1
|
Khan M, Hindocha S. In the Nexus of Transformation: Innovations, Challenges and the Future of Digital Oncology. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2025; 39:103763. [PMID: 39923349 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2025.103763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
|
2
|
Maya P, Moran B, Khan M, Yehuda H, Adi G, Joseph DJ, Boris K. Immediate versus expedient emergent laparotomy in unstable isolated abdominal trauma patients. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2025; 107:119-124. [PMID: 38836369 PMCID: PMC11785445 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2023.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unstable abdominal trauma patients should be treated with emergent laparotomy. However, few studies have evaluated the association between time to surgery and survival in these patients. We aimed to assess the influence of time to laparotomy on outcomes in blunt and penetrating unstable abdominal trauma patients. METHODS This retrospective study includes patients with abdominal injuries, systolic blood pressure <90mmHg on arrival, admitted in Israel during 2000-2018. Data regarding patients' characteristics, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), time to surgery, length of hospital stay and mortality were collected via The Israeli National Trauma Registry. RESULTS Overall, 69 blunt and 127 penetrating injury patients were included in the study. For blunt and penetrating trauma patients with ISS ≤14, no differences in outcome were found between patients who underwent laparotomy within 60min of admission and those who underwent laparotomy within 60-120min of admission. In patients with blunt trauma, ISS ≥16, and GCS <15, mortality was higher in the immediate laparotomy group (p = 0.004 and 0.049, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In patients with a penetrating injury, no differences in mortality between immediate and expedient laparotomy were demonstrated. In patients with a blunt injury, with ISS ≥16 and GCS <15, mortality was higher among the immediate laparotomy group.
Collapse
|
3
|
Carnegie L, McCrone JT, du Plessis L, Hasan M, Ali MZ, Begum R, Hassan MZ, Islam S, Rahman MH, Uddin ASM, Sarker MS, Das T, Hossain M, Khan M, Razu MH, Akram A, Arina S, Hoque E, Molla MMA, Nafisaa T, Angra P, Rambaut A, Pullan ST, Osman KL, Hoque MA, Biswas P, Flora MS, Raghwani J, Fournié G, Samad MA, Hill SC. Genomic epidemiology of early SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in Bangladesh. Virol J 2024; 21:291. [PMID: 39538264 PMCID: PMC11562509 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic epidemiology has helped reconstruct the global and regional movement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there is still a lack of understanding of SARS-CoV-2 spread in some of the world's least developed countries (LDCs). METHODS To begin to address this disparity, we studied the transmission dynamics of the virus in Bangladesh during the country's first COVID-19 wave by analysing case reports and whole-genome sequences from all eight divisions of the country. RESULTS We detected > 50 virus introductions to the country during the period, including during a period of national lockdown. Additionally, through discrete phylogeographic analyses, we identified that geographical distance and population -density and/or -size influenced virus spatial dispersal in Bangladesh. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study expands our knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology in Bangladesh, shedding light on crucial transmission characteristics within the country, while also acknowledging resemblances and differences to patterns observed in other nations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Antonelli L, Theobald W, Barbato F, Atzeni S, Batani D, Betti R, Bouffetier V, Casner A, Ceurvorst L, Cao D, Ruby JJ, Glize K, Goudal T, Kar A, Khan M, Dearling A, Koenig M, Nilson PM, Scott RHH, Turianska O, Wei M, Woolsey NC. X-ray phase-contrast imaging of strong shocks on OMEGA EP. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:113504. [PMID: 39526998 DOI: 10.1063/5.0168059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing improvement in laser technology and target fabrication is opening new possibilities for diagnostic development. An example is x-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI), which serves as an advanced x-ray imaging diagnostic in laser-driven experiments. In this work, we present the results of the XPCI platform that was developed at the OMEGA EP Laser-Facility to study multi-Mbar single and double shocks produced using a kilojoule laser driver. Two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations agree well with the shock progression and the spherical curvature of the shock fronts. It is demonstrated that XPCI is an excellent method to determine with high accuracy the front position of a trailing shock wave propagating through an expanding CH plasma that was heated by a precursor Mbar shock wave. The interaction between the rarefaction wave and the shock wave results in a clear signature in the radiograph that is well reproduced by radiation-hydrodynamic simulations.
