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Ghamri M, Dritsas K, Probst J, Jäggi M, Psomiadis S, Schulze R, Verna C, Katsaros C, Halazonetis D, Gkantidis N. Accuracy of facial skeletal surfaces segmented from CT and CBCT radiographs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21002. [PMID: 38017262 PMCID: PMC10684569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) facial skeletal surface models derived from radiographic volumes has not been extensively investigated yet. For this, ten human dry skulls were scanned with two Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) units, a CT unit, and a highly accurate optical surface scanner that provided the true reference models. Water-filled head shells were used for soft tissue simulation during radiographic imaging. The 3D surface models that were repeatedly segmented from the radiographic volumes through a single-threshold approach were used for reproducibility testing. Additionally, they were compared to the true reference model for trueness measurement. Comparisons were performed through 3D surface approximation techniques, using an iterative closest point algorithm. Differences between surface models were assessed through the calculation of mean absolute distances (MAD) between corresponding surfaces and through visual inspection of facial surface colour-coded distance maps. There was very high reproducibility (approximately 0.07 mm) and trueness (0.12 mm on average, with deviations extending locally to 0.5 mm), and no difference between radiographic scanners or settings. The present findings establish the validity of lower radiation CBCT imaging protocols at a similar level to the conventional CT images, when 3D surface models are required for the assessment of facial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghamri
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Jeddah Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Konstantinos Dritsas
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jannis Probst
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maurus Jäggi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Symeon Psomiadis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ralf Schulze
- Division of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlalberta Verna
- Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, UZB-University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Demetrios Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Alamoudi R, Ghamri M, Mistakidis I, Gkantidis N. Sexual Dimorphism in Third Molar Agenesis in Humans with and without Agenesis of Other Teeth. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11121725. [PMID: 36552235 PMCID: PMC9774884 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in the human dentition is of interest from a developmental, evolutionary, and clinical point of view. Here, we investigated sexual dimorphism in third molar agenesis patterns and severity in non-syndromic white European individuals with (group A: 303 individuals) and without agenesis (group B: 303 individuals) of teeth other than the third molars. There was no sexual dimorphism in the patterns or the severity of third molar agenesis within groups. Both sexes showed a higher number of third molar agenesis per individual in group A than in group B. The most common third molar agenesis pattern was that of no third molars. For both females and males, bilateral third molar agenesis was approximately three times more frequent in group A than in group B (p < 0.001), whereas no difference was detected for unilateral agenesis. These findings indicate a strong genetic control of the developmental process of tooth formation, with any disruptions affecting both sexes in a similar manner. Overall, the higher vulnerability of third molar formation could be associated with the evolutionary trend in humans towards a reduced number of molar teeth, which seems to show no sex-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragda Alamoudi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed Ghamri
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-031-632-098
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Kanavakis G, Ghamri M, Gkantidis N. Novel Anterior Cranial Base Area for Voxel-Based Superimposition of Craniofacial CBCTs. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123536. [PMID: 35743607 PMCID: PMC9225157 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A standard method to assess changes in craniofacial morphology over time is through the superimposition of serial patient images. This study evaluated the reliability of a novel anterior cranial base reference area, principally including stable midline structures (EMACB) after an early age, and compared it to the total anterior cranial base (TACB) and an area including only midline structures (MACB). Fifteen pairs of pre-existing serial CBCT images acquired from growing patients were superimposed with all techniques by applying a best-fit registration algorithm of corresponding voxel intensities (Dolphin 3D software). The research outcomes were the reproducibility of each technique and the agreement between them in skeletal change detection, as well as their validity. The TACB and EMACB methods were valid, since the superimposed midline ACB structures consistently showed adequate overlap. They also presented perfect overall reproducibility (median error < 0.01 mm) and agreement (median difference < 0.01 mm). MACB showed reduced validity, higher errors, and a moderate agreement to the TACB. Thus, the EMACB method performed efficiently and mainly included the stable midline ACB structures during growth. Based on the technical, anatomical, and biological principles applied when superimposing serial 3D data to assess craniofacial changes, we recommend the EMACB method as the method of choice to fulfil this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, UZB-University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mohammed Ghamri
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-031-632-098
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Ghamri M, Kanavakis G, Gkantidis N. Reliability of Different Anterior Cranial Base Reference Areas for Voxel-Based Superimposition. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225429. [PMID: 34830711 PMCID: PMC8622398 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility and compare the outcomes of two 3D voxel-based superimposition techniques for craniofacial CBCT images, using anterior cranial base areas of different extent as references. Fifteen preexisting pairs of serial CBCTs (initial age: 11.7 ± 0.6 years; interval: 1.7 ± 0.4 years) were superimposed on total anterior cranial base (TACB) or middle anterior cranial base (MACB) structures through the Dolphin 3D software. The overlap of the reference structures was assessed visually to indicate reliability. All superimpositions were repeated by the same investigator. Outcomes were compared to assess the agreement between the two methods. Reliability was perfect for the TACB and moderate for the MACB method (p = 0.044). Both areas showed good overall reproducibility, though in individual cases there were notable differences for MACB superimpositions, ranging from −1.84 to 1.64 mm (TACB range: −0.48 to 0.31 mm). The overall agreement in the detected T0/T1 changes was also good, though it was significantly reduced for individual measurements (median < 0.01 mm, IQR: 0.46 mm, range: −2.81 to 0.73 mm). In conclusion, the voxel-based superimposition on TACB was more reliable and showed higher reproducibility than the superimposition on MACB. Thus, the extended anterior cranial base area is recommended for the assessment of craniofacial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghamri
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, UZB-University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-031-632-0985
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Ghamri M, Harkati D, Belaidi S, Boudergua S, Said RB, Linguerri R, Chambaud G, Hochlaf M. Carbazole derivatives containing chalcone analogues targeting topoisomerase II inhibition: First principles characterization and QSAR modelling. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 242:118724. [PMID: 32769058 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a series of carbazole derivatives containing chalcone analogues (CDCAs) were synthetized as potent anticancer agents and apoptosis inducers. These compounds target the inhibition of topoisomerase II and present cytotoxic activities. After comparison to experiment, we validated the use of B3LYP, a density functional theory-based approach, to describe the structure and molecular properties of the carbazole subunit and CDCAs compounds of interest. Then, we derived relationships between the chemical descriptors and activity of these carbazole derivatives using multi-parameter optimization and quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) approaches. For the QSAR studies, we used multiple linear regression and artificial neural network statistical modelling. Our predicted activities are in good agreement with the experimental ones. We found that the most important parameter influencing the activity of the considered compounds is the octanol-water partition coefficient, highlighting the importance of flexibility as a key molecular parameter to favor cell membrane crossing and enhance the action of these CDCAs against topoisomerase II. Our results provide useful guidelines for designing new oral active CDCAs medicaments for cytotoxic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghamri
- University of Biskra, Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, 07000 Biskra, Algeria; Université Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/LISIS, 5 Bd Descartes, 77454, Champs sur Marne, France
| | - D Harkati
- University of Biskra, Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - S Belaidi
- University of Biskra, Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, 07000 Biskra, Algeria.
| | - S Boudergua
- University of Biskra, Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - R Ben Said
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia.
| | - R Linguerri
- Université Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/LISIS, 5 Bd Descartes, 77454, Champs sur Marne, France
| | - G Chambaud
- Université Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/LISIS, 5 Bd Descartes, 77454, Champs sur Marne, France
| | - M Hochlaf
- Université Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/LISIS, 5 Bd Descartes, 77454, Champs sur Marne, France.
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