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Cytotoxicity of Alizarine versus Tetrabromocathecol Cyclometalated Pt(II) Theranostic Agents: A Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7188-7200. [PMID: 35467854 PMCID: PMC9092348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Platinum compounds
cytotoxicity is strictly related to their ability
to be converted into active mono- and di-aquated species and consequently
to the replacement of labile ligands by water molecules. This activation
process makes the platinum center prone to nucleophilic substitution
by DNA purines. In the present work, quantum mechanical density functional
theory (DFT) computations and experimental investigations were carried
out in order to shed light on the relationship between the internalization,
aquation, and DNA binding of two isostructural anionic theranostic
complexes previously reported by our group, NBu4[(PhPy)Pt(Aliz)], 1 (IC50 1.9 ± 1.6 μM), and NBu4[(PhPy)Pt(BrCat)], 2 (IC50 52.8 ± 3.9
μM). Cisplatin and a neutral compound [(NH3)2Pt(Aliz)], 3, were also taken as reference compounds.
The computed energy barriers and the endergonicity of the hydrolysis
reactions showed that the aquation rates are comparable for 1 and 2, with a slightly higher reactivity of 1. The second hydrolysis process was proved to be the rate-determining
step for both 1 and 2, unlike for compound 3. The nucleophilic attack by the N7 site of guanine to both
mono- and di-aquated forms of the complexes was computationally investigated
as well, allowing to rationalize the observed different cytotoxicity.
Computational results were supported by photostability data and biological
assays, demonstrating DNA as the main target for compound 1. An experimental−theoretical approach
to study the
cytotoxicity of ionic Pt(II) complexes containing (O^O) chelating
ancillary ligands.
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2
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Photoconductive Properties and Electronic Structure in 3,5-Disubstituted 2-(2'-Pyridyl)Pyrroles Coordinated to a Pd(II) Salicylideneiminate Synthon. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9287-9301. [PMID: 34126007 PMCID: PMC8277164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The synthesis and the electrochemical, photophysical, structural,
and photoconductive properties of three new heteroleptic Pd(II) complexes
with various 3′,5′- disubstituted-2-(2′-pyridil)
pyrroles H(N^N) as coordinated ligands are reported. The coordination
of the metal center was completed by a functionalized Schiff base
H(O^N) used as an ancillary ligand. The [(N^N)Pd(O^N)] complexes showed
highly interesting photoconductive properties which have been correlated
to their electronic and molecular structures. Theoretical density
functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were performed,
and the results were confronted with the organization in crystalline
phase, allowing to point out that the photoconductive properties are
mainly a consequence of an efficient intramolecular ligand-to-metal
charge transfer, combined to the proximity between the central metal
and the donor moieties in the solid-state molecular stacks. The reported
results confirm that these new Pd(II) complexes form a novel class
of organometallic photoconductors with intrinsic characteristics suitable
for molecular semiconductors applications. The first evidence of enhancement of the role of d* orbitals
in improving photoconduction in crystalline Pd(II) complexes comprising
2-(2′-pyridyl)pyrroles.
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3
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4
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Cytotoxic performances of new anionic cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes bearing chelated O^O ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Electrochromic behaviour of Ir(iii) bis-cyclometalated 1,2-dioxolene tetra-halo complexes: fully reversible catecholate/semiquinone redox switches. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2628-2635. [PMID: 32039433 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04848k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutral cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes of general formula [Ir(ppy)2(O^O)squi], where ppy = 2-phenylpyridine and (O^O)squi = TBC (tetrabromocatechol) or TCC (tetrachlorocatechol) in their semiquinone (squi) monoanionic redox state, were synthesized by chemically oxidizing the anionic parent complexes NBu4[Ir(ppy)2(O^O)cat], in which (O^O)cat represents the corresponding ancillary dioxolene ligand in its dianionic catecholate (cat) redox state. This chemical oxidation leads to the modification of both the photophysical and the magnetic properties of the complexes. While the NBu4[Ir(ppy)2(O^O)cat] complexes are diamagnetic (D) and yellow-orange solids, the corresponding oxidized complexes [Ir(ppy)2(O^O)squi] display paramagnetic (P) properties and are characterized by a dark-green color. The conversion between the two forms (squi vs. cat) is electrochemically and chemically fully reversible. Indeed, the anionic NBu4[Ir(ppy)2(O^O)cat] complexes are quantitatively restored by chemical reduction of the neutral [Ir(ppy)2(O^O)squi] parents. These complexes therefore represent interesting redox based switches between multi-parameter states since they allow switching from a neutral paramagnetic to an anionic diamagnetic form together with a significant change in chromicity. Taking advantage of the significant color difference between the oxidized and the reduced form, an electrochromic cell was prepared with [Ir(ppy)2(TBC)squi] and its spectroelectrochemical properties are reported.
