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Khaji A, Larijani B, Ghodsi SM, Mohagheghi MA, Khankeh HR, Saadat S, Tabatabaei SM. Ethical Considerations for Living in Temporary Shelters (i.e., camps) Following a Natural Disaster. Arch Bone Jt Surg 2019; 7:445-452. [PMID: 31742222 PMCID: PMC6802547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some disasters, such as earthquake and flood make the majority of affected people homeless. The accommodation of these people in temporary shelters and camps requires some specific ethical issues. The aim of the present study was to discuss ethical issues regarding living in camps following natural disasters. METHODS This study is conducted utilizinga qualitative content analysis approach. The required data were collected from four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Subsequently, 11 in-depth interviews were completed using the individuals who had the experience of receiving care following natural disasters and continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed using Graham content analysis method. RESULTS According to the results obtained from affected people's views, the most important ethical issues that are not considered important in temporary shelters and camps include:1) the violation of privacy,2) the shortage of basic needs (e.g., food, water, and sanitation) and type and quality of services rendered,3) lack of attention to cultural and religious views of the affected people, 4) cause of evacuation, 5)lack of co-operation among disaster managers, 6)respecting the properties of the affected people, 7)conditions and geographic location of camps, 8)property care, and 9)community-based care. CONCLUSION Without paying attention to ethical issues, living in temporary shelters (i.e., camps) violates the dignity of affected people and then the affected people will not have appropriate cooperation with the managers. All these issues expose them to more harm than before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khaji
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research performed at Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research performed at Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research performed at Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Mohagheghi
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research performed at Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hammid R Khankeh
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research performed at Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Saadat
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research performed at Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research performed at Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khaji A, Larijani B, Ghodsi SM, Mohagheghi MA, Khankeh HR, Saadat S, Tabatabaei SM, Khorasani-Zavareh D. Ethical Issues in Technological Disaster: A Systematic Review of Literature. Arch Bone Jt Surg 2018; 6:269-276. [PMID: 30175173 PMCID: PMC6110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrialization could bring risk of Technological Disaster (TD) such as happened in Chernobyl, Bhopal and Fukushima crisis. Little has been discussed about its related ethical issues. In this study, we aimed to investigate ethical issues have been stated for technological disasters. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on the main international literature databases including Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and ISI (Jan 1, 2000 to Jan 1, 2018). From 64articles were eligible for investigation of ethical issues in Natural disaster, 6 was related to Technological Disaster. The articles were in English language. RESULTS Our result show that there are seven articles discussing ethical issues during Technological disaster. All of them are related to nuclear crisis in Fukushima resulting from Japan tsunami 2011. These articles discussed mainly three ethical issues in providing medical care to victims of Technological Disasters as follow: 1- Duty of care 2- Mandatory evacuationand3- Resource Allocation. CONCLUSION Victim health is the main factor for making decision and implementation of any programs during response to disasters. Mandatory Evacuation for reasons other than providing health to people (such as: maintain public order) and if bring health risk to people will be unjustified. Duty of health workers for providing care is based on General beneficence meanwhile it is necessary to provide facilities to protect them from dangers that treat them in the field. For act ethically, Health workers must have adequate preparedness for response to T-D meanwhile it is necessary to provide guidelines for individuals that participation in relief operation. It is necessary to discuss more about Technological Disaster Ethics especially in industrial countries and where there is especial industrial with potential of huge crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khaji
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center of the Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, USWR, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, AND Department of Medical Ethics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center of the Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, USWR, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, AND Department of Medical Ethics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center of the Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, USWR, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, AND Department of Medical Ethics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad A Mohagheghi
