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Amishima M, Munakata M, Nasuhara Y, Sato A, Takahashi T, Homma Y, Kawakami Y. Expression of epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in the asthmatic human airway. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:1907-12. [PMID: 9620926 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.157.6.9609040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic airway inflammation, one of the pathophysiologic features of bronchial asthma, is suspected to be responsible for irreversible pathological changes of airways, called airway remodeling. To examine the mechanisms of airway remodeling in asthma, we investigated the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor immunohistochemically in asthmatic human airways. Airway specimens from seven patients with asthma were obtained from autopsied and surgically resected lungs. Control specimens were obtained from lungs of eight subjects without asthma and other pulmonary complications at autopsy. We stained those specimens by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method with anti-human polyclonal EGF antibody and monoclonal EGF receptor antibodies. Three different portions of airways-large bronchi (about 1 cm in diameter), small bronchi (about 3 mm in diameter), and peripheral airways (less than 2 mm in diameter)-were examined. The thickness of the bronchial smooth muscle and basement membrane was significantly greater in the asthmatic airways than in controls. Clear immunoreactivities of EGF were widely observed on bronchial epithelium, glands, and smooth muscle in asthmatic airways. In the controls, the bronchial epithelium and the bronchial glands partially expressed faint EGF immunoreactivity. For the EGF receptor, clear immunoreactivities were also observed on bronchial epithelium, glands, smooth muscle, and basement membrane in asthmatic airways. In control airways, only part of the bronchial epithelium and smooth muscle weakly expressed EGF receptor immunoreactivity. These results suggest a possible contribution of EGF to the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma, including airway remodeling.
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Imai Y, Abe K, Sasaki S, Minami N, Nihei M, Munakata M, Murakami O, Matsue K, Sekino H, Miura Y. Altered circadian blood pressure rhythm in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Hypertension 1988; 12:11-9. [PMID: 3397172 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.12.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The circadian blood pressure rhythm was compared in patients with Cushing's syndrome, essential hypertension, and primary aldosteronism. In patients with essential hypertension or primary aldosteronism, a clear nocturnal fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate was observed. This fall was seen in untreated subjects as well as in patients receiving combined treatment with a calcium antagonist, diuretic, converting enzyme inhibitor, alpha-blocker and beta-blocker, or sympatholytic drug. In these groups, there was a positive correlation between heart rate and systolic or diastolic blood pressure. On the other hand, in patients with Cushing's syndrome, there was no nocturnal fall in blood pressure but in some patients a rise was observed. In all patients there was a nocturnal fall in heart rate. Thus, there was no significant correlation between heart rate and blood pressure in these patients. Exogenous glucocorticoid eliminated the normal nocturnal fall of blood pressure in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. These results suggest that the changed circadian blood pressure pattern in patients with Cushing's syndrome is not due to antihypertensive treatment or to the mineralocorticoid excess accompanying this disease, but it is attributable to excess glucocorticoid or the associated disturbance in the adrenocorticotropic hormone-glucocorticoid system (or both). This conclusion also implies that the normal circadian rhythm of blood pressure may be regulated at least in part by the adrenocorticotropic hormone-glucocorticoid system.
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Imai Y, Nagai K, Sakuma M, Sakuma H, Nakatsuka H, Satoh H, Minami N, Munakata M, Hashimoto J, Yamagishi T. Ambulatory blood pressure of adults in Ohasama, Japan. Hypertension 1993; 22:900-12. [PMID: 8244523 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.22.6.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We performed a cross-sectional study in a small town in northern Japan to evaluate the distribution, reference values, and daily variation in ambulatory blood pressure. A total of 705 subjects (229 men aged 61.3 +/- 13.4 years [mean +/- SD] and 476 women aged 57.5 +/- 13.3 years; 41.1% of the regional adult population, n = 1716), including those treated with antihypertensive drugs (n = 231, 66.5 +/- 9.5 years) as well as untreated subjects (n = 474, 55.0 +/- 13.5 years), participated in the study. Both ambulatory and screening blood pressures were measured in 659 subjects. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured with an automatic device (Colin ABPM-630). The 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in the total population was 121.7 +/- 13.0/71.1 +/- 7.6 mm Hg (95th percentile value [95%] = 146/85 mm Hg). The corresponding value in the untreated subjects was 119.4 +/- 12.5/70.1 +/- 7.4 mm Hg (95% = 144/83 mm Hg). The 24-hour average ambulatory blood pressure was 118.0 +/- 11.1/69.4 +/- 6.8 mm Hg (95% = 139/81 mm Hg) in subjects identified as normotensive by their screening blood pressure (n = 448, 57.2 +/- 13.1 years) and 133.6 +/- 14.2/78.9 +/- 8.8 mm Hg in those identified as hypertensive by their screening blood pressure (n = 73, 63.1 +/- 10.6 years). Based on the mean+SD of the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in the normotensive subjects by their screening blood pressure (129/76 mm Hg), the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures in 25 (34.2%) of these 73 hypertensive subjects by screening blood pressure were below this level. Nine (2%) of 448 normotensive subjects by screening blood pressure were above the mean+2 SDs (140/83 mm Hg) of the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in the normotensive group by screening blood pressure. Ambulatory and screening blood pressures increased with age. The age-dependent increase in ambulatory blood pressure was less apparent in men. The 24-hour average pulse rate decreased with age. The daily variation in ambulatory blood pressure (standard deviation) increased with age, whereas that of pulse rate decreased with age. Increases in blood pressure variation were observed in nighttime and daytime blood pressure values. The differences between day versus night ambulatory blood pressures decreased with age in men but not in women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Imai Y, Satoh H, Nagai K, Sakuma M, Sakuma H, Minami N, Munakata M, Hashimoto J, Yamagishi T, Watanabe N. Characteristics of a community-based distribution of home blood pressure in Ohasama in northern Japan. J Hypertens 1993; 11:1441-9. [PMID: 8133026 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199312000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the distribution, reference values and day-to-day variation of blood pressure of untreated subjects measured at home. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of a cohort. SETTING General community in northern Japan. SUBJECTS Blood pressure was measured in 871 subjects (mean +/- SD age 46.0 +/- 19.5 years, range 7-98, constituting 38.7% of the local population of Uchikawama region, Ohasama) who were not receiving antihypertensive medication. METHODS Subjects measured their own blood pressure at home at least three times (mean +/- SD 19.7 +/- 8.4) each morning using a semi-automatic oscillometric blood pressure measuring device. Screening blood pressure was measured once. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Distribution of home blood pressure in the study population as a whole and with respect to age and sex, and the distribution of day-to-day variation of home blood pressure were determined. RESULTS Mean home blood pressure was 117.3 +/- 13.4/69.3 +/- 9.7 mmHg (95% confidence interval 116.4-118.2/68.7-70.0). The 95th centile value was 143/85 mmHg, mean+SD 131/79 mmHg and mean + 2SD 144/89 mmHg. Mean screening blood pressure was 126.2 +/- 18.9/72.1 +/- 11.7 mmHg (95th centile 159/92 mmHg). Age- and sex-specific 95th centile values as well as mean +/- SD were obtained. Mean+SD, mean + 2SD and the 95th centile values obtained as reference upper limits of home blood pressure from subjects identified as normotensive by screening blood pressure (n = 707) were 125/77, 137/86 and 134/83 mmHg, respectively. Home blood pressure increased gradually with increasing age in both men and women, although blood pressure was significantly higher in men until 50 years of age. Day-to-day variation of home systolic blood pressure also increased with age. CONCLUSION Since the distribution of home blood pressure values was affected by age and sex, age- and sex-matched reference values for home blood pressure should be established. Home blood pressure values in elderly subjects should be evaluated carefully, since these exhibit greater day-to-day variation.
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Imai Y, Sasaki S, Minami N, Munakata M, Hashimoto J, Sakuma H, Sakuma M, Watanabe N, Imai K, Sekino H. The accuracy and performance of the A&D TM 2421, a new ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device based on the cuff-oscillometric method and the Korotkoff sound technique. Am J Hypertens 1992; 5:719-26. [PMID: 1418835 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/5.10.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The accuracy and performance of the A&D TM 2421, a new ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring device using both the cuff-oscillometric method (O) and the Korotkoff sound method (K) were evaluated. The device was tested for accuracy under static and dynamic conditions by simultaneous comparison with two observers using a standard mercury column sphygmomanometer (standard method) and by the objective recording method (ORM). The performance of the device was also evaluated under ordinary ambulatory conditions. The mean differences in BP of standard method from K-method were -1.2 +/- 4.7 mm Hg systole and 1.3 +/- 4.7 mm Hg diastole (n = 323, mean +/- SD) and those of standard method from O-method were -0.4 +/- 5.3 mm Hg systole and 1.4 +/- 5.1 mm Hg diastole (n = 323). The agreement between each of the two methods of the device and the standard method was within 10 mm Hg for more than 90% of both systolic and diastolic readings. During bicycle exercise, the mean differences in BP of standard method from K-method were -3.4 +/- 4.8 mm Hg systole and 1.8 +/- 5.2 mm Hg diastole (n = 71) and those of standard method from O-method were -1.1 +/- 7.3 mm Hg systole and 1.7 +/- 7.8 mm Hg diastole (n = 67). There was a greater scatter in the individual comparisons of the device and the standard method during exercise, especially in diastolic BP. The relation between the device and ORM was almost similar to that between the device and the standard method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Imai Y, Abe K, Sasaki S, Minami N, Munakata M, Sakuma H, Hashimoto J, Sekino H, Imai K, Yoshinaga K. Clinical evaluation of semiautomatic and automatic devices for home blood pressure measurement: comparison between cuff-oscillometric and microphone methods. J Hypertens 1989; 7:983-90. [PMID: 2628499 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-198912000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The accuracy and reliability of blood pressure (BP) values were evaluated by comparing values obtained with eight automatic or semiautomatic devices designed for home BP measurement (four microphone devices based on the Korotkoff-sound technique and four cuff-oscillometric devices) with those obtained by the auscultatory method, using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) values obtained using the microphone devices coincided well with those obtained by the auscultatory method. However, these devices produced a certain proportion of errors in the measurement of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), sometimes resulting in recordings at least 25 mmHg higher than those obtained by the standard method. The most frequent causes of this phenomenon were an auscultatory (silent) gap and a weak Korotkoff sound after phase IV. A microphone device using a condenser microphone built into the manometer displayed comparatively good acoustic characteristics for determining DBP. All cuff-oscillometric devices demonstrated minimal mean differences and a constant s.d. of mean difference for DBP, with no great differences from the auscultatory method. However, mean differences and s.d.s in SBP measurements using cuff-oscillometric devices were relatively greater than those obtained using some of the microphone