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Anionic versus neutral Pt (II) complexes: The relevance of the charge for human serum albumin binding. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 206:111024. [PMID: 32070915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this work is pointing out the different behavior of two structurally related Pt(II) complexes, the anionic cyclometalated NBu4[(Bzq)Pt(Thio)], 1 and the neutral [(Phen)Pt(Thio)], 2, (Bzq = benzo[h]quinoline, Phen = 1,10-phenantroline, Thio = 1,2-benzenedithiolate), on the interaction with human serum albumin (HSA), a key drug-delivery protein in the bloodstream. Being very limited the number of anionic Pt(II) complexes reported to date, this is a pioneering example of report on a protein-ligand interaction involving a negatively charged platinum compound. The study was carried out by using fluorescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and molecular docking simulations. The results revealed a strong binding affinity between the anionic compound and the protein, whereas a weak/moderate binding interaction was highlighted for the neutral one. Comparative studies with site specific ligands (warfarin and ibuprofen), allowed us to identify the protein binding sites of the two compounds. The work aims to shed light on the relevance of the charge in designing new drugs with a favorable binding affinity for HSA, which strongly contributes to influence their pharmacological and toxicological profile.
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7
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Cytotoxic performances of new anionic cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes bearing chelated O^O ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Adsorption of Nile Red Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14761-14768. [PMID: 31657218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Nile Red to self-assemble into supramolecular packings on Au(111) was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and modeled through theoretical semiempirical calculations. At both submonolayer (sub-ML) and ML coverages, two distinct molecular packings, that is, four-leaf clover and dense chain, were observed, both weakly interacting with the underlying metal surface. Theoretical calculations suggested that the dipole moment plays a subtle role in both molecular assemblies, held together by hydrogen bonds between the Nile Red molecules. Furthermore, although both molecular assemblies were observed in as-deposited samples, a mild thermal annealing caused the transition from the four-leaf clover to the dense-chain packing, pointing out the greater stability of the dense-chain configuration. The study further emphasized how the established interactions between the Nile Red molecules are strongly influenced by the surrounding environment.
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Electropolymerizable Ir III Complexes with β-Ketoiminate Ancillary Ligands. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3025-3034. [PMID: 31291044 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of electropolymerizable cyclometallated IrIII complexes were synthesized and their electrochemical and photophysical properties studied. The triphenylamine electropolymerizable fragment was introduced by using triphenylamine-2-phenylpyridine and, respectively, triphenylamine-benzothiazole as cyclometalated ligands. The coordination sphere was completed by two differently substituted β-ketoiminate ligands deriving from the condensation of acetylacetone or hexafluoroacetylacetone with para-bromoaniline. The influence of the -CH3 /-CF3 substitution to the electrochemical and photophysical properties was investigated. Both complexes with CH3 substituted β-ketoiminate were emissive in solution and in solid state. Highly stable films were electrodeposited onto ITO coated glass substrates. Their emission was quenched by electron trapping within the polymeric network as proven by electrochemical studies. The -CF3 substitution of the β-ketoiminate leads instead to the quenching of the emission and inhibits electropolymerization.
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Anionic cyclometalated Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) complexes respectively bearing one or two 1,2-benzenedithiolate ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11645-11657. [PMID: 30095835 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02444h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel anionic cyclometalated Pt(ii) square-planar complexes NBu4[(C^N)PtII(S^S)], containing 2-phenylpyridine H(PhPy), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-pyridine H(F2PhPy) and benzo[h]quinoline H(Bzq), respectively, as a cyclometalated ligand and the dianionic 1,2-benzenedithiolate (Thio)2- fragment as an (S^S) ligand, were synthesised. By the simple addition of an equivalent of (Thio)2- to the NBu4[(C^N)PtII(Thio)] complexes, octahedral anionic NBu4[(C^N)PtIV(Thio)2] analogues were obtained, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the first examples of Pt(iv) anionic cyclometalated complexes. The molecular structures of the obtained complexes in the case of the NBu4[(Bzq)PtII(Thio)] and the NBu4[(Bzq)PtIV(Thio)2] complexes were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the two series of Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) newly synthesised complexes were studied and DFT and TD-DFT calculations were performed in order to comprehensively investigate the displayed behaviour. All Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) complexes show intense luminescence in the solid state, with remarkable enhancement of the emission quantum yields, proving to be excellent examples of aggregation-induced emission systems.