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center of the Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, USWR, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, AND Department of Medical Ethics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hammid R Khankeh
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center of the Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, USWR, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, AND Department of Medical Ethics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soheil Saadat
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center of the Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, USWR, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, AND Department of Medical Ethics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center of the Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, USWR, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, AND Department of Medical Ethics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center of the Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, USWR, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, AND Department of Medical Ethics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hashemi M, Omidi M, Muralidharan B, Smyth H, Mohagheghi MA, Mohammadi J, Milner TE. Correction to "Evaluation of the Photothermal Properties of a Reduced Graphene Oxide/Arginine Nanostructure for Near-Infrared Absorption". ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:39872. [PMID: 29099170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Emami AH, Sadighi S, Shirkoohi R, Mohagheghi MA. Prediction of Response to Irinotecan and Drug Toxicity Based on Pharmacogenomics Test: A Prospective Case Study in Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2803-2807. [PMID: 29072417 PMCID: PMC5747407 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.10.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: FOLFIRI regimen, which is composed of 5-FU, Leucovorin, and Irinotecan, is used in the first-line chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan life threatening toxicity is partly related to cytotoxic drug metabolite which is primarily inactivated by the UGT1A1 enzyme. The primary aim of the present research was to find the correlation between UGT1A1-genotype and clinical toxicity of irinotecan. Methods: In a prospective study from March 2011 to December 2013, all patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had been referred to Medical Oncology Department of Iran Cancer Institute were genotyped for UGT1A1*28 before the first cycle of chemotherapy. All of the patients signed informed consent and trial approved by Ethics Committee of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Reduction of the standard dose of Irinotecan (180 mg/m2 body surface area) was measured based on NCI toxicity criteria after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Patients with previous treatment with Oxaliplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU) in the adjuvant setting and adequate liver, kidney, and heart function were included in the trial. Both synchronous and metachronous metastatic disease were noticeable. Results: A total of 50 patients with median age of 52 years were included. Most (70%) of the patients had more than one site of metastases in peritoneum, liver, and/or lung. Thirty-one patients had UGT1A1*1 normal genotype, 13 were in heterozygote and 6 were in homozygote state ofUGT1A1*28/*28. A clinically relevant increase in early toxicity was found in patients carrying the UGT1A1*28/*28 genotype with odds Ratio (OR) of 2.6 (95%CI 2.5-27.28). Similarly, there was a trend of lower overall survival in homozygote group with an HR (Hazardous Ratio) of 2.76 (95%CI .88-.61). No statistically significant relationship was found between UGT1A1genotypes and response to therapy. Conclusions: UGT1A1 28*/28* is strongly associated with drug’s life-threatening toxicity even in a moderate dose of Irinotecan. On the other hand, UGT1A1 genotype data was not helpful to differentiate response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Emami
- Hematology-Medical Oncology Department Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hashemi M, Omidi M, Muralidharan B, Smyth H, Mohagheghi MA, Mohammadi J, Milner TE. Evaluation of the Photothermal Properties of a Reduced Graphene Oxide/Arginine Nanostructure for Near-Infrared Absorption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:32607-32620. [PMID: 28841283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) make this material a candidate for photothermal therapy. The use of rGO has been limited by low stability in aqueous media due to the lack of surface hydrophilic groups. We report synthesis of a novel form of reduced graphene-arginine (rGO-Arg) as a nanoprobe. Introduction of Arg to the surface of rGO not only increases the stability in aqueous solutions but also increases cancer cell uptake. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images are recorded to characterize the morphology of rGO-Arg. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Raman, and UV-vis spectroscopy are utilized to analyze the physiochemical properties of rGO-Arg. Interaction of rGO-Arg with 808 nm laser light has been evaluated by measuring the absorption cross section in response to periodically modulated intensity to minimize artifacts arising from lateral thermal diffusion with a material scattering matched to a low scattering optical standard. Cell toxicity and cellular uptake by MD-MB-231 cell lines provide supporting data for the potential application of rGO-Arg for photothermal therapy. Absorption cross-section results suggest rGO-Arg is an excellent NIR absorber that is 3.2 times stronger in comparison to GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Hashemi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, The University of Tehran , Tehran 14395-1561, Iran
