall, these findings uncover novel points of interaction between a common oncovirus and the human genome and identify novel regulatory nodes and druggable targets for individualized EBV and cancer-specific therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides a comprehensive map of the host cell-pathogen interactome in EBV+ malignancies.See related commentary by Mbulaiteye and Prokunina-Olsson, p. 5917.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bingyu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luopin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Chin Fang Lin
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Scott D Briggs
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Joydeb Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - D Alejandro Canaria
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gaurav Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. .,Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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14
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Olson MR, Kaplan MH. TH9 immunodeficiency in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:935-936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a site of high immune challenge, as it must maintain a delicate balance between tolerating luminal contents and generating an immune response toward pathogens. CD4+ T cells are key in mediating the host protective and homeostatic responses. Yet, CD4+ T cells are also known to be the main drivers of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) when this balance is perturbed. Many subsets of CD4+ T cells have been identified as players in perpetuating chronic intestinal inflammation. Over the last few decades, understanding of how each subset of Th cells plays a role has dramatically increased. Simultaneously, this has allowed development of therapeutic innovation targeting specific molecules rather than broad immunosuppressive agents. Here, we review the emerging evidence of how each subset functions in promoting and sustaining the chronic inflammation that characterizes IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanbeena Imam
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sungtae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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16
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Olson MR, Ulrich BJ, Hummel SA, Khan I, Meuris B, Cherukuri Y, Dent AL, Janga SC, Kaplan MH. Paracrine IL-2 Is Required for Optimal Type 2 Effector Cytokine Production. J Immunol 2017; 198:4352-4359. [PMID: 28468971 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the differentiation of Th cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, and Th9 cells, but it impairs the development of Th17 and T follicular helper cells. Although IL-2 is produced by all polarized Th subsets to some level, how it impacts cytokine production when effector T cells are restimulated is unknown. We show in this article that Golgi transport inhibitors (GTIs) blocked IL-9 production. Mechanistically, GTIs blocked secretion of IL-2 that normally feeds back in a paracrine manner to promote STAT5 activation and IL-9 production. IL-2 feedback had no effect on Th1- or Th17-signature cytokine production, but it promoted Th2- and Th9-associated cytokine expression. These data suggest that the use of GTIs results in an underestimation of the presence of type 2 cytokine-secreting cells and highlight IL-2 as a critical component in optimal cytokine production by Th2 and Th9 cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202;
| | - Benjamin J Ulrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Sarah A Hummel
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Brice Meuris
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Yesesri Cherukuri
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202; and
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Sarath Chandra Janga
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202; and
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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17
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Cheung KL, Zhang F, Jaganathan A, Sharma R, Zhang Q, Konuma T, Shen T, Lee JY, Ren C, Chen CH, Lu G, Olson MR, Zhang W, Kaplan MH, Littman DR, Walsh MJ, Xiong H, Zeng L, Zhou MM. Distinct Roles of Brd2 and Brd4 in Potentiating the Transcriptional Program for Th17 Cell Differentiation. Mol Cell 2017; 65:1068-1080.e5. [PMID: 28262505 PMCID: PMC5357147 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The BET proteins are major transcriptional regulators and have emerged as new drug targets, but their functional distinction has remained elusive. In this study, we report that the BET family members Brd2 and Brd4 exert distinct genomic functions at genes whose transcription they co-regulate during mouse T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation. Brd2 is associated with the chromatin insulator CTCF and the cohesin complex to support cis-regulatory enhancer assembly for gene transcriptional activation. In this context, Brd2 binds the transcription factor Stat3 in an acetylation-sensitive manner and facilitates Stat3 recruitment to active enhancers occupied with transcription factors Irf4 and Batf. In parallel, Brd4 temporally controls RNA polymerase II (Pol II) processivity during transcription elongation through cyclin T1 and Cdk9 recruitment and Pol II Ser2 phosphorylation. Collectively, our study uncovers both separate and interdependent Brd2 and Brd4 functions in potentiating the genetic program required for Th17 cell development and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Anbalagan Jaganathan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rajal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The First Hospital and Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Tsuyoshi Konuma
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - June-Yong Lee
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chunyan Ren
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Geming Lu
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The First Hospital and Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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18