devices. Furthermore, the direction of the mean differences in measurements from those obtained with the auscultatory method differed. The error in relation to the auscultatory method tended to be reproducible in the same subjects with both the microphone and the cuff-oscillometric devices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Takeshita Y, Watanabe T, Sakata T, Munakata M, Ishibashi H, Akaike N. Histamine modulates high-voltage-activated calcium channels in neurons dissociated from the rat tuberomammillary nucleus. Neuroscience 1998; 87:797-805. [PMID: 9759967 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of histamine on high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels in the histaminergic neurons acutely dissociated from the rat tuberomammillary nucleus were investigated in the nystatin-perforated patch recording mode under voltage-clamp conditions. Histamine suppressed the high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channel currents in neurons which were positive for histidine decarboxylase with immunocytochemistry. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration and maximum inhibition were 2.6 x 10(-7) M and 16.6+/-1.90%, respectively. An H3 receptor agonist, R(-)-alpha-methylhistamine, mimicked the response to histamine, and thioperamide, an H3 receptor antagonist, inhibited the response to histamine. On the other hand, neither 2-methylhistamine, an H1 receptor agonist, nor dimaprit, an H2 receptor agonist, had a significant effect on the Ca2+ channel currents. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin blocked the inhibitory effect of histamine on Ca2+ channels, suggesting the involvement of Gi/Go proteins in the action of histamine. Omega-conotoxin-GVIA, omega-agatoxin-IVA, nicardipine, and omega-conotoxin-MVIIC blocked the high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channel currents by 15.6, 4.3, 27.1, and 31.2% of the total current, respectively, suggesting the existence of N-, P-, L-, and Q-type Ca2+ channels. A current that was insensitive to these blockers was also found. This residual current, "R-type", was completely suppressed by the addition of 200 microM Cd2+. Histamine significantly inhibited both the N- and P-type current components among these five types of Ca2+ channel currents. We concluded that histamine suppresses the N- and P-type Ca2+ channels in histaminergic neurons through an H3 receptor which is linked to a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein.
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Munakata M, Huang I, Mitzner W, Menkes H. Protective role of epithelium in the guinea pig airway. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1989; 66:1547-52. [PMID: 2732146 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1989.66.4.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed an in vitro system to assess the role of the epithelium in regulating airway tone using the intact guinea pig trachea (J. Appl. Physiol. 64: 466-471, 1988). This method allows us to study the response of the airway when its inner epithelial surface or its outer serosal surface is stimulated independently. Using this system we evaluated how the presence of intact epithelium can affect pharmacological responsiveness. We first examined responses of tracheae with intact epithelium to histamine, acetylcholine, and hypertonic KCl when stimulated from the epithelial or serosal side. We then examined the effect of epithelial denudation on the responses to these agonists. With an intact epithelium, stimulation of the inner epithelial side always caused significantly smaller changes in diameter than stimulation of the outer serosal side. After mechanical denudation of the epithelium, these differences were almost completely abolished. In the absence of intact epithelium, the trachea was 35-fold more sensitive to histamine and 115-fold more sensitive to acetylcholine when these agents were applied to the inner epithelial side. In addition, the presence of an intact epithelium almost completely inhibited any response to epithelial side challenge with hypertonic KCl. These results indicate that the airway epithelial layer has a potent protective role in airway responses to luminal side stimuli, leading us to speculate that changes in airway reactivity measured in various conditions including asthma may result in part from changes in epithelial function.
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Imai Y, Munakata M, Tsuji I, Ohkubo T, Satoh H, Yoshino H, Watanabe N, Nishiyama A, Onodera N, Kato J, Sekino M, Aihara A, Kasai Y, Abe K. Seasonal variation in blood pressure in normotensive women studied by home measurements. Clin Sci (Lond) 1996; 90:55-60. [PMID: 8697706 DOI: 10.1042/cs0900055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
1. The factors influencing the seasonal variation in blood pressure measured at home in normotensive women were examined. 2. Sixteen female subjects (56.3 +/- 7.9 years old, mean +/- SD) measured their blood pressure and pulse rate at home each morning for more than 20 times per month for at least 1.5 years. Blood pressure and body weight were also determined in the office once or twice a month in that period. Monthly means of outdoor and indoor temperatures and daytime length were obtained from the Meteorological Observatory. The single cosinor method was used to evaluate circannual rhythm. 3. We observed a biphasic seasonal variation in self-recorded blood pressure measured at home, environmental temperature and daytime length but found no apparent seasonal variation in body weight and blood pressure measured in the office. The lowest levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured at home were observed in July. The longest daytime length was recorded in June, while the highest outdoor temperature and indoor temperature were recorded in August, indicating that the longest daytime length preceded and the highest environmental temperature lagged behind the lowest level of blood pressure. The shortest daytime length is in December. The lowest outdoor and indoor temperature were observed in January, while the highest levels of self-recorded systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were in January and December, respectively. Half-amplitudes of self-recorded systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 2.6 +/- 1.0 mmHg and 2.0 +/- 0.8 mmHg, respectively. 4. These findings indicate the importance of a seasonal effect, i.e. daytime length and the environmental temperature, on the blood pressure of individuals.
