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Powders MT, Luqmani BA, Pidou M, Zhu M, McAdam EJ. The use of ammonia recovered from wastewater as a zero-carbon energy vector to decarbonise heat, power and transport - A review. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 268:122649. [PMID: 39509768 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is an energy vector with an emerging role in decarbonising heat, power and transport through its direct use as a fuel, or indirectly as a hydrogen carrier. Global ammonia production is having to grow to enable the exploitation of NH3 for energy decarbonisation, which it is projected will consume >50 % of manufacturing capacity by 2050. Ammonia recovered from wastewater can be directly exploited as a sustainable source of ammonia, to reduce the demand for ammonia produced through the energy intensive Haber-Bosch process, while fostering a triple carbon benefit to the water sector, by: (i) avoiding the energy required for aeration of biological processes; (ii) reducing nitrous oxide emissions associated with ammonia oxidation, which is a potent greenhouse gas; and (iii) producing a zero-carbon energy source that can decarbonise energy use. While previous reviews have described technologies relevant for ammonia recovery, to produce ammonia as a zero-carbon fuel or hydrogen carrier, wastewater ammonia must be transformed into the relevant concentration, phase and achieve the product quality demanded for zero carbon heat, power and transport applications, which are distinct from those demanded for more conventional exploitation routes (e.g. agricultural). This review therefore presents a synthesis of established and emerging technologies for the extraction and concentration of ammonia from wastewater, with specific emphasis on enabling the production of ammonia in a form that can be directly exploited for zero carbon energy generation. A précis of technologies for the valorisation of ammonia as a clean energy or hydrogen resource is also introduced, together with discussion of their relevancy and applicability to the water sector including implications to energy, carbon emissions and financial return. The exploitation of ammonia recovered from wastewater as a zero carbon energy source is shown to offer a critical contemporary response for the water sector that seeks to rapidly decarbonise existing infrastructure, while responding to ever stricter nitrogen discharge limits.
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Yuan X, Tao R, Zhu M, Zhu J. Comparative Efficacy of 3 Methods of Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Degenerative Diseases in a Tertiary Public Hospital. World Neurosurg 2024; 194:123553. [PMID: 39653081 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of large-channel endoscope-assisted posterior lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-PLIF), minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF), and open posterior lumbar interbody fusion in treatment of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. METHODS Data of 110 patients with degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine were analyzed retrospectively: 31 patients underwent Endo-PLIF, 36 patients underwent MIS-TLIF, and 43 patients underwent modified TLIF. We compared operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, latent blood loss, intraoperative radiation dose, visual analog scale score, Oswestry Disability Index, anterior protrusion angle of the intervertebral space, postoperative ambulatory time, postoperative duration of hospital stay, and complications among the 3 groups. The prevalence of interbody fusion was observed at follow-up. RESULTS Operative duration of Endo-PLIF was longer than that of MIS-TLIF and modified TLIF (P < 0.05). In terms of intraoperative blood loss, latent blood loss, and recovery time, Endo-PLIF and MIS-TLIF had clear advantages (P < 0.05). Visual analog scale score and Oswestry Disability Index of the 3 groups were satisfactory, but low back pain of patients in the Endo-PLIF and MIS-TLIF groups was less than that in the modified TLIF group (P < 0.05). In terms of complications and prevalence of interbody fusion, there were no significant differences among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS All 3 operative methods had satisfactory efficacy. Endo-PLIF can be employed to treat lumbar degenerative diseases more precisely and in a minimally invasive fashion, but a learning curve and improvement in surgical instruments are needed.
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Ma L, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang M, Zhu M. An isothermal recombinase polymerase assay coupled with lateral flow dipstick for differentiation of pseudorabies virus wild isolates and gE-deleted vaccine strains. Pol J Vet Sci 2024; 27:621-630. [PMID: 39736036 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.152952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2024]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the most important infectious diseases which leads to significant economic losses in the global swine industry. The gE-deleted vaccine is widely used to prevent susceptible pigs from PRV infection. There is no report of the differentiation of PRV wild strain and vaccine strain by recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) method. In the present study, the gD and gE gene-targeted primer-probe sets were designed. The RPA-LFD assay could discriminate between the PRV wild strain and the vaccine strain. The RPA reaction conditions were also evaluated. The optimal reaction temperature and reaction time for the RPA-LFD assay were 37℃ and 20 min. The detection limit was 10 genome copies per reaction for PRV wild strain and gE-deleted vaccine strain. The assay did not have cross-reaction with other common swine viral pathogens. The effectiveness of the RPA-LFD assay for detecting the clinical samples was evaluated by testing 80 samples. The result of the assay was compared with that of the conventional PCR. The positive rate of PRV wild strain by the RPA-LFD assay was 20%, whereas the positive rate of PRV wild strain by the PCR assay was 18.8%. The assay therefore provides a novel alternative for differentiation of PRV wild strain and vaccine strain.