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Meisam Omidi
- Protein Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University , GC, Velenjak, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Bharadwaj Muralidharan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hugh Smyth
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mohammad A Mohagheghi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, The University of Tehran , Tehran 14395-1561, Iran
| | - Thomas E Milner
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Rahimnia AR, Abbaspour A, Rezaei Y, Khodadadi A, Alizadeh AM, Mohagheghi MA, Semeyari H, Imani Fooladi AA, Izadi M, Keshavarz P, Yasui N. Antibiotic-coated pins for prevention of pin-tract infection: a rabbit study. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2013; 21:213-5. [PMID: 24014787 DOI: 10.1177/230949901302100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE. To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic-coated pins for prevention of pin tract infection in a rabbit model. METHODS. 10 rabbits were divided into 2 groups. A unilateral external fixator was applied to the tibia with 4 self-taping 1.8-mm pins. In the test group, pins were coated with hydroxyapatite and antibiotic. In the control group, pins were not coated. All pins were then placed in Staphylococcus aureus- containing media. At postoperative day 5, all 40 pin sites were subcutaneously inoculated with S aureus. The sites were clinically examined for signs of pin tract infection. Nine days later, a piece of soft tissue around the pin site was harvested for microbiologic examination. RESULTS. In the test group, all except one pin sites appeared clean and without clinical infection, and the culture media remained clear. In the control group, all pin sites showed evidence of clinical infection and yielded positive cultures, and the culture media became dark indicating growth of S aureus. CONCLUSION. Antibiotic-coated pins were effective in preventing pin tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Rahimnia
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hemmati M, Abbaspour A, Alizadeh AM, Khaniki M, Amanzadeh A, Mohagheghi MA, Mousavi MS. Rat xenograft chondrosarcoma development by human tissue fragment. Exp Oncol 2011; 33:52-54. [PMID: 21423096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chondrosarcoma is one of the most difficult types of cancers to diagnose and treatment. Therefore, the development of a reliable animal model for chondrosarcoma would be a helpful tool to study of the tumor's growth and progression. AIM We conducted this study to develop a chondrosarcoma on rat by graft of human chondrosarcoma tumor tissue. METHODS Fourteen male Sprague-Dawley rats equally divided in xenograft-implanted and control groups. On the lateral side of the right femur distal 1/3, 5 mm incision was done on the skin after animal anesthesia. Then, was drilled 3 mm on the bone and implanted the xenograft in the bone. Radiography was taken from the operated femur weekly until the fourth week and monthly for 3 months. Four animals of each group were sacrificed after 4 weeks of operation; femur was harvested for histopathological study. RESULTS Radiological images showed sclerotic area on the implanted bone after 4 weeks of operation. Sections from tumoral areas reveal cartilage forming hypercellular neoplastic tissue with lobular pattern of growth and foci of adjacent tissue invasion such as bone trabeculas and bone marrow. CONCLUSION the present study showed that rat xenograft chondrosarcoma can develop by human chondrosarcoma fresh tissue fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hemmati
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Keshavarz str., Tehran 1419733141, Iran
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Yavari P, Sadrolhefazi B, Mohagheghi MA, Mehrazin R. A descriptive retrospective study of bladder cancer at a hospital in Iran (1973-2003). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009; 10:681-684. [PMID: 19827894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, and it is the fourth most common cancer in males in Iran. The objective of this study was to collect, analyze, and discuss epidemiologic features of bladder cancer using data from our University hospital. METHODS A review of medical records of 603 patients with histologically confirmed primary malignant bladder tumors who were then referred and treated at the Radiation-Oncology Department during a time period 1973-2003 was performed. The topography and the histology of cases were coded and classified according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD -O) and a frequency distribution of bladder tumors by age at diagnosis, gender, histology types, was calculated. For age and cancer, mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence intervals were presented. T test and Chi-squared test with p<0.05 were used depending on the variable analyzed, using the SPSS statistical package. RESULTS Of the total, 85.2% were males and 15.0% were females (P<0.0001). The mean age of diagnosis was not significantly different between the sexes and the frequency of bladder cancer increased with age in both cases. Overall, two thirds of cases were between 50-74 years of age. For those aged 49 years and below the male to female ratio were 3.6 while after this age the ratio rose to 6.1. The most common histological diagnosis in both sexes among patients was transitional cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION The frequency distribution and histologic types of tumors were comparable with reported from other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Yavari
- Department of Health and Community, Shohada Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Evin, Iran.