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Ohtsuka Y, Munakata M, Tanimura K, Ukita H, Kusaka H, Masaki Y, Doi I, Ohe M, Amishima M, Homma Y. Smoking promotes insidious and chronic farmer's lung disease, and deteriorates the clinical outcome. Intern Med 1995; 34:966-71. [PMID: 8563097 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.34.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of serum precipitating antibodies for farmer's lung disease (FLD) is lower in smokers than in nonsmokers and FLD predominates in nonsmokers, the affects of smoking on the clinical course of the disease is not known. We compared the clinical findings and the prognosis between 12 smokers (SM-FLD) and 31 non-smokers with FLD (NS-FLD). There was no difference in age, sex, working years on farm, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, radiographic findings, between the two groups. However, for the type of onset on the first visit for FLD, "acute single episode" type was less common, and "recurrent" and "insidious onset" types were more common in SM-FLD than in NS-FLD (8.3 vs 58.1, 91.7 vs 41.9%, respectively, p < 0.05). Although working status and mask wearing status were not significantly different between the two groups after the diagnosis of FLD, patients with symptoms and/or radiographic abnormalities of FLD of more than 6 months were found more frequently in SM-FLD than in NS-FLD (66.7 vs 19.4%, p < 0.005). And also SM-FLD had more recurrences of FLD than NS-FLD after the initial diagnosis of FLD (1.58 +/- 1.56 vs 0.47 +/- 1.07, p < 0.05). SM-FLD tended to have lower % VC than NS-FLD (73.6 +/- 7.4 vs 88.5 +/- 3.9%, respectively, p = 0.06). Regarding the prognosis, the 10-year survival rates were 70.7% in SM-FLD, and 91.5% in NS-FLD (p < 0.05). These results suggest that smoking may make FLD insidious and chronic, and deteriorates the clinical outcome.
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Sakamoto T, Hatsuoka S, Stock UA, Duebener LF, Lidov HG, Holmes GL, Sperling JS, Munakata M, Laussen PC, Jonas RA. Prediction of safe duration of hypothermic circulatory arrest by near-infrared spectroscopy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 122:339-50. [PMID: 11479508 DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2001.115242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypothermic circulatory arrest is widely used for adults with aortic arch disease as well as for children with congenital heart disease. At present, no method exists for monitoring safe duration of circulatory arrest. Near-infrared spectroscopy is a new technique for noninvasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation and energy state. In the current study, the relationship between near-infrared spectroscopy data and neurologic outcome was evaluated in a survival piglet model with hypothermic circulatory arrest. METHODS Thirty-six piglets (9.36 +/- 0.16 kg) underwent circulatory arrest under varying conditions with continuous monitoring by near-infrared spectroscopy (temperature 15 degrees C or 25 degrees C, hematocrit value 20% or 30%, circulatory arrest time 60, 80, or 100 minutes). Each setting included 3 animals. Neurologic recovery was evaluated daily by neurologic deficit score and overall performance category. Brain was fixed in situ on postoperative day 4 and examined by histologic score. RESULTS Oxygenated hemoglobin signal declined to a plateau (nadir) during circulatory arrest. Time to nadir was significantly shorter with lower hematocrit value (P <.001) and higher temperature (P <.01). Duration from reaching nadir until reperfusion ("oxygenated hemoglobin signal nadir time") was significantly related to histologic score (r (s) = 0.826), neurologic deficit score (r (s) = 0.717 on postoperative day 1; 0.716 on postoperative day 4), and overall performance category (r (s) = 0.642 on postoperative day 1; 0.702 on postoperative day 4) (P <.001). All animals in which oxygenated hemoglobin signal nadir time was less than 25 minutes were free of behavioral or histologic evidence of brain injury. CONCLUSION Oxygenated hemoglobin signal nadir time determined by near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring is a useful predictor of safe duration of circulatory arrest. Safe duration of hypothermic circulatory arrest is strongly influenced by perfusate hematocrit value and temperature during circulatory arrest.
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Ino I, Zhong JC, Munakata M, Kuroda-Sowa T, Maekawa M, Suenaga Y, Kitamori Y. 2-D interwoven and 3-D 5-fold interpenetrating silver(I) complexes of 1-(isocyanidomethyl)-1H-benzotriazole and 1,3-bis(dicyanomethylidene)indan. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:4273-9. [PMID: 11196922 DOI: 10.1021/ic000459u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents novel and distinctive organosilver polymers with intriguing structure motifs, constructed from iodoacetonitrile (L1), 1-(isocyanidomethyl)-1H-benzotriazole (L2), 1,3-bis(dicyanomethylidene)indan (L3), and silver(I) salts, respectively. Treatment of L1 with AgClO4 generated [Ag(L1)(ClO4)]n (1), whose X-ray determination revealed a 2-D wavy sheet structure with square grids. Reaction of L2 with AgPF6 gave rise to a novel 2-D wavy interwoven network, ([Ag(L2)(PO2F2)0.5])n (2). The complex [Ag2(L3)2]n (3) obtained by reaction of AgClO4 with L3 can be regarded as unprecedented 3-D 5-fold interpenetrating nets with columnar aromatic stacks and indicates semiconductive behavior. The IR, ESR spectroscopic results, conductivities, and structural features of the complexes are discussed, respectively. The present findings may provide insight into the coordination versatility of silver(I) and polynitrile ligands and an inspiration for the self-assembly of novel supramolecular networks with multifunctional ligands. Crystal data: 1, C2H2AgINClO4, orthorhombic, Pca2(1) (No. 29), a = 14.503(1) A, b = 5.104(2) A, c = 10.2019(9) A, Z = 4; 2, C8H6AgN4PF4O, orthorhombic, Pnna (No. 52), a = 12.2705(3) A, b = 21.150(1) A, c = 10.040(1) A, Z = 8; 3, C30H10Ag2N8, triclinic, P1 (No. 2), a = 14.920(2) A, b = 11.896(2) A, c = 7.400(4) A, alpha = 86.55(2) degrees, beta = 80.87(2) degrees, gamma = 74.47(1) degrees, Z = 2.