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Ulrich BJ, Verdan FF, McKenzie ANJ, Kaplan MH, Olson MR. STAT3 Activation Impairs the Stability of Th9 Cells. J Immunol 2017; 198:2302-2309. [PMID: 28137893 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Th9 cells regulate multiple immune responses, including immunity to pathogens and tumors, allergic inflammation, and autoimmunity. Despite ongoing research into Th9 development and function, little is known about the stability of the Th9 phenotype. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-9 production is progressively lost in Th9 cultures during several rounds of differentiation. The loss of IL-9 is not due to an outgrowth of cells that do not secrete IL-9, as purified IL-9 secretors demonstrate the same loss of IL-9 in subsequent rounds of differentiation. The loss of IL-9 production correlates with increases in phospho-STAT3 levels within the cell, as well as the production of IL-10. STAT3-deficient Th9 cells have increased IL-9 production that is maintained for longer in culture than IL-9 in control cultures. IL-10 is responsible for STAT3 activation during the first round of differentiation, and it contributes to instability in subsequent rounds of culture. Taken together, our results indicate that environmental cues dictate the instability of the Th9 phenotype, and they suggest approaches to enhance Th9 activity in beneficial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Ulrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Felipe Fortino Verdan
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202;
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19
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Koh B, Hufford MM, Pham D, Olson MR, Wu T, Jabeen R, Sun X, Kaplan MH. The ETS Family Transcription Factors Etv5 and PU.1 Function in Parallel To Promote Th9 Cell Development. J Immunol 2016; 197:2465-72. [PMID: 27496971 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The IL-9-secreting Th9 subset of CD4 Th cells develop in response to an environment containing IL-4 and TGF-β, promoting allergic disease, autoimmunity, and resistance to pathogens. We previously identified a requirement for the ETS family transcription factor PU.1 in Th9 development. In this report, we demonstrate that the ETS transcription factor ETS variant 5 (ETV5) promotes IL-9 production in Th9 cells by binding and recruiting histone acetyltransferases to the Il9 locus at sites distinct from PU.1. In cells that are deficient in both PU.1 and ETV5 there is lower IL-9 production than in cells lacking either factor alone. In vivo loss of PU.1 and ETV5 in T cells results in distinct effects on allergic inflammation in the lung, suggesting that these factors function in parallel. Together, these data define a role for ETV5 in Th9 development and extend the paradigm of related transcription factors having complementary functions during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghee Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Matthew M Hufford
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Duy Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; and
| | - Rukhsana Jabeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Xin Sun
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202;
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20
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Olson MR, Chua BY, Good-Jacobson KL, Doherty PC, Jackson DC, Turner SJ. Competition within the virus-specific CD4 T-cell pool limits the T follicular helper response after influenza infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:729-40. [PMID: 27101922 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CD4 T follicular helper cells (TFH) are critical in the generation of potent and long-lived B-cell responses after viral infection. However, the factors that dictate the generation and maintenance of these cells are not fully understood. Here we use adoptive transfer of OTII T-cell receptor transgenic CD4 T cells, followed by infection with recombinant influenza A virus (IAV), as a means of identifying and tracking virus-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses. We show that T-cell competition within the virus-specific CD4 T-cell pool induced by IAV infection limits the proliferation and differentiation of IAV-specific CD4(+) TFH responses. In particular, increased T-cell competition for antigen results in a diminished IAV-specific TFH CD4 T-cell responses, particularly germinal center TFH responses. Strikingly, competition in the form of preexisting cellular immunity generated by heterosubtypic IAV immunization limits de novo CD4 T-cell responses in secondary lymphoid tissue. Taken together, these data show a profound linkage between antigen availability and promotion of TFH CD4(+) T-cell responses in response to infection. These data suggest that competition within the CD4 T-cell pool limits TFH responses and may be an important regulatory mechanism for controlling immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter C Doherty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,St Jude Childrens Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Olson MR, Verdan FF, Hufford MM, Dent AL, Kaplan MH. STAT3 Impairs STAT5 Activation in the Development of IL-9-Secreting T Cells. J Immunol 2016; 196:3297-304. [PMID: 26976954 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Th cell subsets develop in response to multiple activating signals, including the cytokine environment. IL-9-secreting T cells develop in response to the combination of IL-4 and TGF-β, although they clearly require other cytokine signals, leading to the activation of transcription factors including STAT5. In Th17 cells, there is a molecular antagonism of STAT5 with STAT3 signaling, although whether this paradigm exists in other Th subsets is not clear. In this paper, we demonstrate that STAT3 attenuates the ability of STAT5 to promote the development of IL-9-secreting T cells. We demonstrate that production of IL-9 is increased in the absence of STAT3 and cytokines that result in a sustained activation of STAT3, including IL-6, have the greatest potency in repressing IL-9 production in a STAT3-dependent manner. Increased IL-9 production in the absence of STAT3 correlates with increased endogenous IL-2 production and STAT5 activation, and blocking IL-2 responses eliminates the difference in IL-9 production between wild-type and STAT3-deficient T cells. Moreover, transduction of developing Th9 cells with a constitutively active STAT5 eliminates the ability of IL-6 to reduce IL-9 production. Thus, STAT3 functions as a negative regulator of IL-9 production through attenuation of STAT5 activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202;
| | - Felipe Fortino Verdan
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Matthew M Hufford
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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22