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9
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Firouznia K, Amirmohseni S, Guiti M, Amanpour S, Baitollahi A, Kharadmand AA, Mohagheghi MA, Oghabian MA. MR relaxivity measurement of iron oxide nano-particles for MR lymphography applications. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:607-612. [PMID: 18817134 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.607.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the T1, T2 and T2* relaxivity of Ultrasmall Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide (USPIO) nano-particles in vitro and in vivo in rat models with magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5T. First, relaxation properties of USPIO nano-particles at different doses were measured using related SE and GRE MR imaging protocols. The relation between dose and relaxation were observed which is linear; Higher dose of the nano-particles means higher relaxivity. Based on this relation, an optimum protocol can be proposed for obtaining the best image contrast at each situation. Then detection ability of MRI protocols was studied for USPIO nano-particles with injection of the particles in the rat. The optimum MR protocols were used to observe the signal change of lymph nodes in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Firouznia
- Emam Imaging Center, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Yavari P, Sadrolhefazi B, Mohagheghi MA, Madani H, Mosavizadeh A, Nahvijou A, Mehrabi Y, Pourhseingholi MA. An epidemiological analysis of cancer data in an Iranian hospital during the last three decades. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2008; 9:145-150. [PMID: 18439094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iranian population. Descriptive epidemiology provides a better understanding of the etiology of cancer and the development strategies. The objective of this study was to collect analysis of data and discuss certain epidemiologic features of neoplasm using data from hospital. Records of 14,540 patients diagnosed for cancer during the time period 1973-2003, who were referred to the department of radiation oncology were studied. The tumors were coded and classified according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision and ICD-O. SPSS version 10 was used for statistical analysis. In this study the frequency distribution of cancer patients were computed by age of diagnosis, gender, and anatomical sites. There were 8,178 male patients (56%) and 6,365 females (44%) with a male female ratio of 1.29. Mean age was 44.5?21.6 with a median of 47 years. The mean age of diagnosis for females (43.8.?.19.7) was significantly lower than that of males (45.0?23.1) (P<0.05). The ten most frequent cancer sites among patients were breast (13.6%), brain &CNS (13.6%), skin(13.5%), haemapoitic system(9.7%), lymphoid (7.1%), esophagus (7.1%), colon & rectum (4%), male genital organs (1.3%), bladder (1.3%), lung (1.2%), and stomach (1%). These accounted for 81% of all cases. It was found that 41% of women's cancers were in the breast, female genital organs compared to 7.3%in male genital organs and breast. All tumors except the breast, female genital organs, thyroid, gallbladder and kidney cancers, were more frequent in males compared to women. The frequency of patients with cancers increased with age in both sexes. Overall 53% of cases were between 40-63 years of age. For those aged 54 and below the male to female ratio was 0.99, while after this age the ratio rose to 1.61. About 16.6% of tumors occurred in children aged 15 years or younger. More than four fifths (81%) of patients with cancer of haematopoeitic system were under age of 15 years. In conclusion, the results of this study present an important epidemiological understanding of patients with tumors. It emphasizes that gender plays an important role in the frequency of primary tumors, and how much the sex ratio varies with some types of tumors. We also noted that certain tumor types show a prediction for certain decades of life in our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Yavari
- Department of Health & Community Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fax: +98(21)22413043
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11
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Rhead JL, Letley DP, Mohammadi M, Hussein N, Mohagheghi MA, Eshagh Hosseini M, Atherton JC. A new Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin determinant, the intermediate region, is associated with gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 2007; 133:926-36. [PMID: 17854597 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of peptic ulceration and gastric adenocarcinoma. The vacuolating cytotoxin gene, vacA, is a major determinant of virulence. Two naturally polymorphic sites in vacA, the signal region and midregion, are well-characterized determinants of toxicity and markers of pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to characterize a new vacA polymorphic site, the intermediate (i) region. METHODS The vacA i-region was identified and characterized by constructing isogenic vacA exchange mutants and determining their vacuolating activity on HeLa, AGS, and RK13 cell lines. The vacA i-region types of H pylori isolates from patients undergoing routine endoscopy were determined by nucleotide sequencing and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Two i-region types were identified, i1 and i2, and both were common among 42 Western clinical isolates. Interestingly, only naturally occurring s1/m2 strains varied in i-type; s1/m1 and s2/m2 strains were exclusively i1 and i2, respectively. Vacuolation assays showed that i-type determined vacuolating activity among these s1/m2 strains, and exchange mutagenesis confirmed that the i-region itself was directly responsible. Using a simple i-region polymerase chain reaction-based typing system, it was shown for 73 Iranian patients that i1-type strains were strongly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma (P < 10(-3)). Finally, logistic regression analysis showed this association to be independent of, and larger than, associations of vacA s- or m-type or cag status with gastric adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Together these data show that the vacA i-region is an important determinant of H pylori toxicity and the best independent marker of VacA-associated pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Rhead