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Munakata M, Mitzner W, Menkes H. Osmotic stimuli induce epithelial-dependent relaxation in the guinea pig trachea. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1988; 64:466-71. [PMID: 3356665 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1988.64.1.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelium in airways, like endothelium in blood vessels, may regulate responses of adjacent smooth muscle. To study the intact trachea from guinea pigs we developed an in vitro preparation that permits independent stimulation from either the inner epithelial surface or the outer serosal surface. The whole guinea pig trachea was excised, cannulated, and perfused at a constant flow with Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution that was in direct contact with the inner epithelial-lined surface. The outer serosal surface of the trachea was immersed in a separate system (bath) containing KH solution. Tracheal responses were assessed by measuring the pressure drop between the tracheal inlet and the outlet under conditions of constant flow. When the trachea was precontracted with carbachol or KCl, hyperosmolar stimuli (KCl, mannitol, urea, or NaCl) produced concentration-dependent relaxation when applied to the inner epithelial surface. Relaxation was not produced when the hyperosmolar stimulus was applied to the serosal surface and was markedly reduced or abolished when the epithelial surface had been physically damaged or removed. These results indicate that hyperosmotic stimuli induce epithelial-dependent relaxation of trachea. A defect in this mechanism may be partially responsible for the bronchoconstriction seen in asthmatic subjects after exercise.
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Munakata M, Ichi S, Nunokawa T, Saito Y, Ito N, Fukudo S, Yoshinaga K. Influence of night shift work on psychologic state and cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses in healthy nurses. Hypertens Res 2001; 24:25-31. [PMID: 11213026 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.24.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Night shift work has often been associated with increasing degree and frequency of various psychologic complaints. The study examined whether psychologic states after night work are related to adaptive alterations of the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems. We studied 18 healthy nurses (age 29+/-2 years) engaged in a modified rapid shift rotation system (day work, 8:15-17:15; evening work, 16:00-22:00; night work, 21:30-8:30). Blood pressure, heart rate, RR interval variability (L/H and HF power spectrum for sympathetic and vagal activities), and physical activity were measured using a multibiomedical recorder for 24 h from the start of work during the night and day shifts. Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were measured at the end of each shift and at 8:30 AM on a day of rest. Each subject's psychologic state was assessed using a validated questionnaire. Among the parameters measured, scores for confusion, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue and tension-anxiety were highest, and scores for vigor lowest, after a night shift. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate during work were lower during night shift than during day shift (119+/-2 vs. 123+/-1 mmHg, p<0.05 and 75+/-1 vs. 84+/-2 bpm, p<0.001, respectively). Both parameters were lower still (p<0.005 and p<0.05) when measured outside of the hospital under waking conditions following a night shift than following a day shift, even though the levels of physical activity were similar. The HF power spectrum of RR interval variability was greater not only during work (24.2+/-2.1 vs. 18.5+/-1.8 ms, p<0.005) but also during the awake period (29.1+/-2.5 vs. 24.4+/-2.6 ms, p<0.005) after the night shift compared with the day shift. Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were lower after night work than in the day of rest (7.3+/-1.2 vs. 11.5+/-2.3 pg/ml, p<0.1 and 11.1+/-1.1 vs. 14.4+/-1.1 mg/dl, p< 0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures during night shift work and the subsequent awake period correlated positively with scores for vigor and negatively with scores for confusion (p<0.05). Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations did not correlate with any psychologic scores. We conclude that psychologic disturbances after night work were associated with altered cardiovascular and endocrine responses in healthy nurses. Some of the psychologic complaints may be attributable to lower waking blood pressure.
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Clinical Trial |
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Munakata M, Ukita H, Doi I, Ohtsuka Y, Masaki Y, Homma Y, Kawakami Y. Spectral and waveform characteristics of fine and coarse crackles. Thorax 1991; 46:651-7. [PMID: 1948794 PMCID: PMC463357 DOI: 10.1136/thx.46.9.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two acoustically different types of lung crackles, fine and coarse, occur in different pathophysiological conditions. To differentiate these crackles from objective characteristics of frequency information, crackles were recorded from 16 patients with pulmonary fibrosis judged clinically to have "fine" crackles and from 10 with chronic bronchitis who had mainly "coarse" crackles. Time expanded waveforms (1/4 cycle duration, initial deflection width, two cycle duration, and 9/4 cycle duration; duration of the first 1/4, 2/4, 8/4, and 9/4 cycles of crackle waveforms) were examined and fast Fourier transform analysis (peak and maximum frequencies) was performed. All waveform measurements for fine crackles were significantly smaller than those for coarse crackles. Peak and maximum frequencies for fine crackles were significantly higher than those for coarse crackles. Although there was some overlap in these values for individual crackles between the two groups when average values of these measurements were calculated for each patient, there was no overlap between fine and coarse crackles and the two groups could be clearly separated. Log peak frequency and log maximum frequency correlated better with 9/4 cycle duration (r = 0.85, 0.84) and two cycle duration (r = 0.87, 0.86) than with 1/4 cycle duration (r = 0.66, 0.77) or initial deflection width (r = 0.67, 0.79). Early and late segments of crackles have different characteristics, probably related to the origin of the sound and the resonance of the lung respectively. These results suggest that spectral and waveform characteristics may help to improve the accuracy of pulmonary auscultation and increase knowledge of how crackles are generated.