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Kim TM, Taszner M, Novelli S, Cho SG, Villasboas JC, Merli M, Jiménez-Ubieto A, Tessoulin B, Poon LM, Tucker D, Walewski J, Yi S, Song Y, Chong G, Bachy E, Guidez S, Alonso A, Jagadeesh D, Zhang W, Magnano L, Iskierka-Jażdżewska E, Tani M, Shen B, Uppala A, Zhu M, Shariff S, Brouwer-Visser J, Chaudhry A, Mohamed H, Ambati S, Luminari S. Safety and efficacy of odronextamab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:1039-1047. [PMID: 39147364 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.08.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odronextamab, a CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody that engages cytotoxic T cells to destroy malignant B cells, has demonstrated encouraging activity across multiple subtypes of relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase II study (ELM-2; NCT03888105) evaluated odronextamab in patients with R/R follicular lymphoma after two or more lines of systemic therapy. Patients received intravenous odronextamab in 21-day cycles, with step-up dosing in cycle 1 to help mitigate the risk of cytokine release syndrome, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate by independent central review. RESULTS Among 128 patients evaluated, 95% completed cycle 1, and 85% completed four or more cycles. At 20.1 months' efficacy follow-up, objective response rate was 80.0% and complete response rate was 73.4%. Median duration of complete response was 25.1 months. Median progression-free survival was 20.7 months, and median overall survival was not reached. Discontinuation of odronextamab due to adverse events occurred in 16% of patients. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were cytokine release syndrome [56%; grade ≥3 1.7% (1/60) with 0.7/4/20 mg step-up], neutropenia (39%), and pyrexia (38%). CONCLUSIONS Odronextamab achieved high complete response rates with generally manageable safety in patients with heavily pretreated R/R follicular lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Follicular/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Female
- Aged
- Adult
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Bispecific/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Bispecific/adverse effects
- Aged, 80 and over
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Progression-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
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Zhu M, Jin S, Li T. A novel compound heterozygous mutation in the DNAH9 gene causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. QJM 2024; 117:818-820. [PMID: 39115416 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcae154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/29/2024] Open
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Zhu M, Romerio V, Steiger N, Nabi SD, Murai N, Ohira-Kawamura S, Povarov KY, Skourski Y, Sibille R, Keller L, Yan Z, Gvasaliya S, Zheludev A. Continuum Excitations in a Spin Supersolid on a Triangular Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:186704. [PMID: 39547189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.186704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic, thermodynamic, neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering are used to study spin correlations in the easy-axis XXZ triangular lattice magnet K_{2}Co(SeO_{3})_{2}. Despite the presence of quasi-2D "supersolid" magnetic order, the low-energy excitation spectrum contains no sharp modes and is instead a broad and structured multiparticle continuum. Applying a weak magnetic field drives the system into an m=1/3 fractional magnetization plateau phase and restores sharp spin wave modes. To some extent, the behavior at zero field can be understood in terms of spin wave decay. However, the presence of clear excitation minima at the M points of the Brillouin zone suggest that the spinon language may provide a more adequate description, and signals a possible proximity to a Dirac spin liquid state.
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Liang Y, Wei HY, Chen RM, Zhang ZX, Cheng XR, Tao N, Wang CL, Yang Y, Xin Y, Fan X, Zhang XX, Liu GL, Cheng SQ, Zhu M, Du HW, Sun Y, Chen LQ, Cui LW, Luo XP. [Clinical characteristics and management status of Turner syndrome in 1 089 children]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2024; 62:962-968. [PMID: 39327963 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20240523-00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and management status of children with Turner syndrome (TS) in China. Methods: As a cross-sectional study, 1 089 TS patients were included in the database of the National Collaborative Alliance for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Turner