Modulation of adipogenesis-related gene expression by ethanol extracts of Detam 1 soybean and Jati belanda leaf in 3T3-L1 cells

<p class="Abstract">In this study, we evaluated the effects of ethanol extracts of Detam 1 soybean, Jati belanda leaf, and the combination toward expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) genes in 3T3-L1 cells as anti-adipogenesis and anti-obesity. The differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocyte was conducted using induction medium consist of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, insulin, dexamethasone, and fetal bovine serum. The expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SCD1 gene was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Ethanol extract of Jati belanda at a concentration of 50 μg/mL was most effective to reduce PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SCD1 gene expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Ethanol extract of Detam 1 soybean failed to reduce PPARγ gene expression, whilst in the concentration of 50 μg/mL it was able to significantly reduce the C/EBPα and SCD1 gene expression. Both ethanol extracts of Detam 1 soybean and Jati belanda have potential as anti-adipogenesis and anti-obesity by suppressing adipogenesis-related gene expression, particularly C/EBPα and SCD1.</p><p><strong>Video Clip:</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/UWv9nChmF2Y">Maintaining 3T3-L1 cell culture</a>: 5 min 15 sec</p>

Mediastinal B-cell lymphoma with sclerosis: clinical features and treatment results in 10 patients

Mediastinal large-B-cell lymphoma with sclerosis is now considered to be a discrete subtype of lymphoma. It probably originates in the thymus, a T-cell organ. Early publications consider this lymphoma as an aggressive disorder with poor prognosis. We studied retrospectively ten consecutive patients with mediastinal B-cell lymphoma with sclerosis seen in the department of hematology. Nine were women. The median age at diagnosis was 38.3 years (16-60). Dyspnea (experienced by 7 patients), chest pain (5) and cough (10) were the most common clinical features at presentation. Superior vena cava syndrome occurred in three patients. Five had infiltration of the chest wall or of the pulmonary tissue. Four patients were in clinical stage I (all bulky > 10 cm), four in stage IIE, one was in stage IIE and one in stage IV (Ann Arbor classification). All patients were treated with intensive chemotherapy, mostly containing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine or vindesine, bleomycin and prednisone, combined with etoposide or teniposide and methotrexate. Nine patients responded well to chemotherapy (tumor reduction > 75%). One patient progressed. Eight patients received involved field radiotherapy (36-40 Gy) after chemotherapy. The two other patients were treated with intensive chemotherapy (BEAC, BCNU, etoposide, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide), followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation. Two patients died: one patient received autologous bone marrow transplantation in partial remission and relapsed after 6 months; the other patient had progressive disease despite chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. Mean follow-up is 54.6 months (15-118) with 8 patients still remaining in complete remission. In patients with mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, tumour localisation is often limited to the thorax.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Detam 1 black soybean against cisplatin-induced acute ren failure on rat model via antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiapoptosis potential

Background and aim

Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (Cisplatin) is one of the most synthetic anticancer drug but have several adverse effects and one of them is acute ren failure. Cisplatin can induce nephrotoxicity occur via the toxic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Black soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) has been reported contain high levels of phenolics and anthocyanins that has antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of black soybean (EEBS) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Experimental procedure

Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity rats treated with EEBS and the blood samples taken on days 0, 9, and 18. The effects of EEBS was evaluated by determining Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Caspase-3 (Casp-3), and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Uric Acid (UA) content and catalase (CAT) content in the blood plasma with colorimetric assay kit.

Results and conclusion

Based on the results, EEBS treatment had successfully reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ, and improved physiological condition by lowering BUN and UA content while increasing CAT activity. No significant effect was found in Casp-3 expression. EEBS has potential to improve acute renal failure condition through inflammatory suppression and renal function improvement.

Kidney therapeutic potential of peptides derived from the bromelain hydrolysis of green peas protein

OBJECTIVES

Kidney disease is a global health problem that needs a solution to its therapy. In the previous study, we found that protein hydrolysate of green peas origin of Indonesia hydrolysed by bromelain (PHGPB) showed improve kidney function in cisplatin-induced nephropathy rats. In this study, we investigated the effect of PHGPB to obtain effective dose that exerts a therapeutic effect on chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on reducing urea and creatinine levels and to elucidate its mechanism of action.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Two sets of experiments were conducted: (1) characteristics and proteomic profile of PHGPB, (2) in vivo test of PHGPB in gentamycin-induced Wistar rats, including urea and creatinine measurements, activities of antioxidant and kidney-related peptides (ANP, COX-1, and renin).