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Munakata M, Kameyama J, Kanazawa M, Nunokawa T, Moriai N, Yoshinaga K. Circadian blood pressure rhythm in patients with higher and lower spinal cord injury: simultaneous evaluation of autonomic nervous activity and physical activity. J Hypertens 1997; 15:1745-9. [PMID: 9488233 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199715120-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships among the circadian rhythms of blood pressure, autonomic nervous function, and physical activity of patients with varying levels of spinal cord injury. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 19 patients with spinal cord injury [10 tetraplegic patients with cervical cord injury (C4-C7), and nine paraplegic patients with thoracic cord injury (Th6-Th12)] compared with 16 control subjects. A new multibiomedical recorder was used to measure blood pressure (every 30 min), cardiac vagal activity (hourly frequency of R-R50), and physical activity (integrated acceleration/min) for 24 h under hospital conditions. Systemic sympathetic nervous activity and sympathoadrenal functioning were assessed by examination of hormone levels in the blood. RESULTS Daytime and night-time values were compared; the variations in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were slight in members of the tetraplegia group, but almost normal differences were observed in members of the paraplegia group. The circadian profile of cardiac vagal activity was normal for both patient groups, suggesting that an alteration in the sympathetic nervous rhythm had occurred in the tetraplegic patients. The plasma norepinephrine level was lower in members of the tetraplegia group than it was in members of the control group (P< 0.001), but was normal in members of the paraplegia group. The plasma level of epinephrine was lower in members of the tetraplegia (P< 0.05) and the paraplegia (P < 0.1) groups than it was in members of the control group. Daytime physical activity of members of both groups of patients was lower than that of subjects in the control group (P< 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION The central sympathoexcitatory pathway to the upper thoracic cord plays a critical role in the maintenance of normal circadian blood pressure rhythm in humans. Motor nerve functioning and sympathoadrenal secretion are not essential to this regulation.
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Comparative Study |
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Munakata M, Kato R, Yokoyama H, Haginoya K, Tanaka Y, Kayaba J, Kato T, Takayanagi R, Endo H, Hasegawa R, Ejima Y, Hoshi K, Iinuma K. Combined therapy with hypothermia and anticytokine agents in influenza A encephalopathy. Brain Dev 2000; 22:373-7. [PMID: 11042419 DOI: 10.1016/s0387-7604(00)00169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Two children with influenza A-related encephalopathy were treated with a combination of mild hypothermia (deep body temperature of the forehead: 35 degrees C) and anticytokine agents (high-dose methylprednisolone and ulinastatin), while receiving amantadine. One of the cases exhibited acute necrotizing encephalopathy on computed tomography (CT). Although no severe complications occurred, correctable hypokalemia and hyperglycemia occurred in both cases. Both patients recovered without any neurological sequelae. Our therapeutic protocol appears to be effective for managing influenza A-related encephalopathy.
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Case Reports |
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Yamaguchi K, Shimamura T, Hyodo I, Koizumi W, Doi T, Narahara H, Komatsu Y, Kato T, Saitoh S, Akiya T, Munakata M, Miyata Y, Maeda Y, Takiuchi H, Nakano S, Esaki T, Kinjo F, Sakata Y. Phase I/II study of docetaxel and S-1 in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1803-8. [PMID: 16773074 PMCID: PMC2361339 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this phase I/II study of docetaxel and S-1 were to determine the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), and recommended dose (RD) in the phase I part and to explore the tumour response, survival and safety in the phase II part. Patients with histologically- or cytologically confirmed unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer were eligible. Treatment consisted of intravenous docetaxel on day 1 (starting dose 50 mg m−2) and oral S-1 at a fixed dose of 40 mg m−2 twice daily on days 1–14, every 4 weeks up to six cycles. Nine patients took part in the phase I portion of the study. The MTD of docetaxel was determined to be 50 mg m−2, with the DLTs of grade 3 infection associated with grade 3 neutropenia and grade 4 neutropenia during S-1 administration. The RD of docetaxel was 40 mg m−2 in combination with S-1 40 mg m−2 b.i.d. The efficacy and safety of this regimen was therefore assessed in 46 patients with at least one measurable lesion. The overall response rate and estimated median overall survival were 46% (95% CI, 31–61%) and 14.0 months (8.3–17.3 months), respectively. The most common grade 3/4 toxicity was neutropenia (67% of patients), which was predictable and manageable. This regimen showed promising activity with moderate toxicities in advanced gastric cancer.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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Ohe M, Munakata M, Hizawa N, Itoh A, Doi I, Yamaguchi E, Homma Y, Kawakami Y. Beta 2 adrenergic receptor gene restriction fragment length polymorphism and bronchial asthma. Thorax 1995; 50:353-9. [PMID: 7785006 PMCID: PMC474274 DOI: 10.1136/thx.50.4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta 2 adrenergic dysfunction may be one of the underlying mechanisms responsible for atopy and bronchial asthma. The gene encoding the human beta 2 adrenergic receptor (beta 2ADR) has recently been isolated and sequenced. In addition, a two allele polymorphism of this receptor gene has been identified in white people. A study was carried out to determine whether this polymorphism is functionally important and has any relation to airways responsiveness, atopy, or asthma. METHODS The subjects studied were 58 family members of four patients with atopic asthma. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with Ban-I digestion of the beta 2ADR gene was detected by a specific DNA probe with Southern blot analysis. Airways responses to inhaled methacholine and the beta 2 agonist salbutamol, the skin prick test, and serum IgE levels were also examined and correlated to the beta 2ADR gene RFLP. In addition, measurements of cAMP responses to isoproterenol in peripheral mononuclear cells were performed in 22 healthy subjects whose genotype for beta 2ADR was known. RESULTS A two allele polymorphism (2.3 kb and 2.1 kb) of the beta 2ADR gene was detected in the Japanese population. Family members without allele 2.3 kb (homozygote of allele 2.1 kb) had lower airways responses to inhaled salbutamol than those with allele 2.3 kb. The incidence of asthma was higher in those without allele 2.3 kb than in those with allele 2.3 kb. The beta 2ADR gene RFLP had no relation to airways responses to methacholine and atopic status. cAMP responses in peripheral mononuclear cells of the subjects without allele 2.3 kb tended to be lower than those of the subjects with allele 2.3 kb. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Ban-I RFLP of the beta 2ADR gene may have some association with the airways responses to beta 2 agonists and the incidence of bronchial asthma.