Collapse
|
5
|
Shams RK, Khan M, Islam A, Das MC, Chowdhury U, Das D. A Rare Case of Partially Ossified Sacrospinous Ligament Causing Sciatic Nerve Compression. Mymensingh Med J 2024; 33:1288-1290. [PMID: 39351755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2025]
Abstract
Ossification of sacrospinous ligament induces a great risk for maintaining the stability of the pelvis. The sacrospinous ligament, along with the sacrotuberous ligament, plays a distinct role in the sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis stability. The ossification may cause compression of neurovascular structure traversing through the greater and lesser sciatic foramen. Here we report a case of unilateral heterogenous ossification of the left sacrospinous ligament causing sciatic nerve compression and sciatic pain. A 22-year-old Bangladeshi woman, mother of one child, presented with complaints of pain in the lower back, left buttock and back of the upper thigh. Clinical examination and investigations revealed a diagnosis of the partially ossified sacrospinous ligament with sciatic nerve compression. Total excision of heterotrophic calcification and partial excision of left sacrospinous ligament through posterior approach by a left paramedian incision over the lower back was performed under general anaesthesia. On outpatient follow-up visits at 2 weeks and 6 weeks post-surgery, complete disappearance of pain was observed, and the patient was able to return to regular productive life activity. In this report, we presented a rare case of ossified sacrospinous ligament causing sciatic nerve compression with unknown etiology. The surgical approach performed, total excision of heterotrophic calcification and partial excision of left sacrospinous ligament through the posterior approach helped to preserve the pelvic stability with a good clinical outcome.
Collapse
|
6
|
Akram T, Alsuhaibani A, Khan M, Khan S, Naqvi S, Bilal M. Dermo‐Optimizer: Skin Lesion Classification Using Information‐Theoretic Deep Feature Fusion and Entropy‐Controlled Binary Bat Optimization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 34. [DOI: 10.1002/ima.23172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIncreases in the prevalence of melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, have been observed over the last few decades. However, the likelihood of a longer life span for individuals is considerably improved with early detection of this malignant illness. Even though the field of computer vision has attained a certain level of success, there is still a degree of ambiguity that represents an unresolved research challenge. In the initial phase of this study, the primary objective is to improve the information derived from input features by combining multiple deep models with the proposed Information‐theoretic feature fusion method. Subsequently, in the second phase, the study aims to decrease the redundant and noisy information through down‐sampling using the proposed entropy‐controlled binary bat selection algorithm. The proposed methodology effectively maintains the integrity of the original feature space, resulting in the creation of highly distinctive feature information. In order to obtain the desired set of features, three contemporary deep models are employed via transfer learning: Inception‐Resnet V2, DenseNet‐201, and Nasnet Mobile. By combining feature fusion and selection techniques, we may effectively fuse a significant amount of information into the feature vector and subsequently remove any redundant feature information. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is supported by an evaluation conducted on three well‐known dermoscopic datasets, specifically , ISIC‐2016, and ISIC‐2017. In order to validate the proposed approach, several performance indicators are taken into account, such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false negative rate (FNR), false positive rate (FPR), and F1‐score. The accuracies obtained for all datasets utilizing the proposed methodology are 99.05%, 96.26%, and 95.71%, respectively.
