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Thomson VS, Varghese MJ, Chacko ST, Varghese L, Alex AG, George PV, George OK, Joseph G, Yadav BK, John J. Coronary artery disease management and cost implications with fractional flow reserve guided coronary intervention in Indian patients with stable ischemic coronary artery disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 97:815-824. [PMID: 32294309 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the safety of stent avoidance, frequency of change in management decisions, and its cost implications while using a fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided treatment strategy for intermediate-grade coronary artery stenosis. BACKGROUND The impact of FFR in guiding management decisions and its cost implications has not been studied after imposition of a ceiling on stent prices by the Government of India. METHODS In 400 patients with 477 intermediate-grade coronary lesions for whom coronary intervention was planned, functional assessment using FFR was done. Incidence of the primary composite endpoint (major adverse cardiac event [MACE], cardiac death, myocardial infarction, objective evidence of ischemia, and target vessel revascularization) in the stent avoided subset was compared with the stented group at follow-up. Micro-costing analysis was done using a computed model with current stent and FFR wire prices. RESULTS The overall incidence of MACE was 4.9%, 0.9% in the stent-avoided subset and 6.9% in stented group (p = 0.04, comparing the latter two) at a median follow-up of 21 months (interquartile range 12-31 months). Serious adverse events occurred only in 1% of patients receiving adenosine. The average cost saving was Indian rupees (INR) 51,847 [United States Dollar (USD) 746] per patient, resulting in total savings of INR 15,813,379 (USD 227,530). Cost savings persisted but were lower by 36% (INR 18,613/USD 268 per patient) after the ceiling of stent prices. CONCLUSION FFR-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) strategy is safe and cost-effective in countries where majority of patients self-finance their health care, resulting in stent and PCI avoidance in approximately one in three patients referred for coronary angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viji S Thomson
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Mithun J Varghese
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Sujith T Chacko
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Lijo Varghese
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Anoop G Alex
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Paul V George
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Oommen K George
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - George Joseph
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Bijesh K Yadav
- Department of Biostatitics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Jacob John
- Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
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Varghese MJ, Bhatheja S, Baber U, Kezbor S, Chincholi A, Chamaria S, Buckstein M, Bakst R, Kini A, Sharma S. Intravascular Brachytherapy for the Management of Repeated Multimetal-Layered Drug-Eluting Coronary Stent Restenosis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 11:e006832. [PMID: 30354630 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.118.006832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the widespread acceptance of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents as an effective treatment strategy for in-stent restenosis, it is common to encounter multimetal layer stent restenosis in the recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of such patients treated with intravascular brachytherapy (IVBT) in comparison with other percutaneous options. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention during the period between 2011 and 2015 for recurrent drug-eluting stents in-stent restenosis with at least 2 layers of stents at the lesion site. This analysis compared patients who underwent treatment with IVBT and those who did not (non-IVBT group). The primary end point measured was major adverse cardiac events defined as a composite of target lesion revascularization, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality at 12 months. Adjusted associations were measured using propensity score matching. A total of 328 percutaneous coronary intervention patients met the eligibility criteria, of which 197 patients received IVBT, and 131 patients underwent routine percutaneous intervention. The primary end point was significantly lower in patients undergoing IVBT (13.2% and 28.2%; P=0.01). A propensity score matching for risk factors of in-stent restenosis identified 182 patients. The advantages of IVBT with regard to 1-year major adverse cardiac events were confirmed in this matched cohort (13.2% and 30.8%; adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.37 [0.18-0.73]; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this analysis, IVBT led to significantly lower major adverse cardiac events in patients with multilayered drug-eluting stents restenosis when compared with other percutaneous options at 1-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun J Varghese
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (M.J.V., S.B., U.B., S.K., A.C., S.C., A.K., S.S.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Samit Bhatheja
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (M.J.V., S.B., U.B., S.K., A.C., S.C., A.K., S.S.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Usman Baber
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (M.J.V., S.B., U.B., S.K., A.C., S.C., A.K., S.S.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Safwan Kezbor
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (M.J.V., S.B., U.B., S.K., A.C., S.C., A.K., S.S.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Aditi Chincholi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (M.J.V., S.B., U.B., S.K., A.C., S.C., A.K., S.S.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Surbhi Chamaria
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (M.J.V., S.B., U.B., S.K., A.C., S.C., A.K., S.S.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Michael Buckstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology (M.B., R.B.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Richard Bakst
