[Propensity-matched comparison of laparoscopic and open radical cystectomy for female patients with bladder cancer]

OBJECTIVE

To compare the perioperative and oncologic outcomes of female patients receiving laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) and open radical cystectomy (ORC).

METHODS

Retrospective review of 91 consecutive female patients with urothelial carcinoma of bladder undergoing radical cystectomy at a single academic institution from 2006 to 2017. Those female patients received open radical cystectomy were matched to the patients who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy by using propensity score matching in 1 ∶1 ratio. The matching factors included age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, pathologic stage and pathologic nodal stage. The perioperation and oncology characteristics were compared, and Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) estimates. Finally, we did a sensitive analysis by using multivariable COX regression of all the patients, adjusting for the matching factors.

RESULTS

There were 65 ORC and 26 LRC patients identified in this cohort with urothelial carcinoma of bladder, the median follow-up time was 38 months (interquartile range 18-69). The age (P<0.001) and ASA scores (P=0.018) were less for LRC before being matched. There were 22 LRC and 22 ORC patients matching successfully. Before being matched, the estimate blood loss (P=0.005), transfusion rate (P<0.001) and total complications rate (P=0.015) were less for LRC, and the lymph nodes yield was greater for LRC, but there were no differences in OS (P=0.698), CSS (P=0.942) and PFS (P=0.837) between the two groups. After being matched, the estimate blood loss (P=0.009), transfusion rate (P=0.001) and total complications rate (P=0.040) were less for LRC, but there was no difference in the lymph nodes yield. Besides, there were no statistic differences in OS (P=0.432), CSS (P=0.429) and PFS (P=0.284) between the two groups. In addition, in multivariable COX regression analysis, surgical approaches (LRC/ORC) were not found to be a predictor of OS (HR 1.134, 95%CI 0.335-3.835, P=0.839), CSS (HR 1.051, 95%CI 0.234-4.719, P=0.949) and PFS (HR 0.538, 95%CI 0.138-2.095, P=0.371) of the female patients with urothelial carcinoma of bladder.

CONCLUSION

It is advantageous for laparoscopic radical cystectomy in terms of estimating blood loss, transfusion rate and complication rate. But there was no evidence that laparoscopic radical cystectomy for female patients with bladder cancer had a better oncologic prognosis than open radical cystectomy from this study.

Value of amplitude-integrated electroencephalograph in early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

To investigate value of amplitude-integrated electroencephalograph (aEEG) in early diagnosis and prediction of long-term prognosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), 120 HIE Children were randomly assigned into aEEG group and control group (n = 60 per group). Children in each group were sub-divided into mild, moderate and severe HIE groups (n = 20 per group). 1, 3, 14 and 28 days after birth, aEEG was performed in aEEG group; 3, 14 and 28 days after birth, neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) was done in both groups. Children who discharged were followed up at adjusted gestational age of 12 months with Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) and prognosis evaluation.

RESULTS

aEEG manifestation was positively related to clinical severityb of HIE (r = 0.843, P < 0.01). On day 3 and 14, NBNA score was comparable between two groups (P > 0.05), but significant difference in NBNA score was noted on day 28 (P < 0.05). On day 3, 14 and 28, aEEG manifestation was positively associated with prognosis at adjusted gestational age of 12 months (r = 0.832, 0.857, 0.778, 0.743, P < 0.01). In aEEG group, disability rate was 13.8%, which was significantly lower than that in control group (23.2%); cure rate in aEEG group (60%) was significantly higher than that in control group (40%). Moreover, long-term prognosis was also dramatically different between aEEG group and control group (χ(2) = 4.107, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

aEEG manifestation is significantly associated with clinical severity of HIE and may be helpful for early diagnosis of HIE. aEEG may be used to predict long term prognosis of HIE children.

[Comparative study on application of Duo positive airway pressure and continuous positive airway pressure in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome]

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether early application of Duo positive airway pressure (DuoPAP), in comparison with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), can reduce the need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation and decrease the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

METHODS

In a single-center, randomized controlled trial, preterm neonates (gestational ages 30-35 weeks) with RDS were randomly assigned to receive DuoPAP (n=34) or NCPAP (n=33) within 6 hours of birth. If the two noninvasive ventilations were not effective, endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were used, and pulmonary surfactant was administered as rescue therapy. The total invasive respiratory support rate and incidence of BPD within 24, 48 and 72 hours of birth were observed. The two groups were compared in terms of PaCO2, PaO2 and oxygenation index (OI) at 1, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after using the noninvasive respiratory support.

RESULTS

The total invasive respiratory support rates within 48 and 72 hours after birth were significantly lower in the DuoPAP group than in the NCPAP group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of BPD between the two groups (P>0.05). The OI in the DuoPAP group was significantly higher than in the NCPAP group at 1, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after noninlasive respiratory support (P<0.05). The DuoPAP group showed significantly lower PaCO2 than the NCPAP group at 1, 12, and 24 hours after noninvasive respiratory support (P<0.05). PaO2 was significantly higher in the DuoPAP group than in the NCPAP group at 1 and 12 hours after noninvasive respiratory support (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with NCPAP, early application of DuoPAP can decrease the need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in preterm neonates with RDS, showing promise for broad use.