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan M, Khan L, Abrar S, Qureshi BM, Hafiz A, Ali N, Abbasi AN. Correspondence in regard to Patil N, et al. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:e357. [PMID: 38702241 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
|
8
|
Iyizoba-Ebozue Z, Fatimilehin A, Kayani M, Khan A, McMahon M, Stewart S, Croney C, Sritharan K, Khan M, Obeid M, Igwebike O, Batool R, A-Hakim R, Aghadiuno T, Ruparel V, O'Reilly K. Unveiling Disparities: Exploring Differential Attainment in Postgraduate Training Within Clinical Oncology. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:e119-e127. [PMID: 38582627 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Differential attainment (DA) in post graduate medical training is a recognised challenge and refers to unexplained variation across groups when split by several protected characteristics. The Royal College of Radiology is committed to fostering diversity, inclusivity, and equality with the goal of narrowing existing gaps and improving training outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a mixed methods study aiming to understand the causes of DA with view to helping the RCR develop strategies to address this. A cross-sectional survey was completed by 140 clinical oncology trainees in September 2022. Trainees and trainers (17 and 6 respectively) from across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, took part in focus group and interviews from August to December 2022. Quantitative and qualitative data merged and interpreted. RESULT Results showed international medical graduates and trainees from ethnic minority backgrounds were more likely to encounter challenges. The qualitative findings were used to identify three themes through which these problems could be framed. The trainee as a "space invader," the hidden curriculum of clinical oncology training and the process of navigating and tacking the training journey. CONCLUSION Differential attainment is the product of a complex interplay between the trainee, trainer, and the training environment. Therefore, interventions must be tailored to different people and contexts. At a national level, the RCR can adopt general policies to promote this such as mentorship programmes, protected time for supervision and cultural competency training. Efficacy of proposed interventions for trial and their impact on DA should be evaluated to drive evidence-based changes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sekhar H, Dyer M, Khan M, Mitchell PJ, West NP, Moug S, Vimalachandran D. SF-CORNER (splenic flexure colorectal cancer): an international survey of operative approaches and outcomes for cancers of the splenic flexure. Colorectal Dis 2024; 26:660-668. [PMID: 38345176 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM The optimum surgical approach to splenic flexure cancers (SFCs) remains uncertain. The aim of this survey was to explore the opinions of an international surgical community on the management and outcomes of SFC. METHOD A questionnaire was constructed comprising five sections (information about respondents; definition and prognosis of SFC; operative approach; approach in specific scenarios; outcomes) and circulated through an international dissemination committee and social media. RESULTS The survey received 576 responses over 4 weeks across 50 countries. There was no consensus regarding the definition of the splenic flexure, whilst the proportion of respondents who did and did not think that patients with SFC had a worse outcome was equal. The overall preferred operative approach was left hemicolectomy [203 (35.2%)], followed by segmental resection [167 (29%)], extended right hemicolectomy [126 (21.9%)] and subtotal colectomy [7 (12%)]. The stated pedicles for ligation varied between resection types and also within the same resection. One hundred and sixty-six (28.8%) respondents thought a segmental resection was associated with the worst survival and 190 (33%) thought it was associated with the best quality of life. CONCLUSION This survey confirms a lack of consensus across all aspects SFC treatment. The differing approaches described are likely to represent different beliefs around the variable anatomy of this region and the associated lymphatic drainage. Future studies are required to address such inconsistencies and identify the optimum surgical strategy, whilst also incorporating quality-of-life metrics and patient-reported outcomes. A one-size-fits-all approach is probably not appropriate with SFC, and a more bespoke approach is required.
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan JM, Tahir M, Qamar MF, Naz S, Rauf M, Noreen R, Ayaz MM, Khan M, Ahmad M, Khurshid U, Saeed S, Iqbal MJ, Younas QUA, Hameed Y. Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein 15 gene causing defective protein secretion in Cholistani infertile sheep. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e256923. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Naturally occurring mutations in morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are associated with decreased ovulation rate (OR), litter size (LS), and sterility. It is of a great interest to elucidate BMP15 gene in Cholistani sheep breed to uplift socio-economic status and the knowledge of Cholistani sheep breeding in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. In our study, a total of 50 infertile Cholistani sheep aged between 2-6 years and having no blood relation were screened for BMP15 mutations. For this purpose, a high-quality DNA was extracted from the blood of sheep followed by primer designing, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification, DNA sequencing, and in silico analyses. Out of total 50 samples, 9 samples including case 1 (T3), case 2 (T8), case 3 (T17), case 4 (T22), case 5 (T25), case 6 (T33), case 7 (T40), case 8 (T44), and case 9 (T47) were found positive for a variety of already reported and novel BMP15 mutations. Further in silico analyses of the observed mutations have shown the functional impact of these mutations on different characteristics (molecular weight, theoretical PI, estimated half-life, instability index, sub-cellular localization, and 3D confirmation) of the encoded proteins, possibly altering the normal functionality. In a nutshell, findings of this study have confirmed the possible essential role of the BMP15 mutations in the infertility of the Cholistani sheep.
