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Du J, Filipović MR, Wagner BA, Buettner GR. Ascorbate mediates the non-enzymatic reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide. Adv Redox Res 2023; 9:100079. [PMID: 37692975 PMCID: PMC10486277 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2023.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO•) generated by nitric oxide synthases is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, non-enzymatic formation of NO• also occurs in vivo. Here we investigated the production of NO• from nitrite, as facilitated by ascorbate, over the pH range of 2.4-7.4. Using a nitric oxide electrode, we observed at low pH a rapid generation of NO• from nitrite and ascorbate that slows with increasing pH. The formation of NO• was confirmed by its reaction with oxyhemoglobin. In the ascorbate/nitrite system a steady-state level of NO• was achieved, suggesting that a futile redox cycle of nitrite-reduction by ascorbate and NO•-oxidation by dioxygen was established. However, at pH-values of around 7 and greater, the direct reduction of nitrite by ascorbate is very slow; thus, this route to the non-enzymatic production of NO• is not likely to be significant process in vivo in environments having a pH around 7.4. The production of nitric oxide by nitrite and ascorbate would be important only in areas of lower pH, e.g. stomach/digestive system, sites of inflammation, and areas of hypoxia such as tumor tissue. In patients receiving very large doses of ascorbate delivered by intravenous infusion, plasma levels of ascorbate on the order of 20 - 30 mM can be achieved. After infusion, levels of nitrate and nitrite in plasma were unchanged. Thus, in blood and tissue that maintain a pH of about 7.4, the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide by ascorbate appears to be insignificant, even at very large, pharmacological levels of ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology & ESR Facility, The University of Iowa, Med Labs B-180, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | - Brett A. Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology & ESR Facility, The University of Iowa, Med Labs B-180, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology & ESR Facility, The University of Iowa, Med Labs B-180, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Kenkel I, Franke A, Dürr M, Zahl A, Dücker-Benfer C, Langer J, Filipović MR, Yu M, Puchta R, Fiedler SR, Shores MP, Goldsmith CR, Ivanović-Burmazović I. Switching between Inner- and Outer-Sphere PCET Mechanisms of Small-Molecule Activation: Superoxide Dismutation and Oxygen/Superoxide Reduction Reactivity Deriving from the Same Manganese Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1472-1484. [PMID: 28111938 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Readily exchangeable water molecules are commonly found in the active sites of oxidoreductases, yet the overwhelming majority of studies on small-molecule mimics of these enzymes entirely ignores the contribution of water to the reactivity. Studies of how these enzymes can continue to function in spite of the presence of highly oxidizing species are likewise limited. The mononuclear MnII complex with the potentially hexadentate ligand N-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (LOH) was previously found to act as both a H2O2-responsive MRI contrast agent and a mimic of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Here, we studied this complex in aqueous solutions at different pH values in order to determine its (i) acid-base equilibria, (ii) coordination equilibria, (iii) substitution lability and operative mechanisms for water exchange, (iv) redox behavior and ability to participate in proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions, (v) SOD activity and reductive activity toward both oxygen and superoxide, and (vi) mechanism for its transformation into the binuclear MnII complex with (H)OL-LOH and its hydroxylated derivatives. The conclusions drawn from potentiometric titrations, low-temperature mass spectrometry, temperature- and pressure-dependent 17O NMR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, stopped-flow kinetic analyses, and EPR measurements were supported by the structural characterization and quantum chemical analysis of proposed intermediate species. These comprehensive studies enabled us to determine how transiently bound water molecules impact the rate and mechanism of SOD catalysis. Metal-bound water molecules facilitate the PCET necessary for outer-sphere SOD activity. The absence of the water ligand, conversely, enables the inner-sphere reduction of both superoxide and dioxygen. The LOH complex maintains its SOD activity in the presence of •OH and MnIV-oxo species by channeling these oxidants toward the synthesis of a functionally equivalent binuclear MnII species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Kenkel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dürr
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Zahl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carlos Dücker-Benfer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milos R Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Ralph Puchta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie R Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Matthew P Shores