Syndrome from August 2019 to November 2023. Clinical characteristics (growth development, sexual development, organ anomalies, etc.), karyotypes, auxiliary examinations, and treatments were collected and analyzed. Results: Among the 1 089 TS cases, 809 were recorded karyotypes. The karyotype distribution was as follows: 45, X in 317 cases (39.2%), X chromosome structural variants (including partial deletions of p or q arm, ring chromosome, and marker chromosome) in 89 cases (11.0%), 45, X/46, XX mosaicism in 158 cases (19.5%), mosaicism with X chromosome structural variants in 209 cases (25.8%), and presence of Y chromosome material in 36 cases (4.4%). Among the 824 TS cases, the age of diagnosis was 9.7(6.4, 12.2) years, with a height standard deviation score (HtSDS) of -3.1±1.2. Five hundred and fifty three cases underwent growth hormone (GH) stimulation test, and 352 cases (63.7%) had GH peak values <10 μg/L and 75.9% (577/760) had low IGF1 levels, with IGF1 SDS ≤-2 accounting for 38.2% (290 cases). Among 471 cases aged ≥8 years, 132 cases (28.0%) showed spontaneous sexual development (mean bone age (11.0±1.7) years), 10 cases had spontaneous menarche (mean bone age (12.0±2.2) years), and 2 cases had regular menstrual cycles. Common physical features included cubitus valgus (311 cases (28.5%)), neck webbing (188 cases (17.2%)), low posterior hairline (185 cases (17.0%)), shield chest (153 cases (14.0%)), high arched palate (127 cases (11.6%)), short fourth metacarpal (43 cases (3.9%)), and spinal abnormalities (38 cases (3.5%)). Congenital cardiovascular and urogenital anomalies occurred in 91 cases (19.4%) and 66 cases (12.0%)respectively. Abdominal ultrasound in 33 cases (7.2%) indicated fatty liver, hepatomegaly, intrahepatic bile duct stones, and splenomegaly. Among 23 cases undergoing oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) test, 2 were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 4 with impaired glucose tolerance. Following diagnosis, 669 cases (80.7%) received rhGH treatment at a chronological age of (9±4) years and bone age of (8.3±3.2) years. Additionally, 112 cases (19.4%) received sex hormone replacement therapy starting at the age of (14±4) years and bone age of (12.6±1.2) years. Conclusions: The karyotypes of 45, X and mosaicism were most common in Chinese children with TS. The clinical manifestations were mainly short stature and gonadal dysplasia. However, a few TS children could be in the normal range of height, and some cases among those aged of ≥8 years old had spontaneous sexual development. Some exhibited physical features, congenital cardiovascular and urogenital anomalies, and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-IGF1 axis. Moreover, a few of them developed impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. Following diagnosis, most of the patients received rhGH treatment, and a few of them received sex hormone replacement therapy.
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Jiang M, Zhu M, Ding J, Wang H, Yu Q, Chen X, He Y, Wang M, Luo X, Wu C, Zhang L, Yao X, Wang H, Li X, Liao X, Jiang Z, Jin Z. Nanocluster-agminated amorphous cobalt nanofilms for highly selective electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134909. [PMID: 38905979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing highly-efficient electrocatalysts for the nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR) is a persistent challenge. Here, we present the successful synthesis of 14 amorphous/low crystallinity metal nanofilms on three-dimensional carbon fibers (M-NFs/CP), including Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, In, Sn, Pb, Au, or Bi, using rapid thermal evaporation. Among these samples, our study identifies the amorphous Co nanofilm with fine agglomerated Co clusters as the optimal electrocatalyst for NITRR in a neutral medium. The resulting Co-NFs/CP exhibits a remarkable Faradaic efficiency (FENH3) of 91.15 % at - 0.9 V vs RHE, surpassing commercial Co foil (39 %) and Co powder (20 %), despite sharing the same metal composition. Furthermore, during the electrochemical NITRR, the key intermediates on the surface of the Co-NFs/CP catalyst were detected by in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the possible reaction ways were probed by Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Theoretical calculations illustrate that the abundant low-coordinate Co atoms of Co-NFs/CP could enhances the adsorption of *NO3 intermediates compared to crystalline Co. Additionally, the amorphous Co structure lowers the energy barrier for the rate-determining step (*NH2→*NH3). This work opens a new avenue for the controllable synthesis of amorphous/low crystallinity metal nano-catalysts for various electrocatalysis reaction applications.