RESULTS

PHGPB showed three bands under 10 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and contained 10 identified proteins using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Significant differences in urea and creatinine levels were found between all PHGPB treatments and positive controls (P<0.01). The lowest levels of urea and creatinine that were validated by high super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) level were obtained in the 200 mg/day PHGPB treatment. However, the mean renin level was high and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) level did not exceed positive and negative control levels.

CONCLUSION

PHGPB at dose 200 mg/kgBW shows a potential CKD therapeutic effect that is dose-dependent. Higher PHGPB dose corresponds to better effect on kidney function by increasing antioxidant activity and ANP levels in gentamycin-induced Wistar rats.

Nutrition profile and potency of RGD motif in protein hydrolysate of green peas as an antifibrosis in chronic kidney disease

OBJECTIVES

Fibrosis is the major cause of chronic kidney injury and the primary etiology in diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The initial study of protein hydrolysate of green peas hydrolyzed by bromelain (PHGPB) considered it to improve kidney function parameters and showed no fibrosis in histopathology features in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity rats. In the current study, we aimed to assess the nutrition profile and potency of RGD in PHGPB as antifibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Green peas (Pisum sativum) were hydrolyzed by bromelain from pineapple juice to obtain PHGPB. The amino acid content of PHGPB was measured using the UPLC method, while the primary structure used LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted using the Protease Specificity Predictive Server (PROSPER). The potency of RGD in PHGPB was characterized by determining the levels of Fibronectin (FN) and TGF-β1 in mesangial SV40 MES 13 cell lines of diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

RESULTS

The level of lysine was 364.85 mg/l. The LC-MS/MS data showed two proteins with 4-15 kDa molecular weight originated from convicilin (P13915 and P13919) which were predicted by PROSPER proteolytic cleavage, resulted in RGD in the LERGDT sequence peptide. PHGPB increased SV40 MES 13 mesangial cell proliferation that died from high-glucose levels (diabetic glomerulosclerosis model). PHGPB and RGD reduced the levels of FN and TGF-β1 in mesangial cell lines of diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

CONCLUSION

The nutrition profile and RGD motif in PHGPB show great potential as antifibrosis in CKD.

Reducing transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a surgical ward of a resource-limited hospital in Indonesia: an intervention study

Background

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is endemic in healthcare settings in Indonesia.

Aim

To evaluate the effect of a bundle of preventive measures on the transmission and acquisition of MRSA in a surgical ward of a resource-limited hospital in Indonesia.

Methods

The study consisted of a pre-intervention (7 months), intervention (2 months), and post-intervention phase (5 months) and included screening for MRSA among eligible patients, healthcare workers (HCWs), and the hospital environment. In the intervention phase, a bundle of preventive actions was introduced, comprising: a hand hygiene educational program, cohorting of MRSA-positive patients, decolonization therapy for all MRSA-positive patients and HCWs, and cleaning and disinfection of the ward's innate environment. Hand hygiene compliance was assessed throughout the study period. The primary outcome was the acquisition rate of MRSA among patients per 1,000 patient-days at risk. Clonality of MRSA isolates was determined by Raman spectroscopy and multilocus sequence typing.

Findings

In total, 1,120 patients were included. Hand hygiene compliance rate rose from 15% pre-intervention to 65% post-intervention (P<0.001). The MRSA acquisition decreased from 9/1,000 patient-days at risk pre-intervention to 3/1,000 patient-days at risk post-intervention, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.08). Raman type 9 which belonged to ST239 was the single dominant MRSA clone.

Conclusion

The introduction of a bundle of preventive measures may reduce MRSA transmission and acquisition among surgery patients in a resource-limited hospital in Indonesia, but additional efforts are needed.

Hubungan Lama Aktivitas Membaca dengan Derajat Miopia pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter FK Unand Angkatan 2010

