1
|
Dvoretskova E, Ho MC, Kittke V, Neuhaus F, Vitali I, Lam DD, Delgado I, Feng C, Torres M, Winkelmann J, Mayer C. Spatial enhancer activation influences inhibitory neuron identity during mouse embryonic development. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:862-872. [PMID: 38528203 PMCID: PMC11088997 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian telencephalon contains distinct GABAergic projection neuron and interneuron types, originating in the germinal zone of the embryonic basal ganglia. How genetic information in the germinal zone determines cell types is unclear. Here we use a combination of in vivo CRISPR perturbation, lineage tracing and ChIP-sequencing analyses and show that the transcription factor MEIS2 favors the development of projection neurons by binding enhancer regions in projection-neuron-specific genes during mouse embryonic development. MEIS2 requires the presence of the homeodomain transcription factor DLX5 to direct its functional activity toward the appropriate binding sites. In interneuron precursors, the transcription factor LHX6 represses the MEIS2-DLX5-dependent activation of projection-neuron-specific enhancers. Mutations of Meis2 result in decreased activation of regulatory enhancers, affecting GABAergic differentiation. We propose a differential binding model where the binding of transcription factors at cis-regulatory elements determines differential gene expression programs regulating cell fate specification in the mouse ganglionic eminence.
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen PW, Hwu WL, Ho MC, Lee NC, Chien YH, Ni YH, Lee PH. Stabilization of blood methylmalonic acid level in methylmalonic acidemia after liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2010; 14:337-41. [PMID: 19686300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2009.01227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia with complete mutase deficiency (mut(0) type) is an inborn error of metabolism with high mortality and morbidity. LT has been suggested to be a solution to this disease, but elevation of urinary and blood MMA was still observed after LT. In this study, we measured dry blood spot MMA and its precursor propionyl-carnitine (C3-carnitine) for mut(0) patients. The results revealed that when C3-carnitine rose during metabolic stress, MMA rose exponentially (up to 1000 micromol/L) in patients who did not undergo LT. In patients who underwent LT, MMA rose to 100-200 micromol/L when C3-carnitine reached 10-20 micromol/L. However, when C3-carnitine rose further to 40-50 micromol/L, MMA levels just stayed put. Therefore, LT stabilized blood MMA level, though there might be a threshold for blood MMA clearance by the donor liver. This finding should be critical to understand the long-term outcome for LT in methylmalonic acidemia.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin MH, Lin HY, Tsao CI, Ko WJ, Hwang SL, Hu RH, Ho MC, Wu YM, Chen SC, Lee PH. Do patients with acute liver failure have a better chance to receive liver grafting? Transplant Proc 2004; 36:2232-3. [PMID: 15561202 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with acute hepatic failure (AHF) were always given first priority on the transplant waiting list. We investigated whether AHF patients will deprive other patients on the waiting list of the chance of liver transplantation (LTx). METHODS AND RESULTS From January 1999 to March 2003, a total of 423 patients were on the transplant waiting list at the National Taiwan University Hospital. Sixty-five of the patients had AHF caused by hepatitis-B-related disease (HBV, n = 52, 80%), Wilson disease (n = 3, 4.6%), drug-induced AHF (n = 3, 4.6%), and other causes (n = 7, 10.8%).Thirty-three patients died and 16 survived by medical treatment. Two received LTx abroad and 14 underwent LTx at our hospital (7 living-related; 7 cadaver). A total of 140 patients died while waiting for a transplant during the period studied. Of them, 107 were among 358 non-AHF patients (30%), and time-to-death interval was 133 +/- 175 days (median: 62); 33 were among 65 AHF patients (51%); time to death was 19 +/- 28 days (median: 8). There were 35 cadaver donor livers available during the period; 28 of 358 non-AHF patients (7.8%), and 7 of 65 AHF patients (10.7%) received cadaveric LTx. Their waiting time totaled 342 +/- 316 and 12 +/- 9 days, respectively (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Most AHF patients died unless they received liver grafts. Even with a higher priority assigned to them, AHF patients still have little chance to get a cadaver donor liver in Taiwan, and non-AHF patients have an even slimmer chance. Therefore, we need to encourage liver donation from living-related donors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chi Y, Kumar TK, Wang HM, Ho MC, Chiu IM, Yu C. Thermodynamic characterization of the human acidic fibroblast growth factor: evidence for cold denaturation. Biochemistry 2001; 40:7746-53. [PMID: 11412129 DOI: 10.1021/bi002364+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic parameters characterizing the conformational stability of the human acidic fibroblast growth factor (hFGF-1) have been determined by isothermal urea denaturation and thermal denaturation at fixed concentrations of urea using fluorescence and far-UV CD circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The equilibrium unfolding transitions at pH 7.0 are adequately described by a two-state (native <--> unfolded state) mechanism. The stability of the protein is pH-dependent, and the protein unfolds completely below pH 3.0 (at 25 degrees C). hFGF-1 is shown to undergo a two-state transition only in a narrow pH range (pH 7.0-8.0). Under acidic (pH <6.0) and basic (pH >8.0) conditions, hFGF-1 is found to unfold noncooperatively, involving the accumulation of intermediates. The average temperature of maximum stability is determined to be 295.2 K. The heat capacity change (DeltaC(p)()) for the unfolding of hFGF-1 is estimated to be 2.1 +/- 0.5 kcal.mol(-1).K(-1). Temperature denaturation experiments in the absence and presence of urea show that hFGF-1 has a tendency to undergo cold denaturation. Two-dimensional (1)H-(15)N HSQC spectra of hFGF-1 acquired at subzero temperatures clearly show that hFGF-1 unfolds under low-temperature conditions. The significance of the noncooperative unfolding under acidic conditions and the cold denaturation process observed in hFGF-1 are discussed in detail.