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Zhu M, Wang B, Zhang X, Zhou K, Miao Z, Sun J. [Assessment of baseline CCL19 + dendritic cell infiltration for predicting responses to immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma patients]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:1529-1536. [PMID: 39276048 PMCID: PMC11378044 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.08.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation of baseline CCL19+ dendritic cell (CCL19+ DC) infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment with immunotherapy efficacy and CD8+ T cell infiltration. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with lung adenocarcinoma hospitalized at First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January, 2020 to December, 2023, and collected tissue samples from 96 patients undergoing immunotherapy for assessing CCL19+ DC and CD8+ T cell infiltration using immunofluorescence assay. We evaluated the predictive value of baseline CCL19+ DCs for patient responses to immunotherapy using receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves and analyzed the correlations of baseline CCL19+ DC expression with immunotherapy efficacy and CD8+ T cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltrations. In co-culture systems of lung adenocarcinoma PC9 cells, CD8+ T cells and DCs (overexpressing CCL19 with or without anti PD-1 antibody treatment), the expressions of granzyme B, perforin, IFN-γ, and Ki-67 in T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS The patients with partial or complete remission following immunotherapy had a significantly higher baseline CCL19+ DC infiltration level in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than those with poor responses. CCL19+ DC infiltration had an area under ROC curve of 0.785, a sensitivity of 75.6%, and a specificity of 62.8% for predicting immunotherapy efficacy. The expression of CD8+ T cell surface molecules Granzyme B (P<0.01), Perforin (P<0.01), IFN-γ (P<0.01) and Ki-67 (P<0.001) in patients with high expression of CCL19+ DC were higher than those in patients with low expression of CCL19+ DC. The baseline CCL19+ DC infiltration level was positively correlated with immunotherapy efficacy (P=0.003), CTL infiltration of (r=0.6657, P<0.001) and CD8+ T cell infiltration (P=0.007). In the co-cultured cells, CCL19 overexpression combined with anti-PD1 treatment of the DCs more strongly enhanced cytotoxicity and proliferation of CD8+ T lymphocytes than either of the single treatments (P<0.01 or 0.001). CONCLUSION The baseline CCL19+ DC infiltration level in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment is positively correlated with immunotherapy efficacy and CTL infiltration and can thus predict the response to immunotherapy.
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Cao D, Wang X, Qian K, Yang N, Xu K, Xu G, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Cui Z. Long-term outcomes of fistula-tract laser closure for complex perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease. Tech Coloproctol 2024; 28:89. [PMID: 39085710 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-024-02949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fistula-tract laser closure (FiLaC™) has shown promising outcomes in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (pfCD). However, most studies assessed a mixed cohort encompassing pfCD and cryptoglandular fistulas during a short follow-up period. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term treatment outcomes of FiLaC™ in patients with complex pfCD. METHODS Data from patients with complex pfCD who underwent FiLaC™ during deep remission of Crohn's disease between January 2019 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient demographics, surgery history, and medication strategy were registered before surgery. Follow-ups were scheduled at 1, 2, and 3 months after FiLaC™, and at 2-month intervals thereafter. The primary endpoint was clinic healing, while clinic remission/unhealed/recurrence were classified as unhealed. Additionally, adverse events and Wexner fecal incontinence score were documented. RESULTS Forty-nine patients (40 men and 9 women) with a median age of 26.0 (19.0-35.5) years were included with a median follow-up of 50.0 (39.5-54.0) months. Of these, 31 (63.3%) patients achieved fistula healing, 3 (6.1%) experienced improvement, 3 (6.1%) remained unhealed, and 12 (24.5%) experienced recurrence. Montreal A category was lower in the healed group (P < 0.001). No major complications, such as bleeding or fecal or urinary incontinence, were observed, and pain was transient. The Wexner incontinence score decreased significantly at the last available follow-up, indicating an intact postoperative continence function (P = 0.014). PCDAI scores were significantly higher in the unhealed group (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION FiLaC™ is an efficient and safe sphincter-saving procedure for patients with complex pfCD.
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Xie M, Zhu Y, Zhao K, Zhao L, Gong Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhu M, Ran W, Cai M, Du S. R-Napropamide Potentially Regulates Cadmium Accumulation in Arabidopsis Shoots through Transport Channel Modulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38842427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in soils poses a significant environmental threat to human health. This study examines the effects of the chiral herbicide napropamide (NAP) on Arabidopsis thaliana, focusing on growth metrics and cadmium (Cd) accumulation. R-NAP does not adversely affect plant growth compared to the control, whereas S-NAP significantly reduces root length and fresh weight. Notably, R-NAP markedly increases Cd accumulation in the shoots, exceeding levels observed in the control and S-NAP. This increase coincides with reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Noninvasive electrode techniques reveal a higher net Cd absorption flux in the root mature zone under R-NAP than S-NAP, although similar to the control. Transcriptomic analysis highlights significant stereoisomer differences in Cd transporters, predominantly under R-NAP treatment. SEM and molecular docking simulations support that R-NAP primarily upregulates transporters such as HMA4. The results suggest careful management of herbicides like R-NAP in contaminated fields to avoid excessive heavy metal buildup in crops.
