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Peterson BL, Arnall M, Avedschmidt S, Beers D, Bell M, Burton S, Case M, Catellier M, Cina S, Cohle S, Collins K, Covach A, Downs J, Ely E, Ely S, Fajardo M, Fierro M, Fowler D, Frost R, Fudenberg J, Fusaro A, Gill J, Gilson T, Glenn C, Goldfogel G, Graham S, John Greenwell P, Ann Grossberg L, Gulledge C, Handler M, Hansma P, Harshbarger K, Hawes A, Hellman F, Heninger M, Hlavaty L, Hoyer P, Johnson D, Jorden M, Kelley D, Kesha K, Kohr R, Krywanczyk A, Lehman L, Lochmuller C, Luzi S, Mathew A, McDonough E, Mileusnic D, Miller E, Milroy C, Morrow P, Oliver W, Orvik A, Pandey M, Parsons T, Pfalzgraf R, Philip A, Poulos C, Prahlow J, Pustilnik S, Radisch D, Rao V, Raven K, Resk T, Ross K, Rudd T, Schmidt C, Schmunk G, Ann Sens M, Shelly M, Snell K, Sperry K, Stables S, Stahl-Herz J, Steckbauer M, Super M, Tarau M, Thogmartin J, Tormos L, Tse R, Utley S, Vega R, Williams K, Wolf B, Wright R. Commentary on: Dror IE, Melinek J, Arden JL, Kukucka J, Hawkins S, Carter J, et al. Cognitive bias in forensic pathology decisions. J Forensic Sci. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14697. Epub 2021 Feb 20. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:2541-2544. [PMID: 34498736 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dean Beers
- Associates in Forensic Investigations, LLC, Larimer, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Mary Case
- St. Louis County Medical Examiner's Office, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Stephen Cina
- Cina and Cina Forensic Consulting, PC, Loveland, CO, USA
| | - Stephen Cohle
- Kent County Medical Examiner Office, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Adam Covach
- Fond du Lac County Medical Examiner's Office, Fond du Lac, WI, USA
| | | | - Erin Ely
- St. Louis County Medical Examiner's Office, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan Ely
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Fajardo
- Riverside County Sheriff-Coroner's Office, Perris, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Fudenberg
- Clark County Office of the Coroner/Medical Examiner, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Aldo Fusaro
- Montana State Medical Examiner, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - James Gill
- Connecticut Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Gilson
- Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner's Office, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charles Glenn
- North Forensic Pathology Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gary Goldfogel
- Whatcom County Medical Examiner Office, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Handler
- Neuropathology & Forensic Pathology Consulting Inc, Overland Park, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Hawes
- Office of the Tennessee State Medical Examiner, Clinton, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Leigh Hlavaty
- Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Jorden
- Santa Clara County Medical Examiner's Office, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Kelley
- Milwaukee County Medical Examiner's Office, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kilak Kesha
- North Forensic Pathology Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roland Kohr
- Terre Haute Regional Hospital, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | | | - Lee Lehman
- Montgomery County Coroner's Office, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Scott Luzi
- Anatomic, Clinical, and Forensic Pathology Services, Escondido, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Mathew
- Office of the State Medical Examiner, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chris Milroy
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Paul Morrow
- North Forensic Pathology Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William Oliver
- Knox County Regional Forensic Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Andrea Orvik
- Montana Medical Examiner's Office, Billings, MT, USA
| | | | - Thomas Parsons
- Lubbock County Medical Examiner's Office, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Abraham Philip
- Cobb County Medical Examiner's Office, Marietta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joe Prahlow
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Valerie Rao
- District 12 Medical Examiner's Office, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Karen Ross
- Fort Bend County Medical Examiner's Office, Rosenberg, TX, USA
| | | | - Carl Schmidt
- Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Mary Ann Sens
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Mark Shelly
- Maricopa County Office of the Medical Examiner, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kenneth Snell
- Minnehaha County Coroner/Medical Examiner's Office, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Kris Sperry
- Forensic Pathology Consultant, Peachtree City, GA, USA
| | - Simon Stables
- North Forensic Pathology Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jay Stahl-Herz
- New York City Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Mark Super
- Super Forensic Pathology, El Dorado Hills, CA, USA
| | - Marius Tarau
- Jackson County Medical Examiner's Office, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Lee Tormos
- District 15 Medical Examiner's Office, Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Rexson Tse
- North Forensic Pathology Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne Utley
- District 12 Medical Examiner's Office, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Russell Vega
- District 12 Medical Examiner's Office, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | | | - Barbara Wolf
- Districts 5 & 24 Medical Examiner's Office, Leesburg, FL, USA