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Bird NL, Olson MR, Hurt AC, Oshansky CM, Oh DY, Reading PC, Chua BY, Sun Y, Tang L, Handel A, Jackson DC, Turner SJ, Thomas PG, Kedzierska K. Oseltamivir Prophylaxis Reduces Inflammation and Facilitates Establishment of Cross-Strain Protective T Cell Memory to Influenza Viruses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129768. [PMID: 26086392 PMCID: PMC4473273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells directed against conserved viral regions elicit broad immunity against distinct influenza viruses, promote rapid virus elimination and enhanced host recovery. The influenza neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir, is prescribed for therapy and prophylaxis, although it remains unclear how the drug impacts disease severity and establishment of effector and memory CD8+ T cell immunity. We dissected the effects of oseltamivir on viral replication, inflammation, acute CD8+ T cell responses and the establishment of immunological CD8+ T cell memory. In mice, ferrets and humans, the effect of osteltamivir on viral titre was relatively modest. However, prophylactic oseltamivir treatment in mice markedly reduced morbidity, innate responses, inflammation and, ultimately, the magnitude of effector CD8+ T cell responses. Importantly, functional memory CD8+ T cells established during the drug-reduced effector phase were capable of mounting robust recall responses. Moreover, influenza-specific memory CD4+ T cells could be also recalled after the secondary challenge, while the antibody levels were unaffected. This provides evidence that long-term memory T cells can be generated during an oseltamivir-interrupted infection. The anti-inflammatory effect of oseltamivir was verified in H1N1-infected patients. Thus, in the case of an unpredicted influenza pandemic, while prophylactic oseltamivir treatment can reduce disease severity, the capacity to generate memory CD8+ T cells specific for the newly emerged virus is uncompromised. This could prove especially important for any new influenza pandemic which often occurs in separate waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L. Bird
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew R. Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Aeron C. Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christine M. Oshansky
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States of America
| | - Ding Yuan Oh
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
- Federation University, School of Applied Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Gippsland Victoria 3842, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Brendon Y. Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States of America
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States of America
| | - Andreas Handel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - David C. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States of America
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
- * E-mail:
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23
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Abstract
The specialized cytokine secretion profiles of T helper (TH) cells are the basis for a focused and efficient immune response. On the twentieth anniversary of the first descriptions of the cytokine signals that promote the differentiation of interleukin-9 (IL-9)-secreting T cells, this Review focuses on the extracellular signals and the transcription factors that promote the development of what we now term TH9 cells, which are characterized by the production of this cytokine. We summarize our current understanding of the contribution of TH9 cells to both effective immunity and immunopathological disease, and we propose that TH9 cells could be targeted for the treatment of allergic and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Matthew M Hufford
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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24
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Russ BE, Olshanksy M, Smallwood HS, Li J, Denton AE, Prier JE, Stock AT, Croom HA, Cullen JG, Nguyen MLT, Rowe S, Olson MR, Finkelstein DB, Kelso A, Thomas PG, Speed TP, Rao S, Turner SJ. Distinct epigenetic signatures delineate transcriptional programs during virus-specific CD8(+) T cell differentiation. Immunity 2014; 41:853-65. [PMID: 25517617 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate the rapid transcriptional changes that occur during cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) proliferation and differentiation in response to infection are poorly understood. We have utilized ChIP-seq to assess histone H3 methylation dynamics within naive, effector, and memory virus-specific T cells isolated directly ex vivo after influenza A virus infection. Our results show that within naive T cells, codeposition of the permissive H3K4me3 and repressive H3K27me3 modifications is a signature of gene loci associated with gene transcription, replication, and cellular differentiation. Upon differentiation into effector and/or memory CTLs, the majority of these gene loci lose repressive H3K27me3 while retaining the permissive H3K4me3 modification. In contrast, immune-related effector gene promoters within naive T cells lacked the permissive H3K4me3 modification, with acquisition of this modification occurring upon differentiation into effector/memory CTLs. Thus, coordinate transcriptional regulation of CTL genes with related functions is achieved via distinct epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan E Russ
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Moshe Olshanksy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jasmine Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alice E Denton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julia E Prier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Angus T Stock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hayley A Croom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jolie G Cullen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle L T Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David B Finkelstein
- Hartwell Centre for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anne Kelso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Doherty Institute at the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Terry P Speed
- Department of Bioinformatics, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Canberra University, Canberra, ACT 2000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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25
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Olson MR, Seah SGK, Cullen J, Greyer M, Edenborough K, Doherty PC, Bedoui S, Lew AM, Turner SJ. Helping themselves: optimal virus-specific CD4 T cell responses require help via CD4 T cell licensing of dendritic cells. J Immunol 2014; 193:5420-33. [PMID: 25339661 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although CD4(+) T cell help (Th) is critical for inducing optimal B cell and CD8(+) T cell responses, it remains unclear whether induction of CD4(+) Th responses postinfection are also dependent on CD4(+) T cell help. In this study, we show that activation of adoptively transferred Th cells during primary influenza A virus (IAV) infection enhances both the magnitude and functional breadth of endogenous primary IAV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses. This enhancement was dependent on CD154-CD40-dependent dendritic cell licensing and resulted in a greater recall capacity of IAV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T memory responses after heterologous IAV infection. These data suggest that engaging pre-existing CD4 responses at the time of priming may be a strategy for improving cellular immunity after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shirley G K Seah