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Xiao Y, Liu J, Ren P, Zhou X, Zhang S, Li Z, Gong J, Li R, Zhu M. Identification of potential candidate genes for the Huoyan trait in developing Wulong goose embryos by transcriptomic analysis. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:273-286. [PMID: 38727584 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2328686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
1. The Wulong goose is a Chinese breed and a source of high-quality meat and eggs. A characteristic of the Wulong goose is that a proportion of the birds do not have eyelids, known as the Huoyon trait.2. Wulong geese exhibiting the Huoyan trait at embryonic stages of 9 days (E9), 12 days (E12) and 14 days (E14) were selected alongside those with normal eyelids for comprehensive transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) and functional enrichment analyses were performed and finally, eight DEG were chosen to verify the accuracy of qPCR sequencing.3. Overall, 466, 962 and 550 DEG were obtained from the three control groups, D9 vs. N9, D12 vs. N12 and D14 vs. N14, respectively, by differential analysis (p < 0.05). CDKN1C, CRH, CROCC and TYSND1 were significantly expressed in the three groups. Enrichment analysis revealed the enrichment of CROCC and TYSND1 in pathways of cell cycle process, endocytosis, microtubule-based process, microtubule organising centre organisation, protein processing and protein maturation. CDKN1C and CRH were enriched in the cell cycle and cAMP signalling pathway.4. Some collagen family genes were detected among the DEGs, including COL3A1, COL4A5, COL4A2 and COL4A1. FREM1 and FREM2 genes were detected in both Huoyan and normal eyelids. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in FREM1 expression between ED9 and ED14 in female embryos, but this difference was not observed in male embryos.
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Jiang M, Wang H, Zhu M, Luo X, He Y, Wang M, Wu C, Zhang L, Li X, Liao X, Jiang Z, Jin Z. Review on strategies for improving the added value and expanding the scope of CO 2 electroreduction products. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5149-5189. [PMID: 38566609 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00857f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 into value-added chemicals has been explored as a promising solution to realize carbon neutrality and inhibit global warming. This involves utilizing the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce a variety of single-carbon (C1) and multi-carbon (C2+) products. Additionally, the electrolyte solution in the CO2RR system can be enriched with nitrogen sources (such as NO3-, NO2-, N2, or NO) to enable the synthesis of organonitrogen compounds via C-N coupling reactions. However, the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals still faces challenges in terms of low product yield, poor faradaic efficiency (FE), and unclear understanding of the reaction mechanism. This review summarizes the promising strategies aimed at achieving selective production of diverse carbon-containing products, including CO, formate, hydrocarbons, alcohols, and organonitrogen compounds. These approaches involve the rational design of electrocatalysts and the construction of coupled electrocatalytic reaction systems. Moreover, this review presents the underlying reaction mechanisms, identifies the existing challenges, and highlights the prospects of the electrosynthesis processes. The aim is to offer valuable insights and guidance for future research on the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into carbon-containing products of enhanced value-added potential.
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Cheng Y, Zhu M, Chi M, Lai Y, Li B, Qian R, Chen Z, Zhao G. MXene/TPU Hybrid Fabrics Enable Smart Wound Management and Thermoresponsive Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38597358 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive wound dressings with real-time monitoring and on-demand drug delivery have gained significant attention recently. However, such smart systems with stable temperature adjustment and drug release control are still lacking. Here, a novel smart fabric is designed for wound management with thermoresponsive drug delivery and simultaneously temperature monitoring. The triple layers of the fabrics are composed of the drug-loaded thermoresponsive nanofiber film, the MXene-optimized joule heating film, and the FPCB control chip. The precise and stable temperature stimulation can be easily achieved by applying a low voltage (0-4 V) to the heating film, achieving the temperature control ranging from 25 to 130 °C. And the temperature of the wound region can be monitored and adjusted in real time, demonstrating an accurate and low-voltage joule heating capability. Based on that, the drug-loaded film achieved precise thermoresponsive drug release and obtained significant antibacterial effects in vitro. The in vivo experiments also proved the hybrid fabric system with a notable antibacterial effect and accelerated wound healing process (about 30% faster than the conventional gauze group).
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Xu L, Huang C, Zheng X, Gao H, Zhang S, Zhu M, Dai X, Wang G, Wang J, Chen H, Zhu H, Chen Z. Elevated CD169 expressing monocyte/macrophage promotes systemic inflammation and disease progression in cirrhosis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:45. [PMID: 38413535 PMCID: PMC10899294 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is related to disease progression and prognosis in patients with advanced cirrhosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of inflammation are still not fully understood. The role of CD169+ monocyte/macrophage in cirrhotic systemic inflammation was undetected. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the percentage and phenotypes of CD169+ monocytes as well as their proinflammatory function in patient-derived cirrhotic tissue and blood. Transcriptome differences between CD169+ and CD169- monocytes were also compared. Additionally, a mouse model with specific depletion of CD169+ monocytes/macrophages was utilized to define their role in liver injury and fibrosis. We observed increased CD169 expression in monocytes from cirrhotic patients, which was correlated with inflammatory cytokine production and disease progression. CD169+ monocytes simultaneously highly expressed M1- and M2-like markers and presented immune-activated profiles. We also proved that CD169+ monocytes robustly prevented neutrophil apoptosis. Depletion of CD169+ monocytes/macrophages significantly inhibited inflammation and liver necrosis in acute liver injury, but the spontaneous fibrin resolution after repeated liver injury was impaired. Our results indicate that CD169 defines a subset of inflammation-associated monocyte that correlates with disease development in patients with cirrhosis. This provides a possible therapeutic target for alleviating inflammation and improving survival in cirrhosis.
