1
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Love J, Rodriguez-Aponte S, Tostanoski L, Dalvie N, Johnston R, Jacob-Dolan C, Powers O, Hachmann N, Miller J, Hall K, Siamatu M, Mazurek C, Surve N, Barouch D. SARS-CoV-2 RBD dimers elicit response comparable to VLPs in mice. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2692315. [PMID: 37163131 PMCID: PMC10168475 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2692315/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct comparison of monomeric, dimeric and trimeric RBD protein subunit vaccines to a virus-like particle (VLP) displaying RBD. After two and three doses, a RBD dimer and trimer elicited antibody levels in mice comparable to an RBD-VLP. Furthermore, an Omicron (BA.1) RBD hetero-dimer induced neutralizing activity similar to the RBD-VLP. A RBD hetero-dimer and RBD-VLP also shows comparable breadth to other SARS-CoV-2 variants-of-concern (VOCs).
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2
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Dagotto G, Ventura JD, Martinez DR, Anioke T, Chung BS, Siamatu M, Barrett J, Miller J, Schäfer A, Yu J, Tostanoski LH, Wagh K, Baric RS, Korber B, Barouch DH. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a rhesus adenoviral vaccine targeting conserved COVID-19 replication transcription complex. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:125. [PMID: 36302778 PMCID: PMC9610341 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic marks the third coronavirus pandemic this century (SARS-CoV-1, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), emphasizing the need to identify and evaluate conserved immunogens for a pan-sarbecovirus vaccine. Here we investigate the potential utility of a T-cell vaccine strategy targeting conserved regions of the sarbecovirus proteome. We identified the most conserved regions of the sarbecovirus proteome as portions of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and Helicase proteins, both of which are part of the coronavirus replication transcription complex (RTC). Fitness constraints suggest that as SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve these regions may better preserve cross-reactive potential of T-cell responses than Spike, Nucleocapsid, or Membrane proteins. We sought to determine if vaccine-elicited T-cell responses to the highly conserved regions of the RTC would reduce viral loads following challenge with SARS-CoV-2 in mice using a rhesus adenovirus serotype 52 (RhAd52) vector. The RhAd52.CoV.Consv vaccine generated robust cellular immunity in mice and led to significant reductions in viral loads in the nasal turbinates following challenge with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2. These data suggest the potential utility of T-cell targeting of conserved regions for a pan-sarbecovirus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dagotto
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D Ventura
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin S Chung
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mazuba Siamatu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Miller
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa H Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kshitij Wagh
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- The New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- The New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Chandrashekar A, Yu J, McMahan K, Jacob-Dolan C, Liu J, He X, Hope D, Anioke T, Barrett J, Chung B, Hachmann NP, Lifton M, Miller J, Powers O, Sciacca M, Sellers D, Siamatu M, Surve N, VanWyk H, Wan H, Wu C, Pessaint L, Valentin D, Van Ry A, Muench J, Boursiquot M, Cook A, Velasco J, Teow E, Boon ACM, Suthar MS, Jain N, Martinot AJ, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Barouch DH. Vaccine protection against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in macaques. Cell 2022; 185:1549-1555.e11. [PMID: 35427477 PMCID: PMC8926910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, including in highly vaccinated populations, has raised important questions about the efficacy of current vaccines. In this study, we show that the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine and the adenovirus-vector-based Ad26.COV2.S vaccine provide robust protection against high-dose challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in cynomolgus macaques. We vaccinated 30 macaques with homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens with BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S. Following Omicron challenge, vaccinated macaques demonstrated rapid control of virus in bronchoalveolar lavage, and most vaccinated animals also controlled virus in nasal swabs. However, 4 vaccinated animals that had moderate Omicron-neutralizing antibody titers and undetectable Omicron CD8+ T cell responses failed to control virus in the upper respiratory tract. Moreover, virologic control correlated with both antibody and T cell responses. These data suggest that both humoral and cellular immune responses contribute to vaccine protection against a highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuan He
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Hope
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Chung
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole P Hachmann
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle Lifton
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Miller
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivia Powers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michaela Sciacca
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mazuba Siamatu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nehalee Surve
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haley VanWyk
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huahua Wan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cindy Wu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neharika Jain
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Amanda J Martinot