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Jolie Cullen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie Greyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Edenborough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter C Doherty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia;
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26
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Olson MR, Seah SGK, Edenborough K, Doherty PC, Lew AM, Turner SJ. CD154
+
CD4
+
T‐cell dependence for effective memory influenza virus‐specific CD8
+
T‐cell responses. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:605-11. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shirley GK Seah
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kathryn Edenborough
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Peter C Doherty
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Immunology, St Judes Childrens Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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27
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Jabeen R, Goswami R, Awe O, Kulkarni A, Nguyen ET, Attenasio A, Walsh D, Olson MR, Kim MH, Tepper RS, Sun J, Kim CH, Taparowsky EJ, Zhou B, Kaplan MH. Th9 cell development requires a BATF-regulated transcriptional network. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4641-53. [PMID: 24216482 DOI: 10.1172/jci69489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 9 (Th9) cells are specialized for the production of IL-9, promote allergic inflammation in mice, and are associated with allergic disease in humans. It has not been determined whether Th9 cells express a characteristic transcriptional signature. In this study, we performed microarray analysis to identify genes enriched in Th9 cells compared with other Th subsets. This analysis defined a transcriptional regulatory network required for the expression of a subset of Th9-enriched genes. The activator protein 1 (AP1) family transcription factor BATF (B cell, activating transcription factor–like) was among the genes enriched in Th9 cells and was required for the expression of IL-9 and other Th9-associated genes in both human and mouse T cells. The expression of BATF was increased in Th9 cultures derived from atopic infants compared with Th9 cultures from control infants. T cells deficient in BATF expression had a diminished capacity to promote allergic inflammation compared with wild-type controls. Moreover, mouse Th9 cells ectopically expressing BATF were more efficient at promoting allergic inflammation than control transduced cells. These data indicate that BATF is a central regulator of the Th9 phenotype and contributes to the development of allergic inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity/etiology
- Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Hypersensitivity/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/metabolism
- Infant
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/deficiency
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- Interleukin-9/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-9/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/classification
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/classification
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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28
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Chua BY, Olson MR, Bedoui S, Sekiya T, Wong CY, Turner SJ, Jackson DC. The use of a TLR2 agonist-based adjuvant for enhancing effector and memory CD8 T-cell responses. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:377-83. [PMID: 24394993 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the immunogenicity of protein antigens can be significantly enhanced if electrostatically associated with the Toll-like receptor-2 agonist-based lipopeptide R4Pam2Cys. The precise mechanisms and effectiveness of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated response facilitated by this agonist, however, have not been studied. Here we show that priming by dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining lymph nodes of animals vaccinated with antigen delivered using R4Pam2Cys results in significantly improved T-cell proliferation and induces their differentiation into polyfunctional effector CTLs characterised by granzyme B expression and the ability to secrete interferon-γ, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α 7 days after vaccination. After 30 days, frequencies of antigen-specific CD62(low)CD127(high) (effector memory), CD62(high)CD127(high) (central memory) and CD43(low)CD27(high) CD8(+) T cells, a phenotype associated with strong recall responses against respiratory infections, are also increased compared with responses obtained with antigens formulated in the adjuvants Alum (alhydrogel) and CFA (complete Freund's adjuvant). The phenotypic changes observed in these mice vaccinated using R4Pam2Cys further correlated with their ability to recall specific T cells into the lung to mediate the reduction of pulmonary viral titres following challenge with a chimeric influenza virus containing the K(b)OVA257-264 epitope compared with animals vaccinated using Alum or CFA. The findings from this study not only demonstrate that better T-cell responses can be elicited using R4Pam2Cys compared with classically utilised adjuvants but also highlight the potential effectiveness of this lipopeptide-based adjuvant particularly against viral infections that require resolution through cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toshiki Sekiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chinn Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Russ BE, Denton AE, Hatton L, Croom H, Olson MR, Turner SJ. Defining the molecular blueprint that drives CD8(+) T cell differentiation in response to infection. Front Immunol 2012; 3:371. [PMID: 23267358 PMCID: PMC3525900 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A cardinal feature of adaptive, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immunity is the ability of naïve CTLs to undergo a program of differentiation and proliferation upon activation resulting in the acquisition of lineage-specific T cell functions and eventual establishment of immunological memory. In this review, we examine the molecular factors that shape both the acquisition and maintenance of lineage-specific effector function in virus-specific CTL during both the effector and memory phases of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan E Russ