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Huang J, Liu Y, Xiao R, Yu T, Guo T, Wang H, Lv X, Li X, Zhu M, Li F. Exogenous melatonin alleviates nicosulfuron toxicity by regulating the growth, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidative defense of sweet corn seedlings. PHOTOSYNTHETICA 2024; 62:58-70. [PMID: 39650638 PMCID: PMC11609774 DOI: 10.32615/ps.2024.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/11/2024]
Abstract
Improper use of nicosulfuron (NSF) may induce harmful effects on plants during weed control. Melatonin (MT) regulates photosynthetic and physiological processes in plants. This study aimed to explore the effects of MT on alleviating NSF toxicity by measuring the growth parameters, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidative responses in sweet corn seedlings. Compared to NSF alone, exogenous MT increased chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry, while reduced malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical, and proline contents. Moreover, MT also increased the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and the expression levels of ZmAPX1, ZmAPX2, ZmALS1, and ZmCYP81A9. The inhibition of p-chlorophenylalanine inhibited the positive effects of MT on photosynthetic and physiological indexes. The results indicated that pretreatment with MT might effectively mitigate NSF toxicity in sweet corn seedlings.
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Jiang B, Wan JY, Tian YY, Xu R, Ma JL, Li J, Yu YX, Hu LK, Hu CH, Zhu M. [Arterial spin labeling in assessment of interstitial fibrosis in renal allografts]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2024; 104:276-281. [PMID: 38246772 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230726-00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the feasibility and application value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) in evaluating the degree of renal fibrosis after kidney transplantation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Renal transplant recipients who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from December 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled. All participants underwent ASL scan, and the values of renal cortical renal blood flow (RBF) were measured through post-processing software. The participants were divided into different groups according to the Banff interstitial fibrosis score (ci score) of the transplanted kidneys, and then relevant indicators were compared. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to compare the differences in renal cortical RBF among the groups. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to investigate the association between renal cortical RBF and ci score of the transplanted kidney. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the diagnostic effectiveness of renal cortical RBF and laboratory indicators for distinguishing varying degrees of fibrosis in transplanted kidneys. The Delong test was utilized to compare the area under the curve (AUC). Results: A total of 60 patients (42 males and 18 females) were included in the study, with a mean age of (44.6±10.8) years. All patients were divided into 4 groups: ci0 group (ci score=0, 11 cases), ci1 group (ci score=1, 21 cases), ci2 group (ci score=2, 20 cases), and ci3 group (ci score=3, 8 cases). With an increase in the degree of fibrosis in the transplanted kidney, there was a corresponding decrease in the renal cortical RBF value. The differences in renal cortical RBF values among the 4 groups were statistically significant[ci0 group: (214.9±28.5) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; ci1 group: (181.7±29.3) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; ci2 group: (158.8±39.2) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; ci3 group: (123.1±27.2) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; F=14.02, P<0.001]. The renal cortical RBF was moderately negatively correlated with the ci score (r=-0.644, P<0.001). The AUC for discriminating between ci0 and ci1-3 of renal cortical RBF and 24-hour urine protein was 0.881 (95%CI: 0.772-0.950) and 0.680 (95%CI: 0.547-0.795), respectively. The AUC for renal cortical RBF was significantly higher than that for 24-hour urine protein (P=0.047). The renal cortical RBF can distinguish between ci0-1 and ci2-3, as well as ci0-2 and ci3, with the corresponding AUC value of 0.796 (95%CI: 0.673-0.889) and 0.900 (95%CI: 0.795-0.963), respectively. Conclusion: ASL can quantitatively assess renal blood perfusion in transplanted kidneys and demonstrates high operational efficacy in distinguishing varying degrees of fibrosis in the transplanted kidneys.