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11
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Plasmon-mediated cancer phototherapy: the combined effect of thermal and photodynamic processes. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:19279-19289. [PMID: 29189851 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05522f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A nanoplatform for simultaneous cellular imaging, and photodynamic and photothermal therapies has been designed and realized by embedding a purposely synthesized highly luminescent water soluble iridium(iii) compound into gold core-silica shell nanoparticles. These multifunctionalities arise mainly from the photophysical properties of the cyclometalated complex: (i) the heavy atom promotes, through excited triplet state formation, energy transfer processes towards molecular oxygen, with the generation of 1O2 (photodynamic effect); (ii) the overlap of the iridium(iii) complex emission band with the plasmonic resonance of gold nanostructures allows excitation energy transfer towards the metallic core (photothermal effect); (iii) the remarkable iridium(iii) complex luminescence feature, which is preserved despite energy transfer processes, makes the whole system an efficient luminescent bio-probe (imaging). Photophysical and photothermal investigations have been carried out, whereas in vitro photo-cytotoxicity tests have been performed on human glioblastoma cells (U87MG), highlighting significant cancer cell death at a very low photosensitizer concentration (<0.5 μM), by means of a synergistic photodynamic and photothermal effect.
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12
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High Order in a Self-Assembled Iridium(III) Complex Gelator Towards Nanostructured IrO 2 Thin Films. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2703-2710. [PMID: 28816032 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of a new metallogelator based on the IrIII discrete cyclometalated complex [(ppy)2 Ir(bpy)](CH3 CH2 OCH2 CO2 ) are reported, where H(ppy) is 2-phenylpiridine and bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, which is used as an ancillary ligand. The compound is able to self-assemble in water in a range of concentrations between 3 % and 6 % w/w, creating a luminescent ordered supramolecular gel. The gel and xerogel architectures were investigated through polarized optical microscopy (POM), SEM and TEM microscopies coupled with powder X-ray diffraction. The gel supramolecular organization is characterized by columnar tetragonal strands, already present at high dilution conditions, of cations surrounded by counteranions. These strands, in turn, are self-assembled in an oblique columnar cell upon gelification. The xerogel thin films obtained upon complete dehydration maintained the gel supramolecular order and can be used as a precursor for the preparation of nanostructured IrO2 thin films.
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13
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Luminescent water-soluble cycloplatinated complexes: Structural, photophysical, electrochemical and chiroptical properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Anionic cyclometallated Pt(ii) square-planar complexes: new sets of highly luminescent compounds. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12625-12635. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel anionic Pt(ii) complexes were synthesized, displaying an outstanding enhancement of the emission efficiency in the solid state.
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15
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A novel route towards water-soluble luminescent iridium(iii) complexes via a hydroxy-bridged dinuclear precursor. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17264-17273. [PMID: 27722340 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02976k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical characterization of a new family of luminescent water-soluble ionic iridium(iii) complexes of the general formula [(ppy)2Ir(bpy)]X are reported. The Ir(iii) complexes incorporate a cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), the ancillary ligand 2,2'-bipyridyl (bpy) and different counterions (X- = EtO-, OH-, EtOCH2CO2-, MeOCH2CO2-). These complexes were obtained starting from the cyclometalated Ir(iii) chloro-bridged dimer [(ppy)2Ir(μ-Cl)]2, for the first time synthesized through a new microwave assisted synthetic procedure, and subsequently converted into the corresponding hydroxy-bridged dimer [(ppy)2Ir(μ-OH)]2. The latter was eventually used as a sole reagent for the synthesis of all the reported complexes by simply varying the nature of the reaction solvent from water to alcohols and glycol ethers. This study demonstrates the versatility of the [(ppy)2Ir(μ-OH)]2 complex as a precursor to water soluble ionic Ir(iii) complexes. Indeed, [(ppy)2Ir(μ-OH)]2 has shown its peculiar chemical reactivity due to both a strong base character and an unexpected oxidative ability towards the alcoholic function of glycol ethers. All the synthesized complexes exhibit, in water solution, an orange emission centred at 606 nm. Moreover, all complexes display the ability to give rise to gel phases in water upon increasing their concentration, and the photophysical study evidenced the various interactions governing the gelification process. The water-solubility of these new luminescent Ir(iii) complexes makes them potentially useful in bio-related systems.