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Yu J, Collier ARY, Rowe M, Mardas F, Ventura JD, Wan H, Miller J, Powers O, Chung B, Siamatu M, Hachmann NP, Surve N, Nampanya F, Chandrashekar A, Barouch DH. Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Variants. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1579-1580. [PMID: 35294809 PMCID: PMC9006770 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2201849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyou Yu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Huahua Wan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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5
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Collier ARY, Brown CM, McMahan KA, Yu J, Liu J, Jacob-Dolan C, Chandrashekar A, Tierney D, Ansel JL, Rowe M, Sellers D, Ahmad K, Aguayo R, Anioke T, Gardner S, Siamatu M, Bermudez Rivera L, Hacker MR, Madoff LC, Barouch DH. Characterization of immune responses in fully vaccinated individuals after breakthrough infection with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn6150. [PMID: 35258323 PMCID: PMC8995036 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn6150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Breakthrough infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have been reported frequently in vaccinated individuals with waning immunity. In particular, a cluster of over 1000 infections with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant was identified in a predominantly fully vaccinated population in Provincetown, Massachusetts in July 2021. In this study, vaccinated individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 16) demonstrated substantially higher serum antibody responses than vaccinated individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 23), including 32-fold higher binding antibody titers and 31-fold higher neutralizing antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Vaccinated individuals who tested positive also showed higher mucosal antibody responses in nasal secretions and higher spike protein-specific CD8+ T cell responses in peripheral blood than did vaccinated individuals who tested negative. These data demonstrate that fully vaccinated individuals developed robust anamnestic antibody and T cell responses after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Moreover, these findings suggest that population immunity will likely increase over time by a combination of widespread vaccination and breakthrough infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-ris Y. Collier
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02215
| | | | - Katherine A. McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Dylan Tierney
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 02108
| | - Jessica L. Ansel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Marjorie Rowe
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Kunza Ahmad
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Ricardo Aguayo
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02215
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Mazuba Siamatu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Lorraine Bermudez Rivera
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Michele R. Hacker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02215
| | | | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
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6
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McMahan K, Giffin V, Tostanoski LH, Chung B, Siamatu M, Suthar MS, Halfmann P, Kawaoka Y, Piedra-Mora C, Jain N, Ducat S, Kar S, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Martinot AJ, Barouch DH. Reduced Pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Hamsters. Med 2022; 3:262-268.e4. [PMID: 35313451 PMCID: PMC8926874 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant has proven to be highly transmissible and has outcompeted the Delta variant in many regions of the world. Early reports have also suggested that Omicron may result in less severe clinical disease in humans. Here, we show that Omicron is less pathogenic than prior SARS-CoV-2 variants in Syrian golden hamsters. Methods Hamsters were inoculated with either SARS-CoV-2 Omicron or other SARS-CoV-2 variants. Animals were followed for weight loss, and upper and lower respiratory tract tissues were assessed for viral loads and histopathology. Findings Infection of hamsters with the SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020, Alpha, Beta, or Delta strains led to 4%–10% weight loss by day 4 and 10%–17% weight loss by day 6. In contrast, infection of hamsters with two different Omicron challenge stocks did not result in any detectable weight loss, even at high challenge doses. Omicron infection led to substantial viral replication in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts but demonstrated lower viral loads in lung parenchyma and reduced pulmonary pathology compared with WA1/2020 infection. Conclusions These data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant may result in robust upper respiratory tract infection, but less severe lower respiratory tract clinical disease, compared with prior SARS-CoV-2 variants. Funding Funding for this study was provided by NIH grant CA260476, the Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, the Ragon Institute, and the Musk Foundation. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has proven highly transmissible and has outcompeted the Delta variant in many regions of the world. In this study, investigators studied Omicron infection in Syrian golden hamsters. Although infection with prior SARS-CoV-2 variants led to substantial weight loss following infection in hamsters, infection with the Omicron variant did not result in any detectable weight loss, even at high challenge doses. Moreover, Omicron infection led to lower viral loads and reduced pathology in the lung compared with prior SARS-CoV-2 variants. These findings show that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant led to less severe lower respiratory tract disease compared with prior SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters.
