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Kientega HD, Ilboudo EM, Waongo A, Ilboudo Z, Zeba MTA, Sanon A. Seasonal diversity and dynamics of entomofauna associated with the decomposition of pig (Sus scrofa domesticus L.) carcasses in a Peri-urban area of Central Burkina Faso, West Africa. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024; 20:89-99. [PMID: 37060535 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of seasons on the diversity and dynamics of insects associated with pig carrion in Gampela, Plateau Central Region, Burkina Faso, West Africa. Pig carcasses (Sus scrofa domesticus L.) were exposed in an open area to monitor their decomposition process and their colonization by insects during a warm and dry period (March-April 2015), a warm and wet period (August-September 2015) and a cool and dry period (December 2015-January 2016). Monitoring and entomological data collection occurred for 60 days for each study period. The decomposition process always included five stages (fresh, bloating, putrefaction, postputrefaction, and skeletal), which varied in duration depending on the study period. In sum, 118,761 insects belonging to 4 orders, 12 families, 17 genera, and 21 species were collected during the three study periods, with approximately 61% of the individuals collected during the warm and wet period. The dynamics of insect populations associated with the pig carcasses included two peaks at each study period. Formicidae was the most abundant insect family in each study period, but Musca domestica was the most abundant species. The listed species were found to belong to four trophic groups with a predominance of predators/carnivores followed by necrophagous insects. The orders, families, and trophic groups reported in this study were significantly more abundant during the warm and wet period. The results show prospects for the use of Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Dermestidae in criminal investigations, depending on seasonal variations in Sudano-Sahelian areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoré D Kientega
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LEFA), UFR Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 06 BP 9499, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Edith M Ilboudo
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LEFA), UFR Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 06 BP 9499, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Antoine Waongo
- Laboratoire Central d'Entomologie Agricole de Kamboinsé (LCEA-K), Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Zakaria Ilboudo
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LEFA), UFR Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 06 BP 9499, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Moctar T A Zeba
- Laboratoire de Police Technique et Scientifique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Antoine Sanon
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LEFA), UFR Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 06 BP 9499, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
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Yelemkoure ET, Yonli AT, Sombie HK, Tao I, Zouré AA, Ouattara AK, Sorgho AP, Zongo AW, Zeba MTA, Kiendrebeogo IT, Bado P, Kabré MK, Zohoncon TM, Djigma FW, Obiri-Yeboah D, Simpore J. Seroprevalence, Genotyping, and Monitoring of Hepatitis C Viral Loads in Patients on Antivirals in Burkina Faso. Intervirology 2021; 65:151-159. [PMID: 34583364 PMCID: PMC9501785 DOI: 10.1159/000519848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major public health problem worldwide. In Burkina Faso, nearly 720,000 people are living with HCV, and each year about 900 people die from complications of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. This study was planned to determine the HCV seroprevalence, characterize circulating genotypes, and monitor HCV viral loads in patients under treatment with antivirals. Methods A total of 4,124 individuals and 167 patients in the pre-therapy program were recruited. The “SD Bioline HCV” kit was used for rapid screening of anti-HCV antibodies. Viral load and genotyping were performed in 167 HCV patients on antivirals using the “Iontek HCV Quant” and “Iontek genotyping” kits. Results Prevalence of HCV was 1.65% (68/4,124), and the median viral load of participants was 5.37 log10/mL (1.32–7.67 log10/mL). Genotype 2 was predominant with a frequency of 86.23% (144/167) and appeared to be more active with higher viral load compared to 13.77% (23/167) for genotype 1 (p < 0.001). After 24 weeks of pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals, such as sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, the viral loads of all patients became undetectable. Conclusion The responses to antivirals by the circulating genotypes indicate that the results are very satisfactory. Therefore, the prevalence of HCV in the population can be reduced through identification of cases and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige T Yelemkoure
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Albert T Yonli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hermann K Sombie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Issoufou Tao
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Institute of Sciences, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdou Azaque Zouré
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Department of Biomedical and Public Heath, Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul Karim Ouattara
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,University Center of Manga, Norbert ZONGO University, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abel P Sorgho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Arsène W Zongo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Moctar T A Zeba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Isabelle T Kiendrebeogo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Prosper Bado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Madeleine K Kabré
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Théodora M Zohoncon
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,University Saint Thomas d'Aquin, Faculty of Medicine, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia W Djigma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Cape Coast, School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,University Saint Thomas d'Aquin, Faculty of Medicine, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Sagna T, Bisseye C, Compaore TR, Kagone TS, Djigma FW, Ouermi D, Pirkle CM, Zeba MTA, Bazie VJT, Douamba Z, Moret R, Pietra V, Koama A, Gnoula C, Sia JD, Nikiema JB, Simpore J. Prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in Burkina Faso: evaluation of vertical transmission by PCR, molecular characterization of subtypes and determination of antiretroviral drugs resistance. Glob Health Action 2015; 8:26065. [PMID: 25630709 PMCID: PMC4309832 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v8.26065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vertical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is a public health problem in Burkina Faso. The main objective of this study on the prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission was to determine the residual risk of HIV transmission in infants born to mothers receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Moreover, we detect HIV antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance among mother–infant pairs and