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Zamanian RT, Hedlin H, Greuenwald P, Wilson DM, Segal JI, Jorden M, Kudelko K, Liu J, Hsi A, Rupp A, Sweatt AJ, Tuder R, Berry GJ, Rabinovitch M, Doyle RL, de Jesus Perez V, Kawut SM. Features and Outcomes of Methamphetamine-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:788-800. [PMID: 28934596 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201705-0943oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Although amphetamines are recognized as "likely" agents to cause drug- and toxin-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), (meth)amphetamine-associated PAH (Meth-APAH) has not been well described. OBJECTIVES To prospectively characterize the clinical presentation, histopathology, and outcomes of Meth-APAH compared with those of idiopathic PAH (iPAH). METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study of patients with Meth-APAH and iPAH presenting to the Stanford University Pulmonary Hypertension Program between 2003 and 2015. Clinical, pulmonary angiography, histopathology, and outcomes data were compared. We used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project to estimate the epidemiology of PAH in (meth)amphetamine users hospitalized in California. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The study sample included 90 patients with Meth-APAH and 97 patients with iPAH. Patients with Meth-APAH were less likely to be female, but similar in age, body mass index, and 6-minute-walk distance to patients with iPAH. Patients with Meth-APAH reported more advanced heart failure symptoms, had significantly higher right atrial pressure (12.7 ± 6.8 vs. 9.8 ± 5.1 mm Hg; P = 0.001), and had lower stroke volume index (22.2 ± 7.1 vs. 25.5 ± 8.7 ml/m2; P = 0.01). Event-free survival in Meth-APAH was 64.2%, 47.2%, and 25% at 2.5, 5, and 10 years, respectively, representing more than double the risk of clinical worsening or death compared with iPAH (hazard ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-3.25; P = 0.003) independent of confounders. California data demonstrated a 2.6-fold increase in risk of PAH diagnosis in hospitalized (meth)amphetamine users. CONCLUSIONS Meth-APAH is a severe and progressive form of PAH with poor outcomes. Future studies should focus on mechanisms of disease and potential therapeutic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roham T Zamanian
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease at Stanford, and
| | - Haley Hedlin
- 3 Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Paul Greuenwald
- 4 Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Oakland, California
| | | | - Joshua I Segal
- 6 Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michelle Jorden
- 7 Santa Clara County Medical Examiner, Santa Clara, California
| | - Kristina Kudelko
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease at Stanford, and
| | - Juliana Liu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease at Stanford, and
| | - Andrew Hsi
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease at Stanford, and
| | - Allyson Rupp
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease at Stanford, and
| | - Andrew J Sweatt
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease at Stanford, and
| | - Rubin Tuder
- 8 Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Gerald J Berry
- 6 Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- 2 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease at Stanford, and.,9 Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ramona L Doyle
- 10 University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease at Stanford, and
| | - Steven M Kawut
- 11 Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Shyamsundar R, Kim YH, Higgins JP, Montgomery K, Jorden M, Sethuraman A, van de Rijn M, Botstein D, Brown PO, Pollack JR. A DNA microarray survey of gene expression in normal human tissues. Genome Biol 2005; 6:R22. [PMID: 15774023 PMCID: PMC1088941 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2005-6-3-r22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic survey of gene expression in 115 human tissue samples using cDNA microarrays provides a dataset that can be used as a baseline for comparison with expression in diseased tissue. Background Numerous studies have used DNA microarrays to survey gene expression in cancer and other disease states. Comparatively little is known about the genes expressed across the gamut of normal human tissues. Systematic studies of global gene-expression patterns, by linking variation in the expression of specific genes to phenotypic variation in the cells or tissues in which they are expressed, provide clues to the molecular organization of diverse cells and to the potential roles of the genes. Results Here we describe a systematic survey of gene expression in 115 human tissue samples representing 35 different tissue types, using cDNA microarrays representing approximately 26,000 different human genes. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of the gene-expression patterns in these tissues identified clusters of genes with related biological functions and grouped the tissue specimens in a pattern that reflected their anatomic locations, cellular compositions or physiologic functions. In unsupervised and supervised analyses, tissue-specific patterns of gene expression were readily discernable. By comparative hybridization to normal genomic DNA, we were also able to estimate transcript abundances for expressed genes. Conclusions Our dataset provides a baseline for comparison to diseased tissues, and will aid in the identification of tissue-specific functions. In addition, our analysis identifies potential molecular markers for detection of injury to specific organs and tissues, and provides a foundation for selection of potential targets for selective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Shyamsundar
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 3245A, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
| | - Young H Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 3245A, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
| | - John P Higgins
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 3245A, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
| | - Kelli Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 3245A, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
| | - Michelle Jorden
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 3245A, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
| | - Anand Sethuraman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matt van de Rijn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 3245A, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
| | - David Botstein
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 80544, USA
| | - Patrick O Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
| | - Jonathan R Pollack
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 3245A, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
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