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16
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Prozessintensivierung durch eine neuartige Trennwandkolonne - Ein erfolgreiches Praxisbeispiel für einen systematischen Retrofit. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Near-IR Electrochromism in Electrodeposited Thin Films of Cyclometalated Complexes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12272-12281. [PMID: 27115248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous thin films of controlled thickness obtained from cyclometalated complexes of general formula [(C(∧)N)M(O(∧)N)], where M = Pd(II) or Pt(II), H(C(∧)N) = 2-phenylpyridine and, respectively, 2-thienylpyridine and H(O(∧)N) = a triphenylamine functionalized Schiff base, have been deposited by oxidative electropolymerization. The films have been electrochemically and morphologically characterized. The metallopolymeric thin films present stable reversible redox behavior and typical cauliflower-like textures in agreement with a nucleation-growth electropolymerization mechanism. However, the film growth is greatly influenced by the nature of the metal center, with a higher tendency of the Pt complexes to promote the 3D growth. Furthermore, a complete spectroelectrochemical study has been performed on electrodeposited films showing near-IR absorption in the oxidized state, high contrast ratios (up to 65%) and low response times.
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Electropolymerized highly photoconductive thin films of cyclopalladated and cycloplatinated complexes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4019-4028. [PMID: 25615009 DOI: 10.1021/am506984m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The complete characterization of novel electropolymerizable organometallic complexes is presented. These are newly synthesized cyclometalated complexes of general formula (PPy)M(O ∧ N)(n) (H(PPy) = 2-phenylpyridine, M = Pd(II) or Pt(II), H(O ∧ N)(n) = Schiff base). Polymeric thin films have been obtained from these complexes by electropolymerization of the triphenylamino group grafted onto the H(O ∧ N)(n) ancillary ligand. The redox behavior and the photoconductivity of both of the monomers (PPy)M(O ∧ N)(n) and the electropolymerized species have been investigated. The polymeric films of (PPy)M(O ∧ N)(n) have shown a very significant enhancement of photoconductivity when compared to their monomeric amorphous counterparts. The high stability of the obtained films strongly suggests that electropolymerization of cyclometalated complexes represents a viable deposition technique of quality thin films with improved photoconduction properties, hence opening the door to a new class of materials with suitable properties for optoelectronic applications.
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The potential of the F127-water soft system towards selective solubilisation of iridium(III) octahedral complexes. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6783-6790. [PMID: 25074753 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain new functional soft systems for use as templating agents for the construction of functional mesostructured materials, the dynamic ordered soft systems formed by a hydrophilic ionic iridium(III) complex (IrPa) embedded into two different concentration F127-water mixtures have been investigated. To this aim, combined spectral and time-resolved photophysical techniques and rheological methods have been employed. The position of the chromophore inside the micellar, cubic and hexagonal phases of the F127 polymeric neutral surfactant in water was effectively determined. The hydrophilic character of the iridium(III) complex chosen allowed preferential functionalization of the F127 corona in the micellar and cubic phases.
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21
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LCDiXRay: a user-friendly program for powder diffraction indexing of columnar liquid crystals. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714003240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The formulation of a standard computerized procedure for the indexing of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of columnar liquid crystals, with the determination of all structural information extracted from a properly indexed PXRD spectrum and the attribution of the columnar mesophase symmetry, is presented. In particular, the proposed program notably accelerates the identification of columnar mesophases together with thein situdetermination of their structural parameters such as mesophase type, space group, cell parameters, cross-section area, intermolecular stacking distance between consecutive discoids and, in the case of ordered mesophases, the estimation of the number of molecules constituting each discoid.