- Wolfson Digestive Diseases Centre and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England
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12
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Ghaffari SR, Sabokbar T, Tahmasebi S, Dastan J, Shorakae S, Moradi A, Tirgari F, Mohagheghi MA, Mosavi-Jarrahi A. Combining mammaglobin and carcinoembryonic mRNA markers for early detection of micrometastases from breast cancers--a molecular study of 59 patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2006; 7:396-8. [PMID: 17059329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As many as 30% of node-negative breast cancer patients relapse within five years, suggesting that current histological detection methods are inadequate for identifying metastatic disease. Detecting small number of cancer cells in the breast tissue or lymph node by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays using a combination of tissue and cancer specific markers might be very useful in the early detection or monitoring of the treatment. Mammaglobin is a member of the uteroglobin gene family and appears to be expressed only in breast tissue. Carcinoembryonic antigen has been the preferred molecular marker for detection of micro metastases in lymph nodes in almost all carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were collected from randomly chosen breast cancer patients undergoing modified mastectomy or breast conserving surgery between September 2003 and July 2004. RT-PCR was applied to study the expression of MMG and CEA markers. Breast cancer micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes were also assessed. RESULTS The MMG marker was positive in 9/10 normal breast tissues, 3/3 breast fibroadenomas and 37/39 of breast carcinoma tissues, giving an overall sensitivity of 94%. The sensitivity was 80% for metastatic lymph node samples. On the other hand CEA showed 95% sensitivity for malignant breast tumors and 100% sensitivity for metastatic lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS RT-PCR using a combination of MMG and CEA markers is a powerful tool to complement current routine histopathology techniques for detection of breast cancer metastasis in axillary nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed R Ghaffari
- The Cancer Institute Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1419783485, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Kiumehr S, Demehri S, Rabbani S, Amanpour S, Mohagheghi MA, Dehpour AR. Preconditioning of the rat random-pattern skin flap: modulation by opioids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 58:58-64. [PMID: 15629168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2003] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors have been implicated in protecting several organ systems from ischaemic events. The authors have studied the effects of opioid receptors on random-pattern skin flap survival. Sixty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Bipedicled dorsal skin flaps (2 x 8 cm) were elevated at the midline. Different doses of morphine (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 5 mg/flap) were administered locally in the cranial half of the flap and systemically through intraperitoneal injections (5 and 10 mg/kg). In another experiment, 0.4 mg/flap of naloxone was injected followed by 5 mg/flap injection of morphine to determine whether the effect of morphine is receptor mediated. The role of the opioid receptors in the ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) phenomenon was investigated by administration of naloxone (0.4 mg/flap) 1 h before clamping the cranial pedicle for 20 min followed by 40 min of reperfusion. Appropriate control groups were included. The cranial pedicle was cut 2 h after saline or drug administration in all groups and flap survival area was evaluated on the seventh postoperative day. Local administration of morphine in higher doses (1 and 5 mg/flap) significantly reduced the amount of flap necrosis when compared to that of the control cohort (P < 0.05). Naloxone abolished this protective effect of morphine. Furthermore naloxone significantly decreased the anti-ischaemic effect of the IPC. Systemic administrations of morphine had no significant effect on flap survival area in compare with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kiumehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Mohagheghi MA, Mosavi-Jarrahi A, Khatemi-Moghaddam M, Afhami S, Khodai S, Azemoodeh O. Community-based outpatient practice of antibiotics use in Tehran. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2005; 14:135-8. [PMID: 15630681 DOI: 10.1002/pds.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study patterns of outpatient antibiotic use in the Great Tehran, in order to develop interventional strategies in rationalizing drug and especially antibiotic use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten-percent random sample of all prescription belonging to practitioners in south of Tehran and kept in a data bank was sampled. Drug use indicators were determined in order to develop intervention program to promote rational drug use among practitioners in Tehran. Based on the values of drug use indicators, an interventional program, a program of continuing medical education (CME) targeting rational use of drugs, was designed. Eighty general practitioners (GPs) who contributed to the data bank were selected and allocated to two groups, intervention group and control group. Each group contained 40 GPs. Drug use indicators were measured in each group three times; before and in two intervals after the intervention. The indicators were compared before and after as well as between groups. RESULTS The drug use indicators determined through the data bank showed that 19% of all prescribed drugs in data bank were antibiotics, which ranked second only after 'analgesics and CNS drugs' with 24%. The drug use indicators were improved in the intervention group (the average number of drugs per encounter lowered from 4.3 +/- 0.5 pre-intervention to 3.6 +/- 0.1 six months thereafter, p value = 0.001). The percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed were lowered in intervention group compared with control group but the difference was not statistically significant. The intervention made a change to all other measured indicators but not all of them were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Irrational use of antibiotics can improve by appropriate educational intervention, using CME programs.
