Comprehensive image dataset for enhancing object detection in chemical experiments

The application of image recognition in chemical experiments has the potential to enhance experiment recording and risk management. However, the current scarcity of suitable benchmarking datasets restricts the applications of machine vision techniques in chemical experiments. This data article presents an image dataset featuring common chemical apparatuses and experimenter's hands. The images have been meticulously annotated, providing detailed information for precise object detection through deep learning methods. The images were captured from videos filmed in organic chemistry laboratories. This dataset comprises a total of 5078 images including diverse backgrounds and situations surrounding the objects. Detailed annotations are provided in accompanying text files. The dataset is organized into training, validation, and test subsets. Each subset is stored within independent folders for easy access and utilization.

Diagnosis and physiopathology of laryngeal deposits in autoimmune disease

We report the clinical features and pathology of a previously unreported form of vocal fold disease seen in 4 patients, 3 of whom were diagnosed as autoimmune disease. The characteristic features of these lesions were found as bilateral transverse lesions in the mid portion of the vocal folds. The patients had dysphonia and diplophonia. Stroboscopic examinations showed 180-degree phase shifts between the anterior and posterior portion of the vocal folds. Case 1 had systemic lupus erythematosus, case 2 had Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and case 3 had progressive systemic sclerosis. Prior to the onset of hoarseness, autoimmune antibody titers were increased. These cases need differential diagnosis from vocal fold nodules and cysts. Two cases were recurrent after endoscopic surgery, 1 recurring 3 times. Glucocorticoid was effective in preventing the recurrence in the early phase. Recurrence may have occurred because the surgical strategy was the same as that used for vocal fold nodules or cysts.

Up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) and class II MHC molecules on pulmonary artery endothelial cells by antibodies against U1-ribonucleoprotein

In order to elucidate the pathogenic role(s) of autoantibodies in connective tissue disease (CTD), we examined whether autoantibodies against U1-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and double-stranded (ds) DNA can up-regulate ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and class I and II MHC molecule expression on pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC). ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and class II MHC molecule expression on HPAEC cultured in the presence of anti-U1-RNP-containing and anti-dsDNA-containing IgG from CTD patients was up-regulated significantly in comparison with that on HPAEC cultured with IgG from normal healthy volunteers. Affinity chromatographic enrichment and depletion of the anti-U1-RNP antibody content of anti-U1-RNP-containing IgG confirmed that the anti-U1-RNP antibody did up-regulate ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and class II MHC molecule expression. The finding that an IgG F(ab')2-purified anti-U1-RNP antibody also up-regulated expression of these molecules may indicate that mechanisms other than Fc receptor-mediated stimulation are involved. These in vitro findings suggest that autoantibodies against U1-RNP and dsDNA play important roles in the immunopathological processes leading to the proliferative pulmonary arterial vasculopathy observed in CTD patients with pulmonary hypertension by up-regulating adhesion and class II MHC molecule expression on endothelial cells.

Histological evaluation of destructive monoarthropathy in mixed connective tissue disease

The synovium from a patient with mixed connective tissue disease and destructive ankle monoarthritis was studied in detail to determine its immunohistological characteristics. Fibrinoid necrotic tissue on the surface of the synovium, multi-layered lining cells, increased numbers of capillaries, interstitial edema, infiltration of macrophages, relatively small numbers of lympho-plasma cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, scattered bone fragments, and multinucleated giant cells were observed. Many cells in the lining and sublining area were positive for CD68 and MAC387. Lower layers of increased lining cells which had a spindle shape were positively stained with anti-HLA-DR antibody. The small arteries in the deeper part of the synovium revealed obstruction or highly stenotic change. These findings suggest that obstructive circulatory disturbance due to endothelial injury might influence the progression of arthritis.

Comparable histological appearance of synovitis in seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS

To compare the histological characteristics of the synovium between seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA), synovial tissue was obtained from 19 patients with rheumatoid factor-positive (RF+) RA, 11 with rheumatoid factor-negative (RF-)RA and 11 non-RA controls.

RESULTS

There were no differences in the frequency of each histological feature or histological scores between RF+ and RF-RA. However, significant differences in the frequency of histological findings such as lining cell proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration were found both between RF+ RA and non-RA controls, and between RF-RA and non-RA controls. Analysis of clinical parameters and histology in all RA patients revealed that the level of serum C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were directly correlated with the inflammatory cellular infiltration score. Immunohistological staining using a monoclonal antibody against IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) was positive in some plasma cells in the synovium of both RF+ and RF-RA patients, while no IgM-RF-positive cells were observed in the synovium of non-RA controls.

CONCLUSION

RF serostatus does not necessarily reflect the histology of synovial inflammation.

[An autopsy case of untreated systemic lupus erythematosus with death from acute pulmonary hemorrhage]

An autopsy case of SLE died from acute and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage is presented. A 50 year-old woman with SLE was admitted to our hospital because of high fever, butterfly rash, discoid skin lesions and renal dysfunction. She died from acute respiratory failure before initiation of the therapy with corticosteroid. Autopsy findings revealed a massive acute intrapulmonary hemorrhage. Histological study demonstrated a pulmonary arterial vasculitis with prominent fibrinoid necrosis at muscular pulmonary artery. No remarkable deposit of immunoglobulins and complements was found within the alveolar walls and pulmonary vessels by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Renal histology revealed diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with fibrinoid necrosis, crescent formation and wireloop lesions compatible with type IVb according to the WHO classification. The granular deposit of IgM, C3 and Clq, and electron dense deposit was found by immunofluorescence and by electron microscopy, respectively, in the kidney. The small arteries and veins in other organs, such as liver, spleen, bladder, ovary and rectum also revealed fibrinoid vasculitis. Acute infectious lesion was not observed in any tissue examined. The diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE could be one of the manifestations of active and severe systemic vasculitis.

Primary pulmonary hypertension. Study of eight autopsy cases

Eight autopsy cases of primary pulmonary hypertension were studied. All cases were diagnosed as primary plexogenic arteriopathy. Microscopical study of the lungs showed in every case hypertensive arterial changes of Grade II-VI after Health & Edwards' criteria. Truncal pulmonary artery of three cases revealed aneurysm or severe dilatation with thrombus, and dilation was also recorded in another three cases. Histology of gross pulmonary artery in several cases presented disruption and defect of elastic fiber and alcian-blue positive microcystic change in media, lymphoid cell infiltration in outer media and inner adventitia, adventitial thickening, and intimal fibrosis. The liver of 7 cases showed secondary congestive changes and in one case intrahepatic portal vasculitis.

Congenital nephrotic syndrome (Finnish type)

The case was a one year and four months old boy, who had been diagnosed as congenital nephrotic syndrome on the 4th day of life. He died of septicemia from peritonitis. Large pale kidneys, dilated trunk of pulmonary artery, and thickened left atrial endocardium were observed at autopsy. Renal histology seemed to be compatible with congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. Viral antigens of herpes simplex type 1 and varicella-zoster in paraffin-embedded sections were proven to be negative. Besides renal change, increased number of pancreatic islets without hypertrophy was noticed.