Collapse
|
11
|
Khan M, Patel R, Youssef M, Banerjee R, Pardiwala A, Belen C. A Systemic Review of Primary Malignant Long Bone Tumors in Children and Adolescents. ACTA CHIRURGIAE ORTHOPAEDICAE ET TRAUMATOLOGIAE CECHOSLOVACA 2024; 91:77-87. [PMID: 38801663 DOI: 10.55095/achot2024/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Managing bone tumours is complex, relying on limited evidence, expert opinions, and retrospective reviews. Multidisciplinary approaches and early diagnosis are crucial for better outcomes, especially in young patients with growing skeletons. The aim of this systemic review and meta-analysis is to give a comprehensive review of common malignant tumors affecting long bones in children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS A PubMed/Medline search for "primary malignant long bone tumours in children" initially retrieved 1120 papers, which were subsequently narrowed down to 110 articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. These articles were reviewed, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment options, surgical planning, and variations in presentation, including rare tumours. The two most commonly reported tumours were osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, leading to the division of studies into five groups. The inclusion criteria encompassed malignancies in patients aged 2-25 years, work-up, imaging, surgical treatment, rare tumour case reports, and surgical management principles, resulting in a heterogeneous group of articles. To enhance categorisation, it was clarified that studies with 10 or more cases were considered retrospective reviews. RESULTS Reviewing of results thus demonstrate that the two likely tumours in children under consideration were osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Their presentation findings and clinical features were discussed in detail in the review. It is worth noting here that in case of differential diagnosis this should be the first on the list. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Although focus of literature is more on the two most common tumours. However, rare tumours should be considered as they can mimic these common tumors. KEY WORDS primary, malignant, bone tumors, children, adolescent.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gilden J, Steenen SA, Brand Kanters ART, Khan M. [Vascular occlusion following profile harmonization of the chin with hyaluronic acid fillers]. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 2023; 130:520-524. [PMID: 38051086 DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2023.12.23057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of dermal fillers for cosmetic procedures has increased rapidly both worldwide and in the Netherlands in recent years, which has led to an absolute increase in reported side effects and complications. Although most of these complications are mild, serious complications such as vascular occlusion can also occur. In this article, we describe a case of a 35-year-old woman who showed signs of reduced tissue perfusion and the early stage of skin necrosis following injection of hyaluronic acid fillers in the chin. This complication was successfully treated by ultrasound-guided injection of hyaluronidase, resulting in a full recovery without residual symptoms. To minimize the risk of serious complications treatment with hyaluronic acid fillers should be carried out by an experienced practitioner.
Collapse
|
13
|
Khan M, Khan I, Tauseef I, Haleem KS, Shah TA, Naz S, Nazir N, Aziz T, Thamer HA. Cloning and periplasmic soluble expression of hepatitis B surface antigen gene in Escherichia coli. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 27:11734-11745. [PMID: 38164836 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to clone and express the hepatitis B surface antigen gene (HBsAg) in Escherichia coli (E. coli), thereby aiming to develop potential local therapeutics for combating Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the Pakistani community by producing HBsAg in E. coli. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood serum samples were collected from hepatitis B-infected patients, and their genomic DNA was extracted. Real-time and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the HBsAg gene. The gene of interest was cloned into the pET20b expression vector and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) using Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction. The gene's precise size was confirmed with gene-specific external and internal primers (681 bp and 400 bp, respectively). RESULTS The HBsAg gene was successfully sequenced and submitted to GenBank, exhibiting 98% homology with targeted HBV