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Christian R Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Andersson DA, Filipović MR, Gentry C, Eberhardt M, Vastani N, Leffler A, Reeh P, Bevan S. Streptozotocin Stimulates the Ion Channel TRPA1 Directly: INVOLVEMENT OF PEROXYNITRITE. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15185-96. [PMID: 25903127 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes is the most commonly used animal model of diabetes. Here, we have demonstrated that intraplantar injections of low dose STZ evoked acute polymodal hypersensitivities in mice. These hypersensitivities were inhibited by a TRPA1 antagonist and were absent in TRPA1-null mice. In wild type mice, systemic STZ treatment (180 mg/kg) evoked a loss of cold and mechanical sensitivity within an hour of injection, which lasted for at least 10 days. In contrast, Trpa1(-/-) mice developed mechanical, cold, and heat hypersensitivity 24 h after STZ. The TRPA1-dependent sensory loss produced by STZ occurs before the onset of diabetes and may thus not be readily distinguished from the similar sensory abnormalities produced by the ensuing diabetic neuropathy. In vitro, STZ activated TRPA1 in isolated sensory neurons, TRPA1 cell lines, and membrane patches. Mass spectrometry studies revealed that STZ oxidizes TRPA1 cysteines to disulfides and sulfenic acids. Furthermore, incubation of tyrosine with STZ resulted in formation of dityrosine, suggesting formation of peroxynitrite. Functional analysis of TRPA1 mutants showed that cysteine residues that were oxidized by STZ were important for TRPA1 responsiveness to STZ. Our results have identified oxidation of TRPA1 cysteine residues, most likely by peroxynitrite, as a novel mechanism of action of STZ. Direct stimulation of TRPA1 complicates the interpretation of results from STZ models of diabetic sensory neuropathy and strongly argues that more refined models of diabetic neuropathy should replace the use of STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Andersson
- From the Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom,
| | - Milos R Filipović
- the Bioinorganic Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clive Gentry
- From the Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Mirjam Eberhardt
- the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany, and
| | - Nisha Vastani
- From the Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Leffler
- the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany, and
| | - Peter Reeh
- the Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stuart Bevan
- From the Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Lieb D, Kenkell I, Miljković JL, Moldenhauer D, Weber N, Filipović MR, Gröhn F, Ivanović-Burmazović I. Amphiphilic Pentaazamacrocyclic Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Mimetics. Inorg Chem 2013; 53:1009-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402469t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lieb
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabell Kenkell
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Lj. Miljković
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Moldenhauer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadine Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milos R. Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Gröhn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Filipović MR, Koh ACW, Arbault S, Niketić V, Debus A, Schleicher U, Bogdan C, Guille M, Lemaître F, Amatore C, Ivanović-Burmazović I. Striking inflammation from both sides: manganese(II) pentaazamacrocyclic SOD mimics act also as nitric oxide dismutases: a single-cell study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4228-32. [PMID: 20446321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milos R Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Filipović MR, Duerr K, Mojović M, Simeunović V, Zimmermann R, Niketić V, Ivanović-Burmazović I. NO dismutase activity of seven-coordinate manganese(II) pentaazamacrocyclic complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 47:8735-9. [PMID: 18924192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Filipović MR, Stanić D, Raicević S, Spasić M, Niketić V. Consequences of MnSOD interactions with nitric oxide: nitric oxide dismutation and the generation of peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Res 2007; 41:62-72. [PMID: 17164179 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600944296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) (Escherichia coli), binds nitric oxide (*NO) and stimulates its decay under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The results indicate that previously observed MnSOD-catalyzed *NO disproportionation (dismutation) into nitrosonium (NO+) and nitroxyl (NO-) species under anaerobic conditions is also operative in the presence of molecular oxygen. Upon sustained aerobic exposure to *NO, MnSOD-derived NO- species initiate the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) leading to enzyme tyrosine nitration, oxidation and (partial) inactivation. The results suggest that both ONOO- decomposition and ONOO(-)-dependent tyrosine residue nitration and oxidation are enhanced by metal centre-mediated catalysis. We show that the generation of ONOO- is accompanied by the formation of substantial amounts of H2O2. MnSOD is a critical mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, which has been found to undergo tyrosine nitration and inactivation in various pathologies associated with the overproduction of *NO. The results of the present study can account for the molecular specificity of MnSOD nitration in vivo. The interaction of *NO with MnSOD may represent a novel mechanism by which MnSOD protects the cell from deleterious effects associated with overproduction of *NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos R Filipović
- Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
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