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Zawadzka-Knefel A, Rusak A, Mrozowska M, Machałowski T, Żak A, Haczkiewicz-Leśniak K, Kulus M, Kuropka P, Podhorska-Okołów M, Skośkiewicz-Malinowska K. Chitin scaffolds derived from the marine demosponge Aplysina fistularis stimulate the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1254506. [PMID: 38033818 PMCID: PMC10682193 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1254506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells for tissue regeneration is a prominent trend in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In particular, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have garnered considerable attention. When exposed to specific conditions, DPSCs have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Scaffolds are critical for cell differentiation because they replicate the 3D microenvironment of the niche and enhance cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. The purpose of this study is to present the biological responses of human DPSCs to a purified 3D chitin scaffold derived from the marine demosponge Aplysina fistularis and modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Responses examined included proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. The control culture consisted of the human osteoblast cell line, hFOB 1.19. Electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of the cells (transmission electron microscopy) and the surface of the scaffold (scanning electron microscopy). Cell adhesion to the scaffolds was determined by neutral red and crystal violet staining methods. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay was used for assessing osteoblast/odontoblast differentiation. We evaluated the expression of osteogenic marker genes by performing ddPCR for ALP, RUNX2, and SPP1 mRNA expression levels. The results show that the chitin biomaterial provides a favorable environment for DPSC and hFOB 1.19 cell adhesion and supports both cell proliferation and differentiation. The chitin scaffold, especially with HAp modification, isolated from A. fistularis can make a significant contribution to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zawadzka-Knefel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Machałowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Żak
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Kulus
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Rodak O, Mrozowska M, Rusak A, Gomułkiewicz A, Piotrowska A, Olbromski M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Ugorski M, Dzięgiel P. Targeting SOX18 Transcription Factor Activity by Small-Molecule Inhibitor Sm4 in Non-Small Lung Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11316. [PMID: 37511076 PMCID: PMC10379584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX18 has been shown to play a crucial role in lung cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the effect of Sm4, a SOX18 inhibitor, on cell cycle regulation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines LXF-289 and SK-MES-1, as well as normal human lung fibroblast cell line IMR-90. Our results demonstrated that Sm4 treatment induced cytotoxic effects on all three cell lines, with a greater effect observed in NSCLC adenocarcinoma cells. Sm4 treatment led to S-phase cell accumulation and upregulation of p21, a key regulator of the S-to-G2/M phase transition. While no significant changes in SOX7 or SOX17 protein expression were observed, Sm4 treatment resulted in a significant upregulation of SOX17 gene expression. Furthermore, our findings suggest a complex interplay between SOX18 and p21 in the context of lung cancer, with a positive correlation observed between SOX18 expression and p21 nuclear presence in clinical tissue samples obtained from lung cancer patients. These results suggest that Sm4 has the potential to disrupt the cell cycle and target cancer cell growth by modulating SOX18 activity and p21 expression. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the relationship between SOX18 and p21 in lung cancer and to explore the therapeutic potential of SOX18 inhibition in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rodak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Ugorski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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Rusak A, Buzalewicz I, Mrozowska M, Wiatrak B, Haczkiewicz-Leśniak K, Olbromski M, Kmiecik A, Krzyżak E, Pietrowska A, Moskal J, Podhorska-Okołów M, Podbielska H, Dzięgiel P. Multimodal study of CHI3L1 inhibition and its effect on angiogenesis, migration, immune response and refractive index of cellular structures in glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114520. [PMID: 36921538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumours with a poor response to treatment and a poor prognosis for patients. One of the proteins expressed in glioblastoma tissue is CHI3L1 (YKL-40), which is upregulated and known for its angiogenesis-supporting and pro-tumour immunomodulatory effects in a variety of cancers. In this paper we present the anti-angiogenic, anti-migratory and immunomodulatory effects of the compound G721-0282, an inhibitor of CHI3L1. The inhibitor-induced changes were investigated using conventional techniques as well as the novel label-free digital holographic tomography (DHT), a quantitative phase imaging technique that allows the reconstruction of the refractive index (RI), which is used as an image contrast for 3D visualisation of living cells. DHT allowed digital staining of individual cells and intercellular structures based only on their specific RI. Quantitative spatially resolved analysis of the RI data shows that the concentration of G721-0282 leads to significant changes in the density of cells and their intracellular structures (in particular the cytoplasm and nucleus), in the volume of lipid droplets and in protein concentrations. Studies in the U-87 MG glioblastoma cell line, THP-1 monocytes differentiated into macrophages, human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and in the spheroid model of glioblastoma composed of U-87 MG, HMEC-1 and macrophages suggest that inhibition of CHI3L1 may have potential in the antitumour treatment of glioblastoma. In this paper, we also propose a spheroid model for in vitro studies that mimics this type of tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Igor Buzalewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2 Street, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Haczkiewicz-Leśniak