- Department of Radiation Oncology (M.B., R.B.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Annapoorna Kini
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (M.J.V., S.B., U.B., S.K., A.C., S.C., A.K., S.S.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Samin Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (M.J.V., S.B., U.B., S.K., A.C., S.C., A.K., S.S.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
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Joseph G, Varghese MJ, George OK. Transjugular balloon mitral valvotomy in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis. Indian Heart J 2016; 68 Suppl 2:S11-S14. [PMID: 27751258 PMCID: PMC5067793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) performed by the conventional transfemoral approach can be difficult or even impossible in the presence of structural impediments such as severe kyphoscoliosis, gross cardiac anatomic distortion and inferior vena caval anomalies. A 25-year-old woman with severe thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis due to poliomyelitis presented with symptomatic rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. After the failure of transfemoral BMV, the procedure was attempted from the right jugular access, using a modified septal puncture technique. The left atrium was entered from the jugular access and the mitral valve was crossed and dilated successfully using over the wire balloon technique. Transjugular BMV is an effective alternative in patients with kyphoscoliotic spine that preclude transfemoral approach. The detailed technique used for the procedure, its advantages as well as the other percutaneous treatment options are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Joseph
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Mithun J Varghese
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
| | - Oommen K George
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oommen K George
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Kumar V, Varghese MJ, Raveendran S, George OK. Pseudoaneurysm following transradial coronary angiogram. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:252. [PMID: 26358573 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Sreekanth Raveendran
- Dr. Paul Brand Centre for Hand Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Oommen K George
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Varghese MJ, Joseph G. TCT-806 Transjugular Access As An Alternative To Standard Transfemoral Approach For Balloon Mitral Valvotomy In Patients With Structural Alterations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder of lipoprotein metabolism resulting in elevated serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels leading to increased risk for premature cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The diagnosis of this condition is based on clinical features, family history, and elevated LDL-cholesterol levels aided more recently by genetic testing. As the atherosclerotic burden is dependent on the degree and duration of exposure to raised LDL-cholesterol levels, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is paramount. Statins are presently the mainstay in the management of these patients, although newer drugs, LDL apheresis, and other investigational therapies may play a role in certain subsets of FH, which are challenging to treat. Together these novel treatments have notably improved the prognosis of FH, especially that of the heterozygous patients. Despite these achievements, a majority of children fail to attain targeted lipid goals owing to persistent shortcomings in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. This review aims to highlight the screening, diagnosis, goals of therapy, and management options in patients with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun J Varghese
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Varghese MJ, Patel TV, George PV, Pati PK, Jose V J. Mammoth Right Atrium. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:e21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Varghese MJ, Hussain T, George PV, Pati PK, Jose JV. The shadow within: a colossal left atrium. Echocardiography 2013; 31:E94-5. [PMID: 24303813 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Varghese MJ, Kothari SS. Cardiac Tamponade with only Left Heart Collapse in a Child with Severe Pulmonary Artery Hypertension. Echocardiography 2013; 30:E263-4. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mithun J. Varghese
- Department of Cardiology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi; India
| | - Shyam S. Kothari
- Department of Cardiology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi; India
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Abstract
Diphtheria continues to be reported from many parts of the world. Complete heart block is rare but often fatal complication of diphtheric myocarditis. We report six children with diphtheric myocarditis who presented with complete heart block. Three patients survived, one with persistent complete heart block. Aggressive supportive management including transvenous pacing may result in complete recovery in a significant number of children with diphtheric myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun J Varghese
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Varghese MJ, Kothari SS. The caveats in the diagnosis of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). Images Paediatr Cardiol 2010; 12:3-8. [PMID: 22368564 PMCID: PMC3228333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is an infrequent, well described, but important anomaly of the coronary origin. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment of the disease can be life saving. However, there are several potential sources of error in the seemingly simple stereotype diagnostic pattern. We report a case of ALCAPA and allude to some of the caveats in the diagnosis of this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Varghese
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, INDIA
| | - SS Kothari
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, INDIA,Corresponding author: Shyam S Kothari, Professor (Cardiology), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, INDIA Fax- 91-11-26588641, E mail-
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