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Olson MR, McDermott DS, Varga SM. The initial draining lymph node primes the bulk of the CD8 T cell response and influences memory T cell trafficking after a systemic viral infection. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1003054. [PMID: 23236277 PMCID: PMC3516554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) causes a systemic infection in mice with virus replication occurring in both peripheral tissues and secondary lymphoid organs. Because of the rapid systemic dissemination of the virus, the secondary lymphoid organs responsible for the induction of the LCMV-specific CD8 T cell response are poorly defined. We show that the mediastinal lymph node (MedLN) serves as the primary draining lymph node following LCMV infection. In addition, we demonstrate that the MedLN is responsible for priming the majority of the virus-specific CD8 T cell response. Following resolution of the acute infection, the draining MedLN exhibits characteristics of a reactive lymph node including an increased presence of germinal center B cells and increased cellularity for up to 60 days post-infection. Furthermore, the reactive MedLN harbors an increased frequency of CD62L(-) effector memory CD8 T cells as compared to the non-draining lymph nodes. The accumulation of LCMV-specific CD62L(-) memory CD8 T cells in the MedLN is independent of residual antigen and is not a unique feature of the MedLN as footpad infection with LCMV leads to a similar increase of virus-specific CD62L(-) effector memory CD8 T cells in the draining popliteal lymph node. Our results indicate that CD62L(-) effector memory CD8 T cells are granted preferential access into the draining lymph nodes for an extended time following resolution of an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Olson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel S. McDermott
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Varga
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Harirchian P, Gashaw I, Lipskind ST, Braundmeier AG, Hastings JM, Olson MR, Fazleabas AT. Lesion kinetics in a non-human primate model of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2341-51. [PMID: 22674203 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a common cause of pelvic pain and infertility in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the normal location, predominantly in the pelvic peritoneum causing severe abdominal pain. However, the severity of the symptoms of endometriosis does not always correlate with the anatomic severity of the disease. This lack of correlation may be due to morphological lesion variation during disease progression. This study examined lesion kinetics in a non-human primate model of endometriosis to better understand lesion dynamics. METHODS Endometriosis was experimentally induced in nine normal cycling female adult olive baboons (Papio anubis) by i.p. inoculation of autologous menstrual endometrium on Day 2 of menses for two consecutive menstrual cycles. Diagnostic laparoscopies were performed between Day 8-12 post-ovulation at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, followed by a necropsy at 15 months, after the second inoculation. In two animals, lesions were excised/ablated at 6 months and they were monitored for lesion recurrence and morphological changes by serial laparoscopy. Furthermore, five control animals underwent surgeries conducted at the same time points but without inoculation. RESULTS A total of 542 endometriotic lesions were observed. The location, macroscopic (different colours) and microscopic appearance confirmed distinct endometriosis pathology in line with human disease. The majority of the lesions found 1 month after tissue inoculation were red lesions, which frequently changed colour during the disease progression. In contrast, blue lesions remained consistently blue while white lesions were evident at the later stages of the disease process and often regressed. There were significantly lower numbers of powder burn, blister and multicoloured lesions observed per animal in comparison to black and blue lesions (P-value≤0.05). New lesions were continually arising and persisted up to 15 months post-inoculation. Lesions reoccurred as early as 3 months after removal and 69% of lesions excised/ablated had reoccurred 9 months later. Interestingly, endometriotic lesions were also found in the non-inoculated animals, starting at the 6-month time point following multiple surgeries. CONCLUSIONS Documentation of lesion turnover in baboons indicated that lesions changed their colour from red to white over time. Different lesion types underwent metamorphosis at different rates. A classification of lesions based on morphological appearance may help disease prognosis and examination of the effect of the lesion on disease symptoms, and provide new opportunities for targeted therapies in order to prevent or treat endometriosis. Surgical removal of endometriotic lesions resulted in a high incidence of recurrence. Spontaneous endometriosis developed in control baboons in the absence of inoculation suggesting that repetitive surgical procedures alone can induce the spontaneous evolution of the chronic disease. Although lesion excision/ablation may have short-term benefits (e.g. prior to an IVF cycle in subfertile women), for long-term relief of symptoms perhaps medical therapy is more effective than surgical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Harirchian
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer HealthCare, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Denton AE, Wesselingh R, Gras S, Guillonneau C, Olson MR, Mintern JD, Zeng W, Jackson DC, Rossjohn J, Hodgkin PD, Doherty PC, Turner SJ. Affinity thresholds for naive CD8+ CTL activation by peptides and engineered influenza A viruses. J Immunol 2011; 187:5733-44. [PMID: 22039305 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High-avidity interactions between TCRs and peptide + class I MHC (pMHCI) epitopes drive CTL activation and expansion. Intriguing questions remain concerning the constraints determining optimal TCR/pMHCI binding. The present analysis uses the TCR transgenic OT-I model to assess how varying profiles of TCR/pMHCI avidity influence naive CTL proliferation and the acquisition of effector function following exposure to the cognate H-2K(b)/OVA(257-264) (SIINFEKL) epitope and to mutants provided as peptide or in engineered influenza A viruses. Stimulating naive OT-I CD8(+) T cells in vitro with SIINFEKL induced full CTL proliferation and differentiation that was largely independent of any need for costimulation. By contrast, in vitro activation