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Alicja Kmiecik
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Edward Krzyżak
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Pietrowska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Moskal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, S. Przybyszewskiego 49 St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Halina Podbielska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, I. Paderewskiego 35 Al., 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Popiel-Kopaczyk A, Grzegrzolka J, Piotrowska A, Olbromski M, Smolarz B, Romanowicz H, Rusak A, Mrozowska M, Dziegiel P, Podhorska-Okolow M, Kobierzycki C. The Expression of Testin, Ki-67 and p16 in Cervical Cancer Diagnostics. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:490-500. [PMID: 36661518 PMCID: PMC9857082 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Testin is a protein expressed in normal human tissues, being responsible, with other cytoskeleton proteins, for the proper functioning of cell−cell junction areas and focal adhesion plaques. It takes part in the regulation of actin filament changes during cell spreading and motility. Loss of heterozygosity in the testin-encoding gene results in altered protein expression in many malignancies, as partly described for cervical cancer. The aim of our study was the assessment of the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of testin in cervical cancer and its analysis in regard to clinical data as well the expression of the Ki-67 antigen and p16 protein. Moreover, testin expression was assessed by Western blot (WB) in commercially available cell lines. The IHC analysis disclosed that the expression of testin inversely correlated with p16 (r = −0.2104, p < 0.0465) and Ki-67 expression (r = −0.2359, p < 0.0278). Moreover, weaker testin expression was observed in cancer cases vs. control ones (p < 0.0113). The WB analysis of testin expression in the cervical cancer cell lines corresponded to the IHC results and showed a weaker expression compared to that in the control cell line. When we compared the expression of testin in cervical cancer cell lines, we found a weaker expression in HPV-negative cell lines. In summary, we found that the intensity of testin expression and the number of positive cells inversely correlated with the expression of Ki-67 (a marker of proliferation) and p16 (a marker of cell cycle dysregulation). This study shows that the combined assessment of testin, Ki-67 and p16 expression may improve cervical cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Popiel-Kopaczyk
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jedrzej Grzegrzolka
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Smolarz
- Department of Pathology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna Romanowicz
- Department of Pathology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Christopher Kobierzycki
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Dziadkowiak E, Baczyńska D, Wieczorek M, Olbromski M, Moreira H, Mrozowska M, Budrewicz S, Dzięgiel P, Barg E, Koszewicz M. miR-31-5p as a Potential Circulating Biomarker and Tracer of Clinical Improvement for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2023; 2023:2305163. [PMID: 37077658 PMCID: PMC10110370 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2305163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are endogenous, small noncoding RNA molecules that play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs are involved in many biological processes such as proliferation, cell differentiation, neovascularization, and apoptosis. Studies on microRNA expression may contribute to a better understanding of the pathomechanism of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and consequently enable the development of new therapeutic measures using antisense miRNAs (antagomirs). In this study, we evaluated the level of miR-31-5p in the serum of patients with CIDP and its correlation with the miR-31-5p level and clinical presentation and electrophysiological and biochemical parameters. Methods The study group consisted of 48 patients, mean age 61.60 ± 11.76, who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of a typical variant of CIDP. The expression of miR-31-5p in patient serum probes was investigated by droplet digital PCR. The results were correlated with neurophysiological findings and the patient's clinical and biochemical parameters. Results The mean copy number of miRNA-31 in 100 μl serum was 1288.64 ± 2001.02 in the CIDP group of patients, while in the control group, it was 3743.09 ± 4026.90. There was a significant positive correlation (0.426) between IgIV treatment duration and miR-31-5p expression. Patients without IgIV treatment showed significantly lower levels of miR-31 compared to the treated group (259.44 ± 304.02 vs. 1559.48 ± 2168.45; p = 0.002). The group of patients with body weight > 80 kg showed statistically significantly lower levels of miRNA-31-5p than the patients with lower body weight (934.37 ± 1739.66 vs. 1784.62 ± 2271.62, respectively; p = 0.014). Similarly, the patients with elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein levels had significantly higher miRNA-31-5p expression than those with normal protein levels (1393.93 ± 1932.27 vs. 987.38 ± 2364.10, respectively; p = 0.044). Conclusion The results may support the hypothesis that miR-31-5p is strongly involved in the autoimmune process in CIDP. The positive correlation between higher miR-31-5p levels and duration of IVIg treatment may be an additional factor explaining the efficacy of prolonged IVIg therapy in CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Dziadkowiak
