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Okor I, Bob-Manuel T, Price J, Sleem A, Amoran O, Kelly J, Ekerete MF, Bamgbose MO, Bolaji OA, Krim SR. COVID-19 Myocarditis: An Emerging Clinical Conundrum. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:101268. [PMID: 35644500 PMCID: PMC9135640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a significant cause of global mortality and morbidity since it was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. COVID19 like previous coronaviruses primarily affects the lungs causing pneumonia, interstitial pneumonitis, and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, there is increasing evidence linking COVID-19 to cardiovascular complications such as arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, fulminant myocarditis, and cardiac death. Given the novelty of this virus, there is paucity of data on some cardiovascular complications of COVID-19, specifically myocarditis. Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle with a heterogenous clinical presentation and progression. It is mostly caused by viral infections and is the result of interaction of the virus and the host's immune system. There have been several case reports linking COVID-19 with myocarditis, however the true mechanism of cardiac injury remains under investigation. In this paper we review the clinical presentation, proposed pathophysiology, differential diagnoses and management of myocarditis in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Okor
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Justin Price
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amber Sleem
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Olayiwola Amoran
- Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jayna Kelly
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Olayiwola A Bolaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Capital Regional Medical Centre, Lake Arbor, MD, USA
| | - Selim R Krim
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Center, New Orleans, LA, USA; The University of Queensland Ochsner Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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