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22
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Orotate containing anionic luminescent iridium(iii) complexes and their use in soft salts. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:784-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Anionic cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes containing substituted bivalent ortho-hydroquinones. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Abstract
New Zn(II)-curcumin based heteroleptic complexes (1-5) have been synthesized and fully characterized, with the aim to improve the bioactivity of the precursor derivative [(bpy-9)Zn(curc)Cl] (A), a potentially intercalating antitumor agent recently reported. Some structural changes have been made starting from the reference complex A, in order to introduce new functionalities, such as electrostatic and/or covalent interactions. In particular, keeping the same N,N chelating ligand, namely bpy-9, two completely different Zn(II) species have been obtained: a tetracoordinated Zn(II) cation with tetrafluoroborate as counterion (1) and a dimeric neutral complex in which the sulfate anion acts as a bridging group through two Zn(II) centres (2). Moreover, by changing the N,N chelating unit, [(L(n))Zn(curc)Cl] complexes (3-5), in which the Zn(II) ion shows the same pentacoordination seen in the precursor complex A, have been obtained. The antitumour activity of all new Zn(II) complexes was tested in vitro against the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y in a biohybrid membrane system and the results indicate that all species exhibit strong cytotoxic activity. In particular the ionic tetrafluoroborate Zn(II) complex, 1, and the neutral phenanthroline based Zn(II) derivative, 4, show the strongest growth inhibition, being even more effective than the model complex A. Both complexes have a dose-dependent anti-proliferative effect on cells as demonstrated by the decrease of viability and the increase of Annexin V and PI-positive cells with the increase of their concentration. Cells treated with complexes 1 and 4 undergo apoptosis that involves the activation of JNK, caspase 3 and MMP changes. Finally, complex 1 is more effective in the induction of caspase-3 activation demonstrating its ability to trigger the execution-phase of cell apoptosis.
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Cyclopalladated 3,5-Disubstituted 2-(2′-Pyridyl)pyrroles Complexed to 8-Hydroxyquinoline or 4-Hydroxyacridine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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2,2′-Bipyridine Zn(ii) complexes: effect of the 4,4′ substituents on the crystalline solid state properties. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj40829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Non-classical anticancer agents: on the way to water soluble zinc(ii) heteroleptic complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:6768-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50367d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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29
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Crystallization and co-crystallization of Zn IIheteroleptic complexes: modulation of properties. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767312098571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tuning solid state luminescent properties in a hydrogen bonding-directed supramolecular assembly of bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) ethylenediamine complexes. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:4919-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Luminescence mechanochromism in cyclometallated Ir(iii) complexes containing picolylamine. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:8899-907. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30699a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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The 'organic fluorine' in action in the construction of organometallic molecular materials. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311084704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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35
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Self-incorporation of a luminescent neutral iridium(iii) complex in different mesoporous micelle-templated silicas. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Liaisons between photoconductivity and molecular frame in organometallic Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11926e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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2,2′-Biquinolines as test pilots for tuning the colour emission of luminescent mesomorphic silver(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:4614-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01842b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Cyclometalated Pt(iv) trans-diiodo adducts: experimental and computational studies within an homologous series of compounds. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:5259-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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40
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Highly luminescent bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) ethylenediamine complex: synthesis and correlation between the solid state polymorphism and the photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:1709-12. [DOI: 10.1039/b925471b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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41
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Non-classical anticancer agents: synthesis and biological evaluation of zinc(ii) heteroleptic complexes. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:4205-12. [DOI: 10.1039/b922101h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Functional properties of metallomesogens modulated by molecular and supramolecular exotic arrangements. Beilstein J Org Chem 2009; 5:54. [PMID: 20126634 PMCID: PMC2813712 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.5.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New concepts for the synthesis of metallomesogens have been recently developed in order to use the metal centre as a scaffold for grafting different functionalities and inducing non-conventional shapes and properties in the resulting complexes. Our strategy was based on the synthesis of mesogenic coordination complexes whose molecular architectures are controlled by the modulation of different and tunable molecular motifs: the nature of the metal ion and the surrounding ligands as central unit, the number of flexible chains at the periphery, and the nature of counter-ions in ionic complexes. The appropriate choice of molecular construction motifs allows control at global architectures and induces pre-selected properties from the level of single molecule to supramolecular network, confirming that metal coordination provides a helpful tool for obtaining multifunctional soft materials.
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Coordination Induction of Nonlinear Molecular Shape in Mesomorphic and Luminescent ZnIIComplexes Based on Salen-Like Frameworks. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Intermolecular interactions and nano-segregation in the modulation of liquid crystalline properties of molecular materials. Acta Crystallogr A 2009. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767309098092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Absolute emission quantum yield determination of self-assembled mesoporous titania films grafted with a luminescent zinc complex. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anion dependent mesomorphism in coordination networks based on 2,2′-bipyridine silver(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2009:7381-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b906178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Room temperature columnar mesomorphism and high quantum yield phosphorescence in ionic ruthenium(ii) 2,2′-bipyridine-based complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b911017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Unsuspected mesomorphism in “tail-free” cyclopalladated 3,5-disubstituted-2-(2′-pyridyl)pyrroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1550-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b818603k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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