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7
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Chandrashekar A, Yu J, McMahan K, Jacob-Dolan C, Liu J, He X, Hope D, Anioke T, Barrett J, Chung B, Hachmann NP, Lifton M, Miller J, Powers O, Sciacca M, Sellers D, Siamatu M, Surve N, VanWyk H, Wan H, Wu C, Pessaint L, Valentin D, Van Ry A, Muench J, Boursiquot M, Cook A, Velasco J, Teow E, Boon AC, Suthar MS, Jain N, Martinot AJ, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Barouch DH. Vaccine Protection Against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Macaques. bioRxiv 2022:2022.02.06.479285. [PMID: 35169798 PMCID: PMC8845420 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.06.479285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, including in highly vaccinated populations, has raised important questions about the efficacy of current vaccines. Immune correlates of vaccine protection against Omicron are not known. METHODS 30 cynomolgus macaques were immunized with homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens with the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine and the adenovirus vector-based Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. Following vaccination, animals were challenged with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by the intranasal and intratracheal routes. RESULTS Omicron neutralizing antibodies were observed following the boost immunization and were higher in animals that received BNT162b2, whereas Omicron CD8+ T cell responses were higher in animals that received Ad26.COV2.S. Following Omicron challenge, sham controls showed more prolonged virus in nasal swabs than in bronchoalveolar lavage. Vaccinated macaques demonstrated rapid control of virus in bronchoalveolar lavage, and most vaccinated animals also controlled virus in nasal swabs, showing that current vaccines provide substantial protection against Omicron in this model. However, vaccinated animals that had moderate levels of Omicron neutralizing antibodies but negligible Omicron CD8+ T cell responses failed to control virus in the upper respiratory tract. Virologic control correlated with both antibody and T cell responses. CONCLUSIONS BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S provided robust protection against high-dose challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in macaques. Protection against this highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant correlated with both humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuan He
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hope
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Chung
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole P. Hachmann
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Lifton
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Miller
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Powers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela Sciacca
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mazuba Siamatu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nehalee Surve
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haley VanWyk
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huahua Wan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Wu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neharika Jain
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Amanda J. Martinot
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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8
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Yu J, Collier ARY, Rowe M, Mardas F, Ventura JD, Wan H, Miller J, Powers O, Chung B, Siamatu M, Hachmann NP, Surve N, Nampanya F, Chandrashekar A, Barouch DH. Comparable Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Variants. medRxiv 2022:2022.02.06.22270533. [PMID: 35169817 PMCID: PMC8845515 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.06.22270533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has three major lineages BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 1 . BA.1 rapidly became dominant and has demonstrated substantial escape from neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) induced by vaccination 2-4 . BA.2 has recently increased in frequency in multiple regions of the world, suggesting that BA.2 has a selective advantage over BA.1. BA.1 and BA.2 share multiple common mutations, but both also have unique mutations 1 ( Fig. 1A ). The ability of BA.2 to evade NAbs induced by vaccination or infection has not yet been reported. We evaluated WA1/2020, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2 NAbs in 24 individuals who were vaccinated and boosted with the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine 5 and in 8 individuals who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 ( Table S1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyou Yu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Marjorie Rowe
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fatima Mardas
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Huahua Wan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Olivia Powers
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nehalee Surve
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Collier ARY, Brown CM, Mcmahan K, Yu J, Liu J, Jacob-Dolan C, Chandrashekar A, Tierney D, Ansel JL, Rowe M, Sellers D, Ahmad K, Aguayo R, Anioke T, Gardner S, Siamatu M, Bermudez Rivera L, Hacker MR, Madoff LC, Barouch DH. Immune Responses in Fully Vaccinated Individuals Following Breakthrough Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Provincetown, Massachusetts. medRxiv 2021:2021.10.18.21265113. [PMID: 34704104 PMCID: PMC8547536 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.18.21265113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cluster of over a thousand infections with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant was identified in a predominantly fully vaccinated population in Provincetown, Massachusetts in July 2021. Immune responses in breakthrough infections with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant remain to be defined. METHODS Humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed in 35 vaccinated individuals who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in the Massachusetts Department of Public Health outbreak investigation. RESULTS Vaccinated individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated substantially higher antibody responses than vaccinated individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, including 28-fold higher binding antibody titers and 34-fold higher neutralizing antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Vaccinated individuals who tested positive also showed 4.4-fold higher Spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant than vaccinated individuals who tested negative. CONCLUSIONS Fully vaccinated individuals developed robust anamnestic antibody and T cell responses following infection with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. These data suggest important immunologic benefits of vaccination in the context of breakthrough infections.
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