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Takahashi T, Munakata M, Suzuki I, Kawakami Y. Serum and bronchoalveolar fluid KL-6 levels in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:1294-8. [PMID: 9769294 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.4.9712003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a disease characterized by the filling of alveolar spaces with periodic acid-Schiff-positive proteinaceous material and by the hypertrophy of type II pneumocytes in the alveolar interstitium. To examine if KL-6, a mucinlike glycoprotein, is useful for the diagnosis of PAP and the estimation of its activity, serum KL-6 levels in patients with PAP were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with those of patients with other lung diseases. Furthermore, to estimate the origin of KL-6 in some patients, measurements of KL-6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and immunohistochemical staining of the lung tissues with a monoclonal antibody to KL-6 antigen were performed. Serum KL-6 levels in patients with PAP were extremely high and were significantly higher than those in patients with interstitial lung diseases in which elevation of serum KL-6 has been recognized. BAL-fluid KL-6 levels in patients with PAP were higher than serum levels. Both serum and BAL-fluid KL-6 levels in patients with PAP correlated well with the disease activity. Immunohistochemically, positive staining was observed in proliferating type II pneumocytes. These results suggest the usefulness of KL-6 measurement in the diagnosis and estimation of disease activity of PAP.
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Comparative Study |
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Imai Y, Abe K, Sasaki S, Minami N, Munakata M, Sekino H, Nihei M, Yoshinaga K. Determination of clinical accuracy and nocturnal blood pressure pattern by new portable device for monitoring indirect ambulatory blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 1990; 3:293-301. [PMID: 2346635 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/3.4.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The accuracy and clinical application of a new portable device for measuring ambulatory blood pressure (BP) (ABPM 630, Nippon Colin, Nagoya, Japan) were assessed. The device uses a conventional arm cuff inflated by CO2 gas from a compact cartridge and is based on a cuff-oscillometric as well as a Korotkoff sound (microphone) technique. Blood pressure values obtained by ABPM 630 were compared with those measured by the auscultatory method. With the microphone method the mean differences from the auscultatory method were -0.28 +/- 6.15 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) for SBP and 0.96 +/- 6.28 mm Hg for DBP (n = 256), while for the cuff-oscillometric method the mean differences were -1.77 +/- 6.07 mm Hg for SBP and 3.06 +/- 6.87 mm Hg for DBP (n = 297). There was a highly significant correlation between BP values measured by the auscultatory method and ABPM 630. In 40 untreated subjects, 24 h BP was monitored simultaneously with the ABPM 630 and with a finger volume-oscillometric device (UBP-100, UEDA, Tokyo, Japan). The daytime average of SBP with the former (126 +/- 11.6 mm Hg) was almost the same as that with the latter (123 +/- 16.0 mm Hg), while the nighttime average in the former (117 +/- 9.7 mm Hg) was significantly higher than that in the latter (108 +/- 14.1 mm Hg, P less than .01). Only 4 out of 40 subjects experienced no sleep disturbance from the arm-cuff inflation. Five of the 40 subjects complained that their sleep was frequently interrupted by the arm-cuff inflation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Komiyama Y, Nishimura N, Munakata M, Mori T, Okuda K, Nishino N, Hirose S, Kosaka C, Masuda M, Takahashi H. Identification of endogenous ouabain in culture supernatant of PC12 cells. J Hypertens 2001; 19:229-36. [PMID: 11212965 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200102000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ouabain-like factor (OLF), assayed as ouabain-like immunoreactivity (OLI), is thought to represent an endogenous digitalis-like factor. We found increased plasma OLI during the surgical removal of a pheochromocytoma. The elution volume of the OLI extracted from plasma and the pheochromocytoma tissue was the same as that for authentic ouabain, using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The present study was performed to characterize OLF from the culture supernatant of a rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12 cells. DESIGN OLI from culture supernatant and chromatographic fractions were assayed by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ouabain. PC12 cells, subcultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% horse serum and 5% fetal bovine serum, were washed, and then cultured in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (Life Technologies, Rockville, Maryland, USA) with 0.4% bovine serum albumin (without serum). Progesterone was added to augment the production or secretion of OLI. The conditioned medium was acidified to dissociate the binding protein, and OLI was purified by five steps of octadecylsilane (ODS) column chromatography. The structural identity of this OLI was determined by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS). RESULTS OLI in the culture medium increased after addition of progesterone in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration in the culture medium was approximately double of that in homogenized PC12 cells. After five rounds of ODS column chromatography, approximately 100 ng of OLI was purified from 21 of culture supernatant, without fetal calf serum, in the presence of progesterone. The molecular size of purified OLI was found to be identical to authentic ouabain, based on analysis by LC/ MS. CONCLUSION Mammalian cells originating from a rat pheochromocytoma cell line were found to produce and/or secrete OLF by the addition of progesterone.