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Liu H, Li W, Zhu M, Wen X, Jin J, Wang H, Lv D, Zhao S, Wu X, Jiao J. Myokines and Biomarkers of Frailty in Older Inpatients with Undernutrition: A Prospective Study. J Frailty Aging 2024; 13:82-90. [PMID: 38616363 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2024.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population aging might increase the prevalence of undernutrition in older people, which increases the risk of frailty. Numerous studies have indicated that myokines are released by skeletal myocytes in response to muscular contractions and might be associated with frailty. This study aimed to evaluate whether myokines are biomarkers of frailty in older inpatients with undernutrition. METHODS The frailty biomarkers were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus and Genecards datasets. Relevant myokines and health-related variables were assessed in 55 inpatients aged ≥ 65 years from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital prospective longitudinal frailty study. Serum was prepared for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the appropriate kits. Correlations between biomarkers and frailty status were calculated by Spearman's correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression was performed to investigate the association between factors and frailty scores. RESULTS The prevalence of frailty was 13.21%. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that leptin, adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), irisin, decorin, and myostatin were potential biomarkers of frailty. The frailty group had significantly higher concentrations of leptin, AMPK, and MSTN than the robust group (p < 0.05). AMPK was significantly positively correlated with frailty (p < 0.05). The pre-frailty and frailty groups had significantly lower concentrations of irisin than the robust group (p < 0.05), whereas the DCN concentration did not differ among the groups. Multiple linear regression suggested that the 15 factors influencing the coefficients of association, the top 50% were the ADL score, MNA-SF score, serum albumin concentration, urination function, hearing function, leptin concentration, GDS-15 score, and MSTN concentration. CONCLUSIONS Proinflammatory myokines, particularly leptin, myostatin, and AMPK, negatively affect muscle mass and strength in older adults. ADL and nutritional status play major roles in the development of frailty. Our results confirm that identification of frailty relies upon clinical variables, myokine concentrations, and functional parameters, which might enable the identification and monitoring of frailty.
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Yang S, Wang H, Xiong Y, Zhu M, Sun J, Jiang M, Zhang P, Wei J, Xing Y, Tie Z, Jin Z. Ultrafast Thermal Shock Synthesis and Porosity Engineering of 3D Hierarchical Cu-Bi Nanofoam Electrodes for Highly Selective Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10140-10147. [PMID: 37930176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Massive production of practical metal or alloy based electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction is usually limited by energy-extensive consumption, poor reproducibility, and weak adhesion on electrode substrates. Herein, we report the ultrafast thermal shock synthesis and porosity engineering of free-standing Cu-Bi bimetallic nanofoam electrocatalysts with 3D hierarchical porous structure and easily adjustable compositions. During the thermal shock process, the rapid heating and cooling steps in several seconds result in strong interaction between metal nanopowders to form multiphase nanocrystallines with abundant grain boundaries and metastable CuBi intermetallic phase. The subsequent porosity engineering process via acid etching and electroreduction creates highly porous Cu-Bi structures that can increase electrochemically active surface area and facilitate mass/charge transfer. Among the Cu-Bi nanofoam electrodes with different Cu/Bi ratios, the Cu4Bi nanofoam exhibited the highest formate selectivity with a Faradaic efficiency of 92.4% at -0.9 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) and demonstrated excellent operation stability.
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Wu W, Wu W, Gong CX, Liang Y, Zhu M, Xiong H, Fu JF. [Summary of the 22 nd National Pediatric Endocrine and Genetic Metabolic Diseases Conference]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2023; 61:958-959. [PMID: 37803871 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20230804-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
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Xia CM, Zhu M, Zhu LF, Ji PZ, Wu PF, Yang YL, Liu B, Ma YC. [Research progress in the regulation of tumor cell PD-L1 expression by N6-methyladenosine modification]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 52:976-980. [PMID: 37670637 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20221201-01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
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Feng Y, Wang Y, Sun L, Zhang K, Liang J, Zhu M, Tie Z, Jin Z. Fluorinated Interface Engineering toward Controllable Zinc Deposition and Rapid Cation Migration of Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302650. [PMID: 37264736 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metallic zinc (Zn) is a highly promising anode material for aqueous energy storage systems due to its low redox potential, high theoretical capacity, and low cost. However, rampant dendrites/by-products and torpid Zn2+ transfer kinetics at electrode/electrolyte interface severely threaten the cycling stability, which deteriorate the electrochemical performance of Zn-ion batteries. Herein, an interfacial engineering strategy to construct alkaline earth fluoride modified metal Zn electrodes with long lifespan and high capacity retention is reported. The compact fluoride layer is revealed to guide uniform Zn stripping/plating and accelerate the transfer/diffusion of Zn2+ via Maxwell-Wagner polarization. A series of in situ and ex situ spectroscopic studies verified that the fluoride layer can guide uniform Zn stripping/plating. Electrochemical kinetics analyses reveal that positive effect on the removal of Zn2+ solvation sheath provided by fluoride layer. Meanwhile, this fluoride coating layer can act as a barrier between the Zn electrode and electrolyte, providing a high electrode overpotential toward hydrogen evolution reaction to hold back H2 evolution. Consequently, the fluoride-modified Zn anode exhibited a capacity retention of 88.2% after 4000 cycles under10 A g-1 . This work opens up a new path to interface engineering for propelling the exploration of advanced rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
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Wang XD, Zhu M. [Sequential treatment of oral and maxillofacial deformities with hemifacial microsomia]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2023; 58:781-790. [PMID: 37550038 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20230420-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of the first and second branchial arch syndrome namely hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is the second only to cleft lip and palate, and it is a very common craniofacial developmental deformity. This congenital condition affects the development of the orbit, ear, and mandible, and the clinical manifestations of each patient are significantly heterogeneous. Clinical treatment needs to formulate corresponding treatment measures according to different degrees of tissue deformity at different ages. This article puts forward personal suggestions for the sequential treatment of oral and maxillofacial deformities of HFM from the perspective of patient age and classification.