identify subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRF) in Burkina Faso. Design In this study, 3,215 samples of pregnant women were analyzed for HIV using rapid tests. Vertical transmission was estimated by polymerase chain reaction in 6-month-old infants born to women who tested HIV positive. HIV-1 resistance to ARV, subtypes, and CRFs was determined through ViroSeq kit using the ABI PRISM 3,130 sequencer. Results In this study, 12.26% (394/3,215) of the pregnant women were diagnosed HIV positive. There was 0.52% (2/388) overall vertical transmission of HIV, with rates of 1.75% (2/114) among mothers under prophylaxis and 0.00% (0/274) for those under HAART. Genetic mutations were also isolated that induce resistance to ARV such as M184V, Y115F, K103N, Y181C, V179E, and G190A. There were subtypes and CRF of HIV-1 present, the most common being: CRF06_CPX (58.8%), CRF02_AG (35.3%), and subtype G (5.9%). Conclusions ARV drugs reduce the residual rate of HIV vertical transmission. However, the virus has developed resistance to ARV, which could limit future therapeutic options when treatment is needed. Resistance to ARV therefore requires a permanent interaction between researchers, physicians, and pharmacists, to strengthen the network of monitoring and surveillance of drug resistance in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tani Sagna
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Institute of Research in Health Sciences, IRSS, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;
| | - Cyrille Bisseye
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Sciences and Techniques of Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Tegewende R Compaore
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Therese S Kagone
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Florencia W Djigma
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Djeneba Ouermi
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Catherine M Pirkle
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moctar T A Zeba
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Valerie J T Bazie
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Zoenabo Douamba
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Remy Moret
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | | | - Adjirita Koama
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Charlemagne Gnoula
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Joseph D Sia
- Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean-Baptiste Nikiema
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Sagna T, Bisseye C, Kagone TS, Djigma FW, Ouermi D, Zeba MTA, Bazié VJT, Douamba Z, Moret R, Pietra V, Koama A, Pignatelli S, Gnoula C, Sia JD, Nikiema JB, Simpore J. PMTCT of HIV-1 in Burkina Faso: evaluation of residual vertical transmission by PCR, molecular characterization of subtypes and determination of antiretroviral drugs resistance. BMC Infect Dis 2014. [PMCID: PMC4220963 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-s2-p59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zeba MTA, Ouattara CAT, Karou SD, Bisseye C, Ouermi D, Djigma FW, Sagna T, Pietra V, Moret R, Nikiema J, Simpore J. Prevalence of HBV and HCV markers among patients attending the Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou. Pak J Biol Sci 2013; 15:484-9. [PMID: 24187903 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.484.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
HCV and HBV cause annually, 2000 deaths from liver cancer in Burkina Faso. In this country, serological screening of hepatitis viruses B and C is only systematic among blood donors. The aims of this study were; (1) to investigate the reasons for the prescription of the screening for hepatitis B and C; (2) to determine HCV and HBV prevalence among 462 patients attending the Saint Camille Centre and (3) to identify patients with acute hepatitis or with chronic hepatitis for better monitoring. From February to May 2012, 462 patients attending the laboratory of the Saint Camille Medical Centre with viral hepatitis suspicion were screened. The hepatitis B and C serological markers were detected through Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) technique using commercial reagent kits. The clinical symptoms were also recorded for each patient. The results revealed that, the main clinical symptoms that prompted physicians to request HBV and HCV screenings were: asthenia (39.4%), anorexia (21.2%), abdominal pains (19.0%), nausea (10.4%), others (10.0%). The prevalence of HbsAg was 29.4% among the screened people. Patients with acute hepatitis B, active chronic hepatitis B and non-active chronic hepatitis B represented 11.2, 2.2 and 16.0%, respectively. The acquisition of immunity against HBV after vaccination was attempted for 11.7% people. HCV prevalence was 3.9% and its coinfection with HBV was 2.2%. This study showed a high prevalence for hepatitis B and C among patients attending Saint Camille Medical Centre. Without hygiene education and HBV/HCV prevention, viral hepatitis infection will become a serious public health problem in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T A Zeba
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni, CERBA/LABIOGENE, Université de Ouagadougou 01 BP, 364 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Zeba MTA, Karou SD, Sagna T, Djigma F, Bisseye C, Ouermi D, Pietra V, Pignatelli S, Gnoula C, Sia JD, Moret R, Nikiema JB, Simpore J. HCV prevalence and co-infection with HIV among pregnant women in Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou. Trop Med Int Health 2011; 16:1392-6. [PMID: 21762293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence and the rate of HCV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in pregnant women attending Saint Camille medical centre (SCMC) in Ouagadougou. METHODS A total of 607 pregnant women, 16-45 years old, with <32 weeks amenorrhoea were screened for HCV and HIV using rapid tests. The majority of the women included in the study were previously known as HIV infected, as the centre is a reference centre for the programme of prevention against mother-to-child HIV transmission in the country. HCV RNA was extracted and quantified using the cDNA polymerase chain reaction with the nested primers at the 5' untranslated region. Transaminases were measured from plasma samples using spectrophotometric method. RESULTS Of women, 62.27% were infected with HIV. The prevalence of HCV was 2.14% in the screened pregnant women: 1.75% in HIV-negative women and 2.38% in HIV-positive ones. This prevalence is not significantly different between HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women (P = 0.81). HCV RNA was found in all women with anti-HCV. A significant transaminase increase was noted in women infected with HCV (P = 0.01 and P < 0.01 for glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, respectively). Risk factors significantly associated with HCV positivity in pregnant women included transfusion and genital excision. In addition, the infection was linked with the educational level of the women. CONCLUSION The issue of this study revealed that effort should be made to promote safe medical practices and fight against women genital excision that are found to be the main risk factors associated with the HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moctar T A Zeba
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire, Pietro Annigoni, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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