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Munakata M, Akaike N. Regulation of K+ conductance by histamine H1 and H2 receptors in neurones dissociated from rat neostriatum. J Physiol 1994; 480 ( Pt 2):233-45. [PMID: 7869242 PMCID: PMC1155842 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The effects of histamine on dissociated neostriatal neurones of the rat were investigated in the whole-cell mode using the nystatin-perforated patch recording technique. 2. Histamine evoked a net inward current accompanied by a decrease in the membrane conductance at a holding potential (Vh) of -44 mV. This response was observed in neurones considered to be interneurones based on morphology, membrane properties and the responsiveness to acetylcholine. 3. A net inward current evoked by 10(-8) to 10(-6) M histamine was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by the H1 receptor antagonists, pyrilamine and triprolidine. The H1 receptor agonists, 2-methylhistamine and 2-thiazolylethylamine, mimicked the histamine response, indicating that this response was mediated by the H1 receptor. 4. Histamine, at high concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-5) M, evoked an additional net inward current with a decrease in the membrane conductance, which was inhibited by the H2 receptor antagonists, cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine. The H2 receptor agonist, impromidine, partially mimicked the response. Thus, this additional current was considered to be mediated by the H2 receptor. 5. The reversal potentials for H1 and H2 receptor-operated currents shifted 56.9 and 59.3 mV for a 10-fold change in [K+]o, respectively, suggesting that these currents were carried by K+. 6. An analysis of change in current fluctuations mediated by H1 and H2 receptors suggested that the unitary current amplitudes of K+ channels linked to H1 and H2 receptors were 0.29 +/- 0.06 (n = 4) and 0.27 +/- 0.07 pA (n = 4), respectively. There was no significant difference between these values. The estimated mean life times (tau) for both channels were also identical (1.1 ms). 7. It was concluded that histamine reduces K+ currents in neostriatal interneurones and that both H1 and H2 receptors are involved in the response.
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Ino I, Wu LP, Munakata M, Maekawa M, Suenaga Y, Kuroda-Sowa T, Kitamori Y. Structural studies of silver(I) coordination polymers with aryl iodide derived ligands. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:2146-51. [PMID: 12526526 DOI: 10.1021/ic991261g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports novel silver polymers, built with iodine--silver interactions, with interesting structural motifs. Four silver(I) coordination polymers of the aryl iodide derived ligands, triiodobenzoic acid (HL1), tris(4-iodophenyl)amine (L2), and 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (HL3), have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Treatment of Ag(CH3COO) with HL1 yielded [Ag(L1)] (1), whose structural analysis revealed 2D layers of ladders connected through weak Ag...I interaction. Reactions of AgClO4 and L2 in benzene and nitrobenzene afforded, respectively, two different products, [Ag(L2)(H2O)]ClO4.C6H6(2) and [Ag(L2)(ClO4)](3). While the structure of 2 could be described as a 2D layer of square and octagons perpendicular to [100], complex 3 is formed by 2D layers of the same topology of 2 (8(2).4), alternating as ABAB. In contrast, complex 4, [Ag2(H2L3)(CF3SO3)3], obtained by reaction of Ag(CF3SO3) and HL3, was found to consist of a 2D layer based on columnar arrays AgH2L3-Ag(triflate). The solid-state FT-IR and 109Ag NMR spectra of theses complexes are discussed on the basis of their crystal structures.
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Ino I, Wu LP, Munakata M, Kuroda-Sowa T, Maekawa M, Suenaga Y, Sakai R. Bridged silver(I) complexes of the polycyclic aromatic compounds tetraphenylethylene and 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:5430-6. [PMID: 11154557 DOI: 10.1021/ic000263u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the purpose of investigating the coordination behavior of the sterically congested alkenes and exploring the possibility of cofacial complexation in the polycyclic aromatic system for formation of extended polymeric networks, tetraphenylethylene (tphe) and 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene (tphb) have been studied with regard to their complexation with a silver(I) ion. The crystal structures of [Ag(tphe)(ClO4)(p-xylene)], [Ag2(tphe)(ClO4)2], [Ag4(tphe)(CF3SO3)4], [Ag2(tphb)(ClO4)2], and [Ag2(tphb)(CF3SO3)2], together with the metal-free ligands tphe and tphb, have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The pi-electron-rich cleft in organic components is found to offer a potential site for complexation, which can be utilized to generate an interesting array of organometallic compounds with one- and two-dimensional frameworks.
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