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Anifowose OI, Takeet MI, Talabi AO, Otesile EB. Molecular detection of Ehrlichia ruminantium in engorged ablyomma variegatum and cattle in Ogun State, Nigeria. J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:403-410. [PMID: 32508415 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Ehrlichia ruminantium in cattle is a recipe for effective control of heartwater in ruminants. Hence, we assessed the presence of E. ruminantium in the blood of cattle and the engorged Amblyomma variegatum by nested PCR. The electrophoresed PCR products obtained after primary and secondary amplifications revealed amplicon sizes of about350 bp and 280 bp respectively, which corresponded with the partial region of pSC20 gene amplified. Sequences obtained had 95-99% homology with those sequences available in GenBank. The prevalence of the E. ruminantium in ticks (50%; 126/252) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in cattle blood 23.55% (61/259). The prevalence was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in ticks from adult cattle 51.47% (133/259) than those from the young cattle 44.86% (116/259) and in tick from females 54.55% (141/259) than in ticks from the males 41.38% (107/259). Alignment of autochthonous sequences revealed that the three sequences were polymorphic with two sequences showing similar nucleotides deletion at points 87-91 and 107-108. The phylogenetic trees inferred by ML showed topologies with two autochthonous sequences, one each from cattle blood and tick, clustering together in one clade and the other clustering within those sequences from South Africa and Zimbabwe in another clade. In conclusion, this study revealed a higher prevalence of E. ruminantium in engorged A. variegatum than in the blood of infected cattle. Hence, it is suggested that the amplification that targets the pCS20 gene in engorged ticks may be more suitable to determine the E. ruminantium carrier status of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaoluwa Isaac Anifowose
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Michael Irewole Takeet
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adewale Oladele Talabi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer Babatunde Otesile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Akinkuotu OA, Takeet MI, Otesile EB, Olufemi F, Greenwood SJ, McClure JT. Multi-locus genotyping and phylogenetic analyses of Giardia intestinalis isolates from indigenous goats in Ogun State, Nigeria. Acta Trop 2019; 195:15-22. [PMID: 30980802 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Giardiasis is a common gastrointestinal disease of humans and various animal species worldwide. In this study, 302 stool samples were collected from West African Dwarf and Sokoto Red breeds of goats in Ogun State, Nigeria, and screened for Giardia intestinalis coproantigens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The genotypes of G. intestinalis in faecal samples collected from 152 goats raised on selected farms were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequence analyses of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) and β-giardin (bg) genes. Based on ELISA, an overall prevalence of 45.7% was recorded with the infection rates in pre-weaned (60.2%) and post-weaned goat kids (51.5%) being significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in adults (28.2%). Giardia intestinalis DNA was amplified in 31.6% and 29.6% of goat faeces at the ssu rRNA and gdh loci respectively. These were genotyped at the ssu rRNA locus as assemblages B (n = 13) and E (n = 36). Similar results were observed at the gdh locus except that eight isolates contained assemblage E mixed with either assemblage A or B. Additionally, sub-assemblages BI (n = 7) and BIII (n = 2) were identified with up to four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) occurring in these isolates. Multilocus genotypes (MLG) of all assemblage E isolates were identified using the ssu rRNA and gdh loci while MLG of all isolates containing assemblage B and mixed assemblages were determined after further typing at the tpi and bg loci. Forty-two MLG isolates were identified and these comprised 32, 8 and 2 (sub)-assemblage E, BI and BIII respectively. All isolates with mixed assemblages at the gdh locus were consequently designated as assemblage E by MLG. The assemblage E isolates from goats were genetically related to isolates from cattle, sheep and goats while the assemblage B isolates were related to isolates of human, pig and lemur origin. This suggests that G. intestinalis isolated from goats bred in Ogun State, Nigeria may be capable of cross-species transmission and may be of zoonotic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi Ambrose Akinkuotu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Michael Irewole Takeet
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Ebenezer Babatunde Otesile
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Frederick Olufemi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Spencer J Greenwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Akinkuotu OA, Takeet MI, Otesile EB, Olufemi F, Greenwood SJ, McClure JT. Prevalence and multilocus genotypes of Giardia duodenalis infecting pigs in Ogun state, Nigeria. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 70:53-60. [PMID: 30798034 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is an intestinal flagellated protozoan parasite that is infectious to humans and a wide range of animals worldwide. While varying prevalence rates have been reported in pigs worldwide, there are currently no published reports on the genotypes of Giardia infecting pigs in any African country. The present study is on the prevalence and genotypes of G. duodenalis in 209 pigs raised on four farms in Ogun State Nigeria. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, Giardia duodenalis coproantigens were detected on all farms and in 25.4% (53/209) of pigs sampled. However, there was no significant influence (p > 0.05) of age, sex and stool consistencies of the pigs on the distribution of the infection. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in all ELISA-positive samples, achieved by the amplification of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) and beta giardin (bg) genes, identified 14 and 37 assemblage B and E isolates respectively while mixed infection by both assemblages was recorded in two isolates. Novel nucleotide substitutions were identified in four assemblage B isolates at the ssu rRNA locus. Genetic diversity was observed among the assemblage B isolates after multiple alignment analyses of the gdh, tpi and bg sequences whereby sub-assemblages BII (n = 2), BIII (n = 9) and BIV (n = 3) were identified. The assemblage B isolates from pigs in this study were phylogenetically related to isolates from humans, marmoset and cattle while the assemblage E isolates were related to isolates from sheep, goats and cattle. These findings suggest that pigs in southwest Nigeria predominantly harbour G. duodenalis isolates that could be infectious to other animal species and to a lesser extent, isolates that may be of zoonotic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi Ambrose Akinkuotu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Michael Irewole Takeet
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer Babatunde Otesile
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria
| | - Frederick Olufemi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria
| | - Spencer J Greenwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Daramola OO, Takeet MI, Oyewusi IK, Oyekunle MA, Talabi AO. Detection and molecular characterisation of Ehrlichia canis in naturally infected dogs in South West Nigeria. Acta Vet Hung 2018; 66:85-95. [PMID: 29580089 DOI: 10.1556/004.2018.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Canine ehrlichiosis is an important tick-borne rickettsial disease mainly caused by Ehrlichia canis. This study aimed to detect and characterise E. canis in dogs in Abeokuta, Nigeria by microscopy and nested PCR. Blood samples were collected from 205 dogs, thin smears were made, field-stained, and DNA was extracted from the blood samples. A partial region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced unidirectionally. Ehrlichial morulae were detected in three dogs (1.5%). The PCR test revealed that 47 dogs (22.9%) were positive for E. canis. The lengths of the sequences obtained range from 374 bp to 376 bp with an average G-C content of 37% and 98-99% homology with the reference sequences in GenBank. The aligned autochthonous sequences were less polymorphic. The phylogenetic analysis separated sequences reported previously in Nigeria from the autochthonous sequences. The present work shows that the strain of E. canis detected in the study area is genetically different from those reported in the northern part of Nigeria and more closely related to sequences from Brazil and India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode Olugbenga Daramola
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Michael Irewole Takeet
- 2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ibironke Kofoworola Oyewusi
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Mufutau Atanda Oyekunle
- 2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adewale Oladele Talabi
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Adenaike AS, Mabunmi AO, Takeet MI, Adenaike OD, Ikeobi CON. Genetic differences in the body weight and haematological traits of Nigerian indigenous chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1443-7. [PMID: 27465695 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to shed more light on the tolerance of indigenous chickens to coccidiosis, we compared the body weight, faecal oocyst load and haematological parameters based on sex and genotypes of Eimeria tenella-infected chickens. Three hundred chicks from three genotypes (normal-feathered, frizzle-feathered and naked-neck) of Nigerian indigenous chickens which comprised 100 birds per genotype were raised for 6 weeks. At 3 weeks old, each chick was weighed and faecal, and blood samples were collected before inoculation. Subsequently, the birds were weighed and faecal samples collected at days 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 post-inoculation. Blood samples were collected from 50 chicks per genotype at 3 and 5 weeks post-inoculation. Blood parameters were determined and faecal samples subjected to McMaster egg counting technique. Results showed genotype, and sex had significant effects on body weight from day 1 to 15 post-inoculation. Normal-feathered chicks had the highest body weight while frizzle-feathered chicks showed lowest body weight at post-inoculation. E. tenella was identified in caecal and lower intestinal mucosa of the genotypes, but genotype had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the lesion score. There were no significant differences in haematological values among genotypes (p > 0.05) except for lymphocytes where naked-neck chicks had the highest lymphocytes' count (1.83 ± 0.02 %), followed by normal-feathered (1.79 ± 0.02 %) and the frizzle-feathered (1.68 ± 0.02 %). The present values of body weight, faecal oocyst and haematological parameters obtained seemed not to be convincing enough to suggest that the genotypes were different in terms of tolerance to coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Adenaike
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - A O Mabunmi
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - M I Takeet
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal university of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - O D Adenaike
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - C O N Ikeobi
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Sonibare AO, Famuyide IM, Takeet MI, Oyewusi IK, Egbetade AO, Abapka SAV, Adediran OA, Solanke AO. Diminazene-resistant Trypanosoma vivax in West African Dwarf lamb, south-west, Nigeria: A case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4314/njpar.v37i1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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