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Baczyńska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wieczorek
- Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Wroclaw, Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Helena Moreira
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Budrewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Barg
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Koszewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Górnicki T, Lambrinow J, Mrozowska M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Dzięgiel P, Grzegrzółka J. Role of RBMS3 Novel Potential Regulator of the EMT Phenomenon in Physiological and Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810875. [PMID: 36142783 PMCID: PMC9503485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein 3 (RBMS3) plays a significant role in embryonic development and the pathogenesis of many diseases, especially cancer initiation and progression. The multiple roles of RBMS3 are conditioned by its numerous alternative expression products. It has been proven that the main form of RBMS3 influences the regulation of microRNA expression or stabilization. The absence of RBMS3 activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The expression of c-Myc, another target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, is correlated with the RBMS3 expression. Numerous studies have focused solely on the interaction of RBMS3 with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) protein machinery. EMT plays a vital role in cancer progression, in which RBMS3 is a new potential regulator. It is also significant that RBMS3 may act as a prognostic factor of overall survival (OS) in different types of cancer. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the role of RBMS3 in physiological and pathological processes, with particular emphasis on carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of RBMS3 are not fully understood; hence, a broader explanation and understanding is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Górnicki
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Lambrinow
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Grzegrzółka
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Tronina T, Mrozowska M, Bartmańska A, Popłoński J, Sordon S, Huszcza E. Simple and Rapid Method for Wogonin Preparation and Its Biotransformation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168973. [PMID: 34445678 PMCID: PMC8396506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wogonin is one of the most active flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (baikal skullcap), widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It exhibits a broad spectrum of health-promoting and therapeutic activities. Together with baicalein, it is considered to be the one of main active ingredients of Chinese medicines for the management of COVID-19. However, therapeutic use of wogonin may be limited due to low market availability connected with its low content in baikal skullcap and lack of efficient preparative methods for obtaining this compound. Although the amount of wogonin in skullcap root often does not exceed 0.5%, this material is rich in wogonin glucuronide, which may be used as a substrate for wogonin production. In the present study, a rapid, simple, cheap and effective method of wogonin and baicalein preparation, which provides gram quantities of both flavonoids, is proposed. The obtained wogonin was used as a substrate for biotransformation. Thirty-six microorganisms were tested in screening studies. The most efficient were used in enlarged scale transformations to determine metabolism of this xenobiotic. The major phase I metabolism product was 4′-hydroxywogonin—a rare flavonoid which exhibits anticancer activity—whereas phase II metabolism products were glucosides of wogonin. The present studies complement and extend the knowledge on the effect of substitution of A- and B-ring on the regioselective glycosylation of flavonoids catalyzed by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.B.); (J.P.); (S.S.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71320-5019
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Bartmańska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.B.); (J.P.); (S.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Jarosław Popłoński
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.B.); (J.P.); (S.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Sandra Sordon
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.B.); (J.P.); (S.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Ewa Huszcza
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.B.); (J.P.); (S.S.); (E.H.)
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Kukolowicz P, Mrozowska M. EP-1552: What dose distribution metrics in the PTV can be used instead of the generalized Equivalent Uniform Dose? Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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