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Zhu M, Li J, Zheng WH, Wu MJ. [Clinicopathological features of thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 52:820-826. [PMID: 37527987 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20230111-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and gene alterations of thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (TL-LGNPPA). Methods: Fifteen case of TL-LGNPPA diagnosed at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (5 cases) and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (10 cases) from November 2011 to August 2020 were collected. Clinical and pathological examinations, immunohistochemical staining and next-generation sequencing were performed. The clinicopathological and molecular characteristics were summarized, and relevant literature was reviewed. Results: Fifteen patients were identified and included. Their median age was 36 years (range, 20-60 years). The male-female ratio was 1.0∶1.1. The most common symptoms were epistaxis and nasal obstruction. The neoplasms were located on the roof of the nasopharynx or the posterior margin of the nasal septum. The pathological features included complex papillary and glandular structures mainly composed of single or pseudostratified cubic and columnar cells, with mild to moderate cytological atypia. In some cases, spindle cell features, nuclear grooves, ground glass nuclei, squamous metaplasia, or scattered psammoma bodies were identified. In addition, nuclear polar reversal cells, hobnail cells and micropapillary structures were found, but have not been reported in previous literature. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for TTF1, CK7, vimentin and CKpan; focally positive for p40, CK5/6 and p16; and negative for Tg, NapsinA, CK20, CDX2, S-100 and PAX8. The Ki-67 positive rates ranged from 1% to 20% and were≤10% in thirteen cases (13/15). EBER in situ hybridization was negative in all cases. DNA sequencing of 6 specimens was performed and all specimens were found harboring gene mutations (EWSR1, SMAD2, ROS1, JAK3, GRIN2A, ERRCC5, STAT3, and TET2), but no hot spot gene alterations were found. No MSI-H and MMR related gene changes were detected. All tumors showed low tumor mutation burden. All 15 patients underwent endoscopic surgery, and only 1 of them underwent radiotherapy postoperatively. All patients were recurrence free and alive at the end of follow-up periods (range: 23 to 129 months). Conclusions: TL-LGNPPA is a rare indolent tumor of the nasopharynx and exhibits a unique morphology and immunophenotype. Endoscopic resection is an effective treatment for TL-LGNPPA with excellent overall prognosis.
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Zhang J, Ma ZM, Wang H, Fu YT, Ji C, Zhu M, Shen HB, Ma HX. [Association between chronic lung diseases and the risk of lung cancer in UK Biobank: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 2023; 57:1147-1152. [PMID: 37574304 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20221115-01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between chronic lung diseases and the risk of lung cancer. Methods: Using UK Biobank (UKB) survey data, 472 397 participants who had not previously been diagnosed with cancer and whose self-reported sex was consistent with their genetic sex were studied. Information on the prevalence of previous chronic lung diseases, general demographic characteristics and the prevalence of lung cancer was collected using baseline questionnaires and national health system data. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the association between four previous chronic lung diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial pulmonary disease) and the risk of lung cancer. A total of 458 526 participants with genotype data in the observational study were selected as research objects, and the closely related and independent genetic loci with four chronic lung diseases were selected as instrumental variables, and the association between four chronic lung diseases and the risk of lung cancer was analyzed by Mendelian randomization (MR). The dose-response relationship between genetic risk score and the risk of lung cancer in different chronic lung diseases was evaluated using a restricted cubic spline function. Results: The age [M (Q1, Q3)] of the subjects was 57 (50, 63) years old, and there were 3 516 new cases of lung cancer (0.74%) during follow-up. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that previous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were associated with the risk of lung cancer, about 1.61 (1.49-1.75) and 2.61 (1.24-5.49), respectively. MR Studies showed that genetically predicted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were associated with the risk of lung cancer, with HR (95%CI) of 1.10 (1.03-1.19) and 1.04 (1.01-1.08), respectively. The results of restricted cubic spline function analysis showed that the risk of lung cancer increased linearly with the increase of genetic risk scores for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (P<0.05). Neither observational studies nor Mendelian randomization analysis found an association between previous asthma or interstitial lung disease and the risk of lung cancer (both P values>0.05). Conclusion: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are potential risk factors for lung cancer.
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