AbstrakMiopia adalah salah satu kelainan refraksi pada mata dengan prevalensi yang tinggi di dunia. Berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan miopia seperti faktor keturunan dan lingkungan. Faktor lingkungan yang berperan kuat adalah kerja dekat seperti membaca. Lama membaca dapat meningkatkan risiko dan progresivitas miopia. Mahasiswa kedokteran berisiko mengalami miopia karena banyak melakukan aktivitas membaca yang lama dan intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lama aktivitas membaca dengan derajat miopia. Metode studi menggunakan desain cross sectional analitik dengan 121 sampel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner tentang riwayat miopia dan lama membaca. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square (x²) dengan kemaknaan (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kejadian miopia lebih banyak terjadi pada mahasiswa perempuan (78.5%). Miopia pertama kali paling banyak terjadi pada usia 13 tahun (19%). Pertambahan ukuran refraksi per tahun pada mahasiswa miopia rata-rata adalah 0.30 D. Sebagian mahasiswa miopia menghabiskan waktu untuk membaca lebih dari 10.7 jam/hari (52.9%), sebagian lagi kurang dari 10.7 jam/hari (47.1%). Mahasiswa miopia sebagian besar menderita miopia ringan. Analisis statistik hubungan lama aktivitas membaca dengan derajat miopia didapatkan nilai p=0,15. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara lama aktivitas membaca dengan derajat myopia.Kata kunci: lama membaca, derajat miopiaAbstractMyopia is a refractive error of the eye with a high prevalence in the world. Various factors association with myopia such as heredity and environmental factor. The strongest role an environmental is near work such as reading. Reading time can increase risk and progression of myopia. Medical students have the risk of myopia because of long and intensive reading. This study aimed to determine relationship the duration of reading activities with the degree of myopia. This study used a cross sectional analytic design with 121 sample. Data were collected by questionnaires about history of myopia and long reading. The data were analyzed by chi-square test (x²) with significance (p<0.05). The results showed incidence of myopia is more in female students (78.5%). Most of myopia occurs first time at the age 13 years (19%). Average refractive power of myopia students increased 0.30 D annual. Some myopia students spending time to read are more than 10.7 hours/day (52.9%), some are less than 10.7 hours/day (47.1%). The most of myopia students suffered mild myopia. Statistical analysis the relationship duration of reading with degree of myopia p value= 0.15.This study showed no significant relationship between duration of reading activities with the degree of myopia.Keywords: duration of reading, degree of myopia

Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model

Objectives

Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors cause skin aging. Intrinsic aging is characterized by decreased collagen density, particularly collagen types I (COL1A1) and III (COL3A1), and an increase in the COL1/COL3 ratio. Extrinsic aging, primarily due to ultraviolet light exposure, leads to photoaging, which causes collagen fragmentation and reduced production, leading to skin sagging. Thread lifts, a nonsurgical method, aim to tighten the skin and stimulate collagen production using biodegradable monofilament threads such as polydioxanone (PDO), poly-lactic acid (PLLA), and polycaprolactone (PCL). This study compared the effectiveness of PDO, PLLA, and PCL threads in reversing aging by enhancing dermal collagen, reducing the COL1/COL3 ratio, and increasing COL3A1 gene expression in UVB-exposed aging model rats.

Materials and Methods

Thirty female Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) rats were divided into six groups, and their back hair was shaved and exposed to 840 mJ/m2 UVB for 4 weeks. Skin biopsy specimens were assessed using Sirius Red staining to determine dermal collagen density and the COL1/COL3 ratio. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to examine COL3A1 gene expression.

Results

PDO, PLLA, and PCL threads enhanced skin quality, similar to the young negative control group, based on parameters such as dermal collagen density, COL1/COL3 ratio, and COL3A1 gene expression. PCL thread was more active than PDO and PLLA.

Conclusion

Thread implantation may result in a more youthful collagen profile than negative control and may be used to support skin anti-aging. The most effective thread was PCL compared to PDO and PLLA.

Protein Hydrolysate of Green Peas Bromelain Attenuates Kidney Fibrosis in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Rats: Emphasis on Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Massive tubule fibrosis is a histopathology hallmark of chronic renal failure (CRF). The previous study of protein hydrolysate of green pea (Pisum sativum) bromelain (PHGPB) showed promising results as an antifibrosis in glucose-induced renal mesangial culture cells, by decreasing their TGF-β levels. In this experiment the anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic effect of PHGPB in Cisplatin-induced chronic renal failure (CRF) rats was measured. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antifibrosis effect of PHGPB in Cisplatin-induced chronic renal failure rats. Five groups consisted of five rats: negative control, Cisplatin control, and three groups of Cisplatin+PHGPB (dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW/day) treated for 56 days. The examined parameters are Beta-2-microglobulin (β2MG), hs-CRP, histopathological observations of Masson's trichrome stain, and IHC. The level of β2MG and hs-CRP in the Cisplatin+PHGPB group lowered and was highly different from Cisplatin control (p<0.05) depending on doses. In histopathology, the Cisplatin+PHGPB 400 mg/kg BW group showed less fibrosis and no significant difference with the negative control in Masson trichome staining. While in IHC histopathology, PHGPB treatment slightly ameliorated TGF-β expression and intensity of TGF-β values convincingly. In conclusion, PHGPB can relieve kidney fibrosis in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity rats: Emphasis on anti-inflammatory activities.

