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Hong X, Roh W, Sullivan RJ, Wong KHK, Wittner BS, Guo H, Dubash TD, Sade-Feldman M, Wesley B, Horwitz E, Boland GM, Marvin DL, Bonesteel T, Lu C, Aguet F, Burr R, Freeman SS, Parida L, Calhoun K, Jewett MK, Nieman LT, Hacohen N, Näär AM, Ting DT, Toner M, Stott SL, Getz G, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. The Lipogenic Regulator SREBP2 Induces Transferrin in Circulating Melanoma Cells and Suppresses Ferroptosis. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:678-695. [PMID: 33203734 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are shed by cancer into the bloodstream, where a viable subset overcomes oxidative stress to initiate metastasis. We show that single CTCs from patients with melanoma coordinately upregulate lipogenesis and iron homeostasis pathways. These are correlated with both intrinsic and acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors across clonal cultures of BRAF-mutant CTCs. The lipogenesis regulator SREBP2 directly induces transcription of the iron carrier Transferrin (TF), reducing intracellular iron pools, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation, thereby conferring resistance to inducers of ferroptosis. Knockdown of endogenous TF impairs tumor formation by melanoma CTCs, and their tumorigenic defects are partially rescued by the lipophilic antioxidants ferrostatin-1 and vitamin E. In a prospective melanoma cohort, presence of CTCs with high lipogenic and iron metabolic RNA signatures is correlated with adverse clinical outcome, irrespective of treatment regimen. Thus, SREBP2-driven iron homeostatic pathways contribute to cancer progression, drug resistance, and metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: Through single-cell analysis of primary and cultured melanoma CTCs, we have uncovered intrinsic cancer cell heterogeneity within lipogenic and iron homeostatic pathways that modulates resistance to BRAF inhibitors and to ferroptosis inducers. Activation of these pathways within CTCs is correlated with adverse clinical outcome, pointing to therapeutic opportunities.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Whijae Roh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith H K Wong
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongshan Guo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taronish D Dubash
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Wesley
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elad Horwitz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dieuwke L Marvin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Todd Bonesteel
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chenyue Lu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - François Aguet
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Risa Burr
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Laxmi Parida
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Calhoun
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle K Jewett
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Linda T Nieman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anders M Näär
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shannon L Stott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gad Getz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, New York
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Hong X, Roh W, Sullivan RJ, Wong KH, Wittner BS, Guo H, Dubash TD, Sade-Feldman M, Wesley BK, Boland GM, Marvin DL, Bonesteel T, Lu C, Horwitz E, Aguet F, Freeman SS, Calhoun K, Jewett MK, Nieman LT, Hacohen N, Näär AM, Ting DT, Toner M, Stott SL, Getz G, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. Abstract 6073: The lipogenic regulator SREBP induces Transferrin in circulating melanoma cells, suppressing their susceptibility to ferroptosis. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-6073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed by cancers into the bloodstream, where a viable subset overcomes oxidative stress to initiate metastatic outgrowth. Clonally derived cultured CTCs from patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma reveal upregulation of lipogenesis and iron homeostasis pathways, correlated with their baseline and acquired drug resistance. In CTCs, the lipogenesis regulator SREBP directly induces transcription of the iron carrier Transferrin (TF), thereby reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, and conferring resistance to BRAF inhibitors and inducers of ferroptosis. Knockdown of endogenous TF impairs tumorigenesis by melanoma CTCs; their associated soft agar clonogenic defect is rescued by the lipophilic anti-oxidants Ferrostatin-1 or Vitamin E, and by cholesterol. Single cell RNA-seq of patient-derived melanoma CTCs identifies a subset with high lipogenic, iron metabolic and proliferative signatures, correlated with adverse clinical outcome. Together, the coordinated regulation of these SREBP-driven pathways contributes to cancer progression, drug resistance and metastasis.
Citation Format: Xin Hong, Whijae Roh, Ryan J. Sullivan, Keith H. Wong, Ben S. Wittner, HongShan Guo, Taronish D. Dubash, Moshe Sade-Feldman, Ben K. Wesley, Genevieve M. Boland, Dieuwke L. Marvin, Todd Bonesteel, Chenyue Lu, Elad Horwitz, François Aguet, Samuel S. Freeman, Katherine Calhoun, Michelle K. Jewett, Linda T. Nieman, Nir Hacohen, Anders M. Näär, David T. Ting, Mehmet Toner, Shannon L. Stott, Gad Getz, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daniel A. Haber. The lipogenic regulator SREBP induces Transferrin in circulating melanoma cells, suppressing their susceptibility to ferroptosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6073.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hong
- 1MGH/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Whijae Roh
- 2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Charlestown, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chenyue Lu
- 1MGH/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | | | | | | | - Katherine Calhoun
- 3Center for Engineering in Medicine/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Michelle K. Jewett
- 3Center for Engineering in Medicine/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | | | - Nir Hacohen
- 1MGH/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | | | | | - Mehmet Toner
- 3Center for Engineering in Medicine/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | | | - Gad Getz
- 2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Charlestown, MA
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