Collapse
|
5
|
Marhic ME, Wong KK, Ho MC, Kazovsky LG. 92% pump depletion in a continuous-wave one-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier. OPTICS LETTERS 2001; 26:620-622. [PMID: 18040402 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Theory shows that near-complete pump depletion can be obtained in uniform fiber-optic parametric amplifiers (OPA's) for a particular phase-matching condition. We have demonstrated 92% pump depletion in a cw fiber OPA, with a 200-mW pump at 1560 nm in an 11-km-long dispersion-shifted fiber.
Collapse
|
6
|
Froehlich JC, Stewart RB, Li TK, Mosemiller AK, McCullough DE, Ho MC, Kisner JM. Induction of steady-state blood alcohol levels: application to the study of within-session alcohol tolerance in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 25:370-6. [PMID: 11290847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of within-session alcohol tolerance in the rat has been hampered by methodological difficulties related to the measurement of dependent variables at predictable blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) during a single session of alcohol exposure. This study characterizes a method for maintaining steady-state blood alcohol levels over several hours in the rat, referred to as the "alcohol clamp." METHODS Wistar rats were implanted with an indwelling catheter in the carotid artery for blood sampling and another in the external jugular vein for alcohol infusion. To clamp BAC at a predetermined level, rats first were infused with a priming dose of alcohol to establish the desired or "target" BAC, followed by a continuous infusion of alcohol at a rate equal to that of alcohol metabolism in the rat. This maintained BAC at a constant level over time. BACs of 100, 200, or 300 mg% were maintained over several hours in separate groups of rats. The alcohol clamp was applied to the study of acute (within-session) alcohol tolerance in rats selectively bred for high and low alcohol drinking. Alcohol-induced hypothermia was used to index tolerance, and within-session alcohol tolerance was defined as a return of body temperature toward baseline during the course of the alcohol infusion while BAC was maintained at a constant level. RESULTS The continuous alcohol infusion procedure maintained BAC in a steady state throughout the 3 hr alcohol infusion session at each of the three target BAC levels. Alcohol infusion induced a drop in body temperature, followed by a return of temperature toward baseline during the course of infusion, which indicated the development of within-session alcohol tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The continuous alcohol infusion procedure (alcohol clamp) maintained BAC in a steady state, both within and between subjects, across a wide range of blood alcohol levels. The alcohol clamp appears to be a useful tool for subsequent studies of within-session alcohol tolerance in the rat.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ho MC, Lo AC, Kurihara H, Yu AC, Chung SS, Chung SK. Endothelin-1 protects astrocytes from hypoxic/ischemic injury. FASEB J 2001; 15:618-26. [PMID: 11259380 DOI: 10.1096/fj.99-1022com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Under pathological conditions such as ischemia (I), subarachnoid hemorrhage, and Alzheimer's disease, astrocytes show a large increase in endothelin (ET) -like immunoreactivity. However, it is not clear whether ET is protective or destructive to these cells during brain injury. Using astrocytes from ET-1-deficient mice, we determined the effect of ET-1 on these cells under normal, hypoxic (H), and hypoxic/ischemic (H/I) conditions. Under normal culture conditions, astrocytes from wild-type and ET-1-deficient mice showed no difference in their morphology and cell proliferation rates. ET-3 and ETA receptor mRNAs were up-regulated whereas ETB receptor mRNA was down-regulated in ET-1-deficient astrocytes, suggesting that ET-1 and ET-3 may complement each other's functions and that the expressions of these endothelins and their receptors are regulated by a complex feedback mechanism. Under H and H/I conditions, ET-1 peptide and mRNA were up-regulated in wild-type astrocytes, and the astrocytes without ET-1 died faster than the wild-type astrocytes, as indicated by greater efflux of lactate dehydrogenase. The present study suggests that astrocytes without ET-1 are more vulnerable to H and H/I injuries and that the up-regulation of astrocytic ET-1 is essential for the survival of astrocytes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ho MC, Hu RH, Ni YH, Lai HS, Ko WJ, Chang MH, Lee PH. Liver transplantation in a patient with pulmonary hypertension. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2179-81. [PMID: 11120122 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Lee PH, Hu RH, Tsai MK, Ho MC, Lai HS, Lai MY, Yang PM. Liver transplantation for patients with hepatitis B: prevention of hepatitis B recurrence by intravenous antihepatitis B immunoglobulin and lamivudine. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2245-7. [PMID: 11120151 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Shih FJ, Hu RH, Ho MC, Lin MH, Lin HY, Tao CE, Lee YL, Lee PH. Family perspectives of the factors facilitating Taiwanese pediatric recipients' recovery from liver transplantation: one year follow-up. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2152-5. [PMID: 11120110 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Shih FJ, Hu RH, Ho MC, Lin HY, Lin MH, Lee PH. Changes in health-related quality of life and working competence before and after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2144-8. [PMID: 11120108 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Ho MC, Hu RH, Lai HS, Yang PM, Lai MY, Lee PH. Liver transplantation in a patient with diffuse portal venous system thrombosis. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2174-6. [PMID: 11120120 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Yu SC, Yuan RH, Ho MC, Lee WJ. Duodenal Endoclip migration after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: report of a case. Endoscopy 1997; 29:339. [PMID: 9255553 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
14
|
Ho MC, Hu RH. Hepatic portal vein gas following blunt colon injury: report of a case. J Formos Med Assoc 1995; 94:578-80. [PMID: 8696176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Blunt colon injuries sometimes result in signs of peritoneal irritation requiring exploratory laparotomy. More frequently there are no specific symptoms, and this leads to a delay in diagnosis and management. Some imaging studies point to blunt colon injury, but gas in both the hepatic portal and mesenteric veins has rarely been reported. Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is a rare roentgenographic picture, and its presence usually represents a serious intra-abdominal catastrophe. Computed tomography and plain abdominal X ray in a 52-year-old man with blunt abdominal injury showed significant gas in the portal venous system and pneumatosis intestinales of the ascending colon. Exploratory laparotomy revealed segmental necrosis of the transverse colon in front of the vertebrae. The presence of HPVG may have been due to mucosal disruption, vascular compromise or prolonged increased intra-abdominal pressure. Its presence in patients with blunt abdominal trauma suggests the possibility of bowel injury. Surgical exploration should be considered when HPVG is noted on roentgenographic studies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ho MC, Whitehead MP, Cleveland TE, Dean RA. Sequence analysis of the Aspergillus nidulans pectate lyase pelA gene and evidence for binding of promoter regions to CREA, a regulator of carbon catabolite repression. Curr Genet 1995; 27:142-9. [PMID: 7788717 DOI: 10.1007/bf00313428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The nucleic acid and deduced amino-acid sequences of the pectate lyase gene (pelA) from Aspergillus nidulans are presented. The pelA gene contains two short introns, 68 and 49 bp in length, and encodes a peptide of 326 amino acids. Five transcriptional start sites are clustered between 65 and 79 bp upstream of the start codon as determined by primer extension. Comparison of the amino-acid sequences of pectate or pectin lyases from bacteria, fungi and plants revealed less than 30% overall identity. However, five regions within these enzymes, in particular domains associated with the active site, are highly conserved with amino-acid similarities greater than 50%. Phylogenetic analysis using the principle of parsimony (PAUP 3.1.1) showed that pelA is most closely related to pectate lyases from plants rather than pectin lyases from other fungi. Previously, pelA was shown to be induced by polygalacturonic acid and repressed in the presence of preferred carbon sources, such as glucose. Gel mobility shift analysis indicates that a PstI-SphI fragment from the pelA promoter binds to a fusion protein composed of the N-terminal part of CREA, a protein involved in carbon catabolite repression, and glutathione-S-transferase. This result suggests CREA may contribute to the regulation of pelA expression.