Clinical Profile of Bilateral Optic Neuritis

Neuritis optik adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk merujuk suatu peradangan pada saraf optik. Neuritis optik bilateral pada orang dewasa jarang terjadi, terutama pada individu tanpa adanya kelainan sistemik inflamasi atau autoimun. Tujuan: Untuk menggambarkan profil klinis neuritis optik bilateral akut pada orang dewasa, efek terapi kortikosteroid intravena serta waktu pemulihan visus. Metode: Kami melakukan tinjauan retrospektif terhadap rekam medis pasien yang merujuk ke klinik neuro-ophthalmologi di Rumah Sakit M. Djamil dengan neuritis optik bilateral akut dari Januari 2016 sampai April 2017. Kriteria eksklusi mencakup multiple sclerosis atau myelopathy sebelumnya, kelainan sistemik yang dikenal atau pengobatan yang terkait dengan neuropati optik, uveitis, atau neoplasma. Pasien mendapatkan metilprednisolon intravena yang diikuti oleh tappering off metilprednisolon oral. Ketajaman visual, lapang pandang, penemuan oftalmoskopi, dan evaluasi neurologis dicatat pada awal dan pada 1 bulan atau 3 bulan. Hasil: Sembilan pasien dari 4 pria dan 5 wanita, dengan rentang usia 22-41 tahun, memiliki penglihatan bilateral yang menurun, 6 dengan rasa sakit pada menggerakan mata. Semua pasien memiliki evaluasi neurologis normal, dengan ketajaman penglihatan mulai dari penghitungan jari sampai gerakan tangan dan berbagai pola lapang pandang. Kedua saraf optik menunjukkan temuan ophthalmoscopy yang tidak normal. Setelah terapi kortikosteroid rata-rata 2 minggu, semua pasien menunjukkan perbaikan pada ketajaman penglihatan, bidang visual, dan temuan oftalmoskopi. Tidak ada pasien yang mengalami masalah neurologis selama follow-up dengan rata-rata 3 bulan. Kesimpulan: Neuritis optik bilateral idiopatik jarang terjadi pada orang dewasa. Terapi kortikosteroid menunjukkan hasil visual yang baik.

Combined extract (Curcuma longa-Glycyrrhiza glabra) alleviates the inflammations of Achilles tendinopathy in Wistar rats

OBJECTIVE

Achilles tendinopathy is a frequent pathological condition in adults with overused ankles, causing microtrauma, inducing tenocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response. Common treatment involves oral prescription or injection of anti-inflammatory agents, surgery, or shock-wave therapy. However, prolonged administration is not advisable due to adverse effects. Therefore, a novel and safe regimen is needed. Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts are known for their anti-inflammatory effects owing to their active compounds (curcumin and glycyrrhizin, respectively). This study aimed to determine the effect of combined extracts of Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra on tendon healing in an animal model of Achilles tendinopathy (Wistar rats).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study took place from February to May 2022 and compared the regimens administered to 32 animal models of Wistar rats with 4 healthy rats as a control group to determine the most effective therapeutic regimen: immobilization, immobilization with ibuprofen, or immobilization with the combined extract. The outcomes were measured to find which intervention provided the lowest inflammatory markers [High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB-1), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Chemokin motif ligand 12 (CXCL-12)], and improved tissue morphology represented by the BONAR score, decreased cross-sectional area (CSA), and increased Macrophage 2 (M2) differentiation.

RESULTS

After Achilles tendinopathy was induced, total immobilization (I1) was proven to be the most effective with the lowest CSA, whereas immobilization+175 mg/kg Curcuma longa+110 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (I5) was the most effective with the lowest HMGB-1 levels and the lowest CXCL-12 levels. Immobilization+131 mg/kg Curcuma longa+82.5 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (I6) was the most effective with the lowest Bonar score, while immobilization+87.5 mg/kg Curcuma longa+55 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (I7) was proven to be the most effective with the highest M2 coverage area and the lowest TNF-α levels.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that combined extract therapy was the most effective intervention for treating Achilles tendinopathy due to its ability to provide the lowest inflammatory markers.