with the low-affinity EIINFEKL or SIIGFEKL ligands depended on the provision of IL-2 and other costimulatory signals. Importantly, although they did generate potent endogenous responses, infection of mice with influenza A viruses expressing these same OVA(257) variants failed to induce the activation of adoptively transferred naive OT-I CTLps, an effect that was only partially overcome by priming with a lipopeptide vaccine. Subsequent structural and biophysical analysis of H2-K(b)OVA(257), H2-K(b)E1, and H2-K(b)G4 established that these variations introduce small changes at the pMHCI interface and decrease epitope stability in ways that would likely impact cell surface presentation and recognition. Overall, it seems that there is an activation threshold for naive CTLps, that minimal alterations in peptide sequence can have profound effects, and that the antigenic requirements for the in vitro and in vivo induction of CTL proliferation and effector function differ substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Denton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Croom HA, Denton AE, Valkenburg SA, Swan NG, Olson MR, Turner SJ, Doherty PC, Kedzierska K. Memory precursor phenotype of CD8+ T cells reflects early antigenic experience rather than memory numbers in a model of localized acute influenza infection. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:682-93. [PMID: 21264852 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic basis of memory T-cell development is poorly defined. Phenotypic markers that define precursors at effector stages have been characterized for acute systemic infections with high antigen load. We asked whether such markers can identify memory precursors from early effectors (d6) to late memory (>d500) for two immunodominant CD8(+) responses during the course of a localized low-load influenza infection in mice. CD8(+) T cells stained with the D(b) NP(366) and D(b) PA(224) tetramers were characterized as IL-7Rα(hi) , IL-7Rα(hi) CD62L(hi) or IL-7Rα(hi) KLRG1(lo) . While the D(b) NP(366) - and D(b) PA(224) -specific responses were comparable in size, decay kinetics and memory precursor frequency, their expansion characteristics differed. This correlated with a divergence in the IL-7Rα(hi) , IL-7Rα(hi) CD62L(hi) and IL-7Rα(hi) KLRG1(lo) phenotypes on effector, but not naïve, CD8(+) populations. That effect was abrogated by priming with viruses engineered to present equivalent levels of NP(366) and PA(224) peptides, indicating that memory phenotypes reflect early antigenic experience rather than memory potential. Thus, the IL-7Rα(hi) KLRG1(lo) phenotype had a poor predictive value in identifying memory precursors in the spleen and at the site of infection. Greater consistency in influenza-specific IL-7Rα(hi) KLRG1(lo) CD8(+) T-cell numbers was found in draining lymph nodes, suggesting that this may be the preferential site for memory establishment and maintenance following localized virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A Croom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
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34
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Olson MR, Russ BE, Doherty PC, Turner SJ. The role of epigenetics in the acquisition and maintenance of effector function in virus-specific CD8 T cells. IUBMB Life 2010; 62:519-26. [PMID: 20552633 DOI: 10.1002/iub.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells are critical for protecting the body from infectious disease. To achieve this protection, CD8(+) T cells must undergo a highly involved process of differentiation that involves the activation of naïve/quiescent cells followed by robust rounds of cell division and the acquisition of effector functions that mediate viral clearance. After the pathogen is eliminated, a small number of these cells survive into long-lived memory and maintain the capacity to respond rapidly and reacquire effector function after secondary exposure to their cognate antigen. This review focuses on how CD8(+) T cells acquire and regulate effector functions and how the capacity to produce effector molecules is maintained into memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Abstract
Children immunized with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine experienced enhanced disease and exhibited pulmonary eosinophilia upon natural RSV infection. BALB/c mice immunized with either formalin-inactivated RSV or a recombinant vaccinia virus (vacv) expressing the RSV attachment (G) protein develop extensive pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge that mimics the eosinophilic response observed in the children during the 1960s vaccine trials. Fas ligand (FasL) is a major immune effector molecule that can contribute to the clearance of respiratory viruses. However, the role of FasL in the development of RSV vaccine-enhanced disease has not been elucidated. RSV challenge of vacvG-immunized gld mice, that lack functional FasL, results in diminished systemic disease as well as pulmonary eosinophilia. The magnitude of the secondary RSV G-specific CD4 T cell response was diminished in gld mice as compared with wild-type controls. Furthermore, we show that CD4 T cells isolated after RSV challenge of vacvG-immunized gld mice exhibit enhanced expression of Annexin V and caspase 3/7 indicating that FasL is important for either the survival or the expansion of virus-specific secondary effector CD4 T cells. Taken together, these data identify a previously undefined role for FasL in the accumulation of secondary effector CD4 T cells and the development of RSV vaccine-enhanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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36
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Olson MR, Hartwig SM, Varga SM. The number of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific memory CD8 T cells in the lung is critical for their ability to inhibit RSV vaccine-enhanced pulmonary eosinophilia. J Immunol 2008; 181:7958-68. [PMID: 19017987 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.11.7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Children that were administered a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (FI-RSV) vaccine experienced enhanced respiratory disease, including pulmonary eosinophilia, after contracting a natural RSV infection. RSV vaccine-enhanced disease can be mimicked in BALB/c mice immunized with either FI-RSV or with a recombinant vaccinia virus (vacv) expressing the RSV attachment (G) protein. We have recently demonstrated that memory CD8 T cells directed against the RSV immunodominant M2(82-90) epitope inhibit the development of pulmonary eosinophilia in either vacvG- or FI-RSV-immunized mice by reducing the total number of Th2 cells in the lung after RSV challenge. In this study, we show that memory CD8 T cells specific to a subdominant