Dairy farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the brucellosis surveillance and control program in Bogor, Indonesia

Background and Aim

Brucellosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease that affects people's health and the economy in most countries. Brucellosis is still prevalent in several Indonesian regions. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of dairy farmers in Bogor District in supporting brucellosis control and surveillance programs.

Materials and Methods

The study was cross-sectional. Data were collected through interviews with 151 dairy farmers in Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The outcome is brucellosis surveillance and control practice among dairy farmers, and the variables include individual characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes toward brucellosis surveillance and control. Descriptive analysis and path analysis were used in statistical analysis.

Results

The majority of farmers' knowledge, attitudes and practices were moderate, with the percentages 67.55%, 60.92%, and 41.72% respectively. Formal education, training, and dairy rising length are variables that have a direct and significant impact on knowledge level. Knowledge is the variable that influences the overall level of attitude. Age, knowledge, and attitude are factors that influence the practice of brucellosis surveillance and control.

Conclusion

Although the practice level of brucellosis surveillance and control for dairy farmers in Bogor Regency is moderate, efforts to improve it are still required. The basic effort is critical for increasing farmers' knowledge.

Partial Budgeting of the Application of Teat-dipping to Control Mastitis in Small Farms

Subclinical mastitis has a higher prevalence than clinical mastitis in many small farmers in Bogor city, and it could reach more than 80 percent. However, the application of teat-dipping could help small farms to control subclinical mastitis prevalence. The objective of this study was to measure the cost of teat-dipping application as subclinical mastitis control in small dairy farms. The partial budget was employed based on the experimental data collected in small dairy farms in Bogor. A number of cows were the basis of simulation for the mean of milk value and the application cost. The findings show an incentive for farmers to apply teat dipping in their farms. The incentive of teat dipping application could be improved to prevent sub-clinical mastitis infection and increase milk production.

Role of Teat Dipping After Milking for Subclinical Mastitis Control and Improving Production of Dairy Cow

This study was aimed to compare somatic cell count and milk production on dairy cattle after teat dipping post milking application. Samples collected from total of 121 quarters of dairy cattle in normal lactation period and identified as infected by subclinical mastitis. Subclinical mastitis examination was done by IPB Test Mastitis Test, somatic cell count calculation was done by Breed Method, and observation of milk production was done by calculating milk volume per quarter. Observations were performed during normal lactation periods of 12 weeks. Data were analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney Test and unpaired t-test. The results showed that the number of somatic cells count in the treatment group with post milking teat dipping application was lower than in the control group and significantly different at week 11 (p = 0.039). Furthermore, the volume of milk production in the treatment group was higher than in the control group and significantly different in almost all weeks of observation (p<0.05). It was showed that post milking teat dipping application can prevent subclinical mastitis infection effectively, seen from low somatic cell count (below 400.000 cells/ml) and can maintain optimum milk production. So that, this application can increase the economic benefits for dairy farmers.

Data Dasar Perancangan Alat Celup Puting sesuai dengan Bentuk Puting Sapi Perah di Jawa Barat

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat data dasar mengenai ukuran puting sapi perah peranakan Frisien Holstein di Jawa Barat. Data digunakan sebagai acuan untuk merancang bangun prototipe alat celup puting sesuai dengan bentuk puting dan kondisi peternakan sapi perah di Indonesia. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan kajian lapang lintas seksional. Data diperoleh dengan cara pengukuran bentuk eksterior puting pada 324 ekor sapi perah dalam masa laktasi normal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa puting bagian depan memiliki rerata lebih panjang dibandingkan dengan puting bagian belakang, berturut turut panjang puting Kanan depan/KaD (6,11 ± 1,42 cm), Kiri depan/KiD (6,11 ± 1,48 cm), Kanan belakang/KaB (4,94 ± 1,37 cm), dan Kiri belakang/KiB (4,88 ± 1,41 cm). Setiap peningkatan umur laktasi menyebabkan panjang puting dari semua kuartir mengalami pertambahan ukuran, dan peningkatan yang signifikan terjadi pada laktasi ke-6 (P<0,05), kecuali pada puting KaB tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan (P>0,05). Rerata lingkar puting hampir sama pada seluruh kuartir, yaitu 7,66 ± 1,45 cm (KaD), 7,70 ± 1,49 cm (KiD), 7,13 ± 1,38 (KaB), dan 7,07 ± 1,46 (KiB). Rerata lingkar puting juga mengalami pertambahan ukuran seiring dengan bertambahnya umur laktasi. Peningkatan rata-rata lingkar puting secara signifikan terjadi pada umur laktasi ke-5 (P<0,05). Jarak antara puting kanan dan kiri bagian depan lebih lebar (8,08 ± 2,97 cm) dibandingkan dengan jarak antara puting kanan dan kiri bagian belakang (3,02 ± 2,54 cm). Jarak antara puting depan belakang bagian kanan (7,38 ± 2,56 cm) memiliki rerata yang hampir sama dengan jarak antar puting depan belakang bagian kiri (7,27 ± 2,54 cm). Puting depan memiliki jarak yang lebih dekat dengan lantai dibandingkan dengan puting belakang, dengan perbedaan jarak sebesar 0,97 cm.

Prevalensi Mastitis Subklinis dan Evaluasi Mikrobiologis Susu Peternakan Rakyat di Boyolali

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur prevalensi mastitis subklinis dan mengevaluasi kualitas mikrobiologis susu di peternakan rakyat Kabupaten Boyolali. Metode pengukuran prevalensi dilakukan dengan memilih sebanyak 130 ekor sapi sebagai sampel individu menggunakan penarikan contoh acak sederhana, sementara evaluasi mikrobiologis susu dilakukan pada 22 peternakan model yang telah diberikan penyuluhan dan pendampingan terkait praktik higiene dan sanitasi pemerahan. Uji diagnostik mastitis subklinis dilakukan dengan reagen IPB-1 mastitis test dan perhitungan jumlah kuman dengan total plate count (TPC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi mastitis subklinis di peternakan rakyat kabupaten Boyolali masih tinggi yaitu 65% (57-74%). Dari hasil tersebut, 72 sampel (55%) positif satu (+) dan 13 sampel (10%) positif dua (++) uji mastitis subklinis. Disamping itu dari hasil evaluasi mikrobiologis setelah dilakukan penyuluhan, 95,5% sampel susu memiliki jumlah total kuman di bawah standar SNI yaitu 1,0 x 106 cfu/ml dan hanya terdapat satu peternak (4,5%) yang memiliki TPC sebesar 4,4 x 106 cfu/ml. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa prevalensi mastitis subklinis masih sangat tinggi dan perlu dilakukan penyuluhan kepada peternak sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesadaran untuk menerapkan praktik higiene dan sanitasi.

Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bulk Tank Milk from Dairy Farms in Indonesia

Bulk tank milk from 80 dairy farms located in the West Java Region of Indonesia was analyzed for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Isolates from seven dairy farms were ESBL positive, and all were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. The isolates showed ESBL-characteristic antibiotic resistance patterns. Further analysis revealed that all K. pneumoniae isolates harbored the blaSHV gene, and two isolates were additionally positive for the blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genes. Isolates from different farms were clonally diverse according to macrorestriction analysis. The results indicate that the relatively high frequency of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in bulk tank milk implies the risk that milk is both a source of local exposure and a vector contributing to the supraregional spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by trade.