Collapse
|
16
|
Poncz L, Jentoft N, Ho MC, Dearborn DG. Kinetics of proteolysis of hog gastric mucin by human neutrophil elastase and by Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase. Infect Immun 1988; 56:703-4. [PMID: 3125112 PMCID: PMC259349 DOI: 10.1128/iai.56.3.703-704.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil and Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastases were compared for their ability to degrade hog gastric mucin, which was used as a model substrate. P. aeruginosa elastase was more active than neutrophil elastase, and 2 to 10 peptide bonds were hydrolyzed within 5 min. The results demonstrate that both elastases degrade mucins actively at concentrations comparable to physiological levels of neutrophil elastase, which raises the possibility that proteolysis of mucins may be one mechanism of damage during chronic infection and inflammation of the respiratory tract.
Collapse
|
17
|
Adeva B, Ansari S, Becker U, Becker-Szendy R, Berdugo J, Boehm A, Branson JG, Burger JD, Capell M, Cerrada M, Chang CC, Chang YH, Chen HS, Chen M, Chen ML, Chen MY, Chi YK, Deffur E, Deiters K, Demarteau M, Dhina M, Dong BZ, Duinker P, Fesefeldt HS, Fong D, Fukushima M, Garrido L, Han RD, Harting D, Herten G, Ho MC, Hueser D, Hussain M, Ilyas MM, Jiang DZ, Klein M, Krenz W, Kuijer P, Leiste R, Li QZ, Linnhoefer D, Luckey D, Luit EJ, Ma H, Mana C, Marquina MA, Martinez M, Massaro GG, Mnich J, Nadeem K, Newman H, Nowak WD, Nusbaumer M, Pohl M, Poschmann FP, Rau RR, Rodriguez S, Rohde M, Rubio JA, Rykaczewski H, Sachwitz M, Salicio J, Schreiber HJ, Schroeder U. Study of hadron and inclusive muon production from e+e- annihilation at 39.79 <= sqrt s <= 46.78 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1986; 34:681-691. [PMID: 9957198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.34.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
18
|
Adeva B, Becker U, Becker-Szendy R, Berdugo J, Boehm A, Branson JG, Burger JD, Capell M, Cerrada M, Chang CC, Chang YH, Chen HS, Chen M, Chen ML, Chen MY, Chu YS, Deffur E, Deiters K, Demarteau M, Dong BZ, Duinker P, Fesefeldt HS, Fong D, Fukushima M, Garrido L, Han RD, Harting D, Herten G, Ho MC, Hueser D, Hussain M, Ilyas MM, Jiang DZ, Klein M, Krenz W, Kuijer P, Leiste R, Li QZ, Linnhoefer D, Luckey D, Luit EJ, Mana C, Marquina MA, Martinez M, Massaro GG, Mnich J, Mount R, Nadeem K, Newman H, Nowak WD, Pohl M, Poschmann FP, Rau RR, Rodriguez S, Rohde M, Rubio JA, Rykaczewski H, Sachwitz M, Salicio J, Schreiber HJ, Schroeder U, Schug J, Stone H, Swider GM. Measurement of e+e---> micro+ micro-: A test of electroweak theories. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1985; 55:665-668. [PMID: 10032415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.55.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
19
|
Adeva B, Becker U, Becker-Szendy R, Berdugo J, Boehm A, Branson JG, Burger JD, Capell M, Cerrada M, Chang CC, Chang YH, Chen HS, Chen M, Chen ML, Chen MY, Deffur E, Demarteau M, Dong BZ, Duinker P, Fesefeldt HS, Fong D, Fukushima M, Garrido L, Han RD, Harting D, Herten G, Ho MC, Hueser D, Hussain M, Ilyas MM, Jiang DZ, Krenz W, Kuijer P, Li QZ, Linnhoefer D, Luckey D, Luit EJ, Mana C, Marquina MA, Martinez M, Massaro GG, Mnich J, Mount R, Nadeem K, Newman H, Pohl M, Poschmann FP, Rau RR, Rodriguez S, Rohde M, Rubio JA, Rykaczewski H, Salicio J, Schroeder U, Stone H, Swider GM, Tang HW, Teuchert D, Ting SC, Tung KL, Wang MQ, White M, Wu HG, Wu SX. Measurement of the strong-coupling constant alpha s to second order for 22 <= sqrt s <= 46.78 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1985; 54:1750-1753. [PMID: 10031130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.54.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|