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Larijani B, Shirzad M, Mohagheghi MA, Haghpanah V, Mosavi-Jarrahi AR, Tavangar SM, Vassigh AR, Hossein-Nezhad A, Bandarian F, Baradar-Jalili R. Epidemiologic analysis of the Tehran Cancer Institute Data System Registry (TCIDSR). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2004; 5:36-9. [PMID: 15075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review epidemiological data on thyroid cancer in Iran. METHODS The Tehran Cancer Institute Data System Registry (TCIDSR) was used to identify patients with different histological types of thyroid cancer (TC) in Iran. Data were analysed from 438 thyroid cancer cases identified by the TCIDSR in 1998-99. Disease prevalence was calculated with reference to age, time and place. RESULTS The TCIDSR recorded 438 primary malignancies of the thyroid gland: papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinomas accounted for 67.1%, 10.7%, 5.3% and 4.3% of cases, respectively. The remaining 12.6% were classified as OD (other diagnoses). The prevalence of TC was highest in ethnic Farsis. The age range of patients was 8-85 years. Mean patient age was 44.52+17.03 years (mean + SD) overall, 47.74+18.10 years in female patients and 43.04+16.34 years in male patients. Anaplastic (6.5% vs. 3.3%) and medullary (10.0% vs. 3.0%) cancers were more common in men than women. CONCLUSION This study was undertaken to define the epidemiological aspects of thyroid carcinoma in Iran, an area of endemic iodine deficiency until fairly recently. Against expectation for an iodine-deficient area, the frequency distribution of tumours in our study was closer to that seen in iodine-rich areas. Additional research on the risk factors for thyroid cancer--genetic, ethnic, geographic and environmental--is needed to explain the high incidence of PTC overall, and among ethnic Farsis in particular, in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Larijani
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Paknejad M, Rasaee MJ, Tehrani FK, Kashanian S, Mohagheghi MA, Omidfar K, Bazl MR. Production of monoclonal antibody, PR81, recognizing the tandem repeat region of MUC1 mucin. Hybrid Hybridomics 2003; 22:153-8. [PMID: 12954100 DOI: 10.1089/153685903322286566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (MAb) was generated by immunizing BALB/c mice with homogenized breast cancerous tissues. This antibody (PR81) was found to be of IgG(1) class and subclass, containing kappa light chain. PR81 reacted with either the membrane extracts of several breast cancerous tissues or the cell surface of some MUC1 positive cell lines (MCF-7, BT-20 and T-47D) tested by enzyme immunoassay and for MCF-7 by immunofluorescence method. PR81 also reacted with two synthetic 27 and 16-amino acid peptides, TSA-P1-24 and A-P1-15, respectively, which included the core tandem repeat sequence of MUC1. However, this antibody did not react with a synthetic 14 amino acid peptide that has no similarity with tandem repeat found in MUC1. The generated antibody had good and similar affinities (2.19 x 10(8) M(-1)) toward TSA-P1-24 and A-P1-15, which are mainly shared in the hydrophilic sequence of PDTRPAP. Through Western blot analysis of homogenized breast tissues, PR81 recognized only a major band of 250 kDa. This band is stronger in malignant tissue than benign and normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paknejad
- Tarbiat Modarres University, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Yassaee VR, Zeinali S, Harirchi I, Jarvandi S, Mohagheghi MA, Hornby DP, Dalton A. Novel mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Iranian women with early-onset breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2002; 4:R6. [PMID: 12100744 PMCID: PMC116720 DOI: 10.1186/bcr443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2001] [Revised: 03/12/2002] [Accepted: 03/12/2002] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy and a major cause of death in middle-aged women. So far, germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in patients with early-onset breast and/or ovarian cancer have not been identified within the Iranian population. METHODS With the collaboration of two main centres for cancer in Iran, we obtained clinical information, family history and peripheral blood from 83 women under the age of 45 with early-onset breast cancer for scanning of germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. We analysed BRCA1 exons 11 and BRCA2 exons 10 and 11 by the protein truncation test, and BRCA1 exons 2, 3, 5, 13 and 20 and BRCA2 exons 9, 17, 18 and 23 with the single-strand conformation polymorphism assay on genomic DNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Ten sequence variants were identified: five frameshifts (putative mutations - four novel); three missense changes of unknown significance and two polymorphisms, one seen commonly in both Iranian and British populations. CONCLUSIONS Identification of these novel mutations suggests that any given population should develop a mutation database for its programme of breast cancer screening. The pattern of mutations seen in the BRCA genes seems not to differ from other populations studied. Early-onset breast cancer (less than 45 years) and a limited family history is sufficient to justify mutation screening with a detection rate of over 25% in this group, whereas sporadic early-onset breast cancer (detection rate less than 5%) is unlikely to be cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid R Yassaee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- North Trent Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Harirchi
- Iranian Centre for Breast Cancer (ICBC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghra Jarvandi
- Iranian Centre for Breast Cancer (ICBC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - David P Hornby
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ann Dalton
- North Trent Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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