epitope within the RSV fusion (F) protein fail to inhibit the development of pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge of mice previously co-immunized with vacvF and with either vacvG or FI-RSV. We observed that the inability of RSV F(85)-specific memory CD8 T cells to inhibit the development of pulmonary eosinophilia was largely due to an inadequate total number of F(85)-specific memory CD8 T cells in the lung at early times after RSV challenge. Increasing the number of F(85)-specific memory CD8 T cells after immunization grants these cells the ability to inhibit RSV vaccine-enhanced pulmonary eosinophilia. Moreover, we demonstrate that RSV-specific memory CD8 T cells, when present in sufficient numbers, inhibit the production of the Th2-associated chemokines CCL17 and CCL22. Taken together, these results indicate that RSV-specific memory CD8 T cells may alter the trafficking of Th2 cells and eosinophils into the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and is an important source of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and immunocompromised. This review will discuss the humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses to RSV infection and how these responses are shaped in the immature immune system of the infant and the aged environment of the elderly. Furthermore, we will provide an overview of our current understanding of the role the various arms of the adaptive immune response play in mediating the delicate balance between the successful elimination of the virus from the host and the induction of immunopathology. Efficacious immunization against RSV remains a high priority within the field and we will highlight recent advances made in vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Department of Microbiology, 51 Newton Road, 3−532 Bowen Science Building, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA Tel.: +1 319 335 8433 Fax: +1 319 335 9006
| | - Steven M Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, 51 Newton Road, 3−532 Bowen Science Building, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA Tel.: +1 319 335 7784 Fax: +1 319 335 9006
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Abstract
Vaccination of children with a formalin-inactivated (FI) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine led to exacerbated disease including pulmonary eosinophilia following a natural RSV infection. Immunization of BALB/c mice with FI-RSV or a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) expressing the RSV attachment (G) protein (vvG) results in a pulmonary Th2 response and eosinophilia after RSV challenge that closely mimics the RSV vaccine-enhanced disease observed in humans. The underlying causes of RSV vaccine-enhanced disease remain poorly understood. We demonstrate here that RSV M2-specific CD8 T cells reduce the Th2-mediated pathology induced by vvG-immunization and RSV challenge in an IFN-gamma-independent manner. We also demonstrate that FI-RSV immunization does not induce a measurable RSV-specific CD8 T cell response and that priming FI-RSV-immunized mice for a potent memory RSV-specific CD8 T cell response abrogates pulmonary eosinophilia after subsequent RSV challenge. Our results suggest that the failure of the FI-RSV vaccine to induce a CD8 T cell response may have contributed to the development of pulmonary eosinophilia and augmented disease that occurred in vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
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Olson MR, Varga SM. Accelerated T Cell Memory Development in the Peritoneal Cavity (85.24). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.85.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Acute virus infection results in the expansion of the number of virus-specific CD8 T cells, virus clearance, followed by the death (contraction) of 90% of the expanded antigen-specific CD8 T cell population ultimately resulting in a stable memory population. Memory cells are characterized by their enhanced ability to expand in number after secondary infection, enhanced cytokine production (IL-2, TNF-α) and surface expression of the IL-7Rα (CD127), CD27, and the lymph node homing molecule CD62L. Most of what’s known about the kinetics of memory development is from data acquired from the spleen, however it is unclear if other peripheral tissues share those same kinetics. We demonstrate here that CD8 T cells isolated from the peritoneal cavity (PECs) after intraperitoneal or intravenous infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) display enhanced IL-2 and TNF-α production as well as a greater frequency of cells expressing the memory markers CD127 and CD27 compared to their splenic counterparts. Interestingly, PECs demonstrated prolonged expression of the activation marker CD43 and similar levels of CD62L compared to splenic memory cells. PEC cells adoptively transferred into naïve mice maintain their phenotype in all tissues found, whereas splenic memory cells adopt the phenotype of their host tissue. These data suggest that the generation of memory CD8 T cells is controlled by tissue-specific signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Olson
- Microbiology, University of Iowa, 3-532 Bowens Science Building, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Steven M. Varga
- Microbiology, University of Iowa, 3-532 Bowens Science Building, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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Haring JS, Badovinac VP, Olson MR, Varga SM, Harty JT. In vivo generation of pathogen-specific Th1 cells in the absence of the IFN-gamma receptor. J Immunol 2005; 175:3117-22. [PMID: 16116201 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms that govern the commitment of CD4 T cells to become Th1 or Th2 cells in vivo are incompletely understood. Recent experiments demonstrate colocalization of the IFN-gammaR chains with the TCR during activation of naive CD4 T cells, suggesting that association of these molecules may be involved in determining lineage commitment. To test the role of IFN-gamma and its receptor in the generation of Th1 Ag-specific CD4 T cells, we analyzed mice after infection with Listeria monocytogenes or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. In the absence of IFN-gamma, Ag-specific CD4 T cells were generated in response to both these infections. In addition, IFN-gamma-producing (Th1) Ag-specific CD4 T cells were generated in mice lacking the ligand-binding chain of the IFN-gammaR (IFN-gammaR1-/-) or the signaling chain (IFN-gammaR2-/-). There was no increase in the number of IL-4-producing Ag-specific CD4 T cells, nor was there a decrease in the expression of T-bet in the absence of functional IFN-gamma signaling, indicating that the cells were committed Th1 cells. Thus, both chains of the IFN-gammaR are dispensable for the generation of Th1 Ag-specific CD4 T cells after infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie S Haring
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
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Olson MR, Axler RP, Hicks RE, Henneck JR, McCarthy BJ. Seasonal virus removal by alternative onsite wastewater treatment systems. J Water Health 2005; 3:139-55. [PMID: 16075940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Viral contamination of public waters is a leading health concern around the world, including in Minnesota where cold climate, abundant onsite systems on poor or thin soils, and abundant surface water resources present a significant risk of wastewater pathogens reaching sensitive water sources. Three alternative onsite treatment systems, a sand filter, peat filter and subsurface-flow constructed wetland (CW) at a field research site were evaluated for seasonal virus removal by seeding each with MS2 bacteriophage. The sand and peat filters and CW removed 2.7, 7.0, and 1.4 log10 of MS2, respectively, during summer and 1.8 and 6.9 log for the sand and peat filter during winter (CW not seeded). Somatic coliphage reductions for the sand filter, peat filter and CW were 2.9, 3.5, 1.0 log10 in summer, and 1.5, 2.8, 0.7 log10 during winter, respectively over a 3 year period. During this period, fecal coliform log10 reductions were 2.9, 4.6, 2.0 in summer for the sand and peat filters and CW, and 2.0, 4.6, 1.6 in winter. The peat filter was the most effective system for removing MS2, somatic coliphage and fecal coliforms during both winter and summer but all systems removed > 90% of viruses throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Olson MR, Axler RP, Hicks RE. Effects of freezing and storage temperature on MS2 viability. J Virol Methods 2005; 122:147-52. [PMID: 15542138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2003] [Revised: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring human enteric virus levels in domestic wastewater effluent is crucial to protecting human health. Occasionally, during intensive sampling, wastewater samples must be stored for later viral analysis. Little data exist regarding how enteric viruses survive during storage at different temperatures in secondary treated wastewater. During a field-scale study assessing pathogen removal performance by various onsite treatment technologies, the MS2 bacteriophage, an indicator of enteric viruses, was inoculated into septic tank (STE), sand filter, peat filter and constructed wetland (CW) effluents to determine virus decay at various storage temperatures. Virus stored at temperatures > or =10 degrees C and at -20 degrees C decayed nearly twice as fast as those stored at 4 degrees C or -80 degrees C. Decreased water quality decreased viral decay rates at 4 degrees C and -80 degrees C, with slowest decay occurring in STE and the fastest in sterile PBS and low pH peat effluent. In CW effluent after 8 days, less MS2 was inactivated when stored at 4 degrees C (20%) compared to -80 degrees C (58%); however, during extended storage (approximately 300 days), less MS2 was inactivated at -80 degrees C (75%) compared to 4 degrees C (93%). We recommend that viruses in wastewater be stored in the dark at 4 degrees C unless storage for >40 days is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Olson
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55811, USA
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Zenty TF, Olson MR. CEO expectation: the Star Wars materiel manager of the 1990s, or C-3PO as role model. Hosp Mater Manage Q 1993; 14:15-20. [PMID: 10125274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Materiel-intensive expenditures account for a significant portion of all hospital costs, second only to salaries and wages, yet materiel managers may often be overlooked as key members of the management team. This is alarming since the potential exists for materiel managers to impact annual savings of hundreds of thousands of dollars by operating efficient departments. Materiel managers have a tremendous opportunity to enhance their image and improve hospital productivity in the coming decade. The challenges of the 1990s will stretch materiel managers' skills toward enhancing their professionalism and achieving the expectations of themselves and top management. If materiel managers will effectively utilize (C3)PO they will increase their educational levels, continue to learn new skills, maintain a customer-oriented management style, exercise creativity, develop and adhere to standards, and be proactive in their responsibilities. The benefits of their success will be felt by patients, hospitals, the industry, and materiel managers everywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Zenty
- Dixie Regional Medical Center, St. George, UT
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Olson MR, Cutler LA, Legault F. Bittersweet: a postpartum depression support group. Can J Public Health 1991; 82:135-6. [PMID: 2049706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M R Olson
- Community Health Nursing, Regional Municipality of York, Public Health Department, Newmarket, Ontario
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Abstract
This study investigated the exploratory behavior 0f 15 legally blind preschoolers as they compared to 15 sighted preschoolers (matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status). Each child was videotaped interacting with a novel toy and a commercial toy for the purpose of looking for initiative-aggressiveness, interest, mode of examination, sensory utilization, assistance needed to solve each toy, and verbalizations during exploration and about the “solution” of each toy.
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Abstract
Explored the impact of group hypnotic and self-hypnotic training on the academic performance and self-esteem of learning disabled (LD) children. Three hypnotic training sessions and instructions for 6 weeks of daily self-hypnotic practice that contained suggestions for imagery related to improvement in these areas were given to 15 children (12 males and 3 females, ages from 7 to 13), their reading teacher, and both their parents, and their responses were compared to a similar but untreated control group of 18. No overall differences were observed between groups. A multiple regression analysis revealed important predictors of self-esteem improvement for the experimental group. The child's hypnotic susceptibility score and self-hypnotic practice by children and parents were the most relevant. These LD children were at least as hypnotically susceptible as a normative sample. Hypnotherapy is seen as feasible in group administration by persons only moderately trained in hypnosis and of potential benefit to self-esteem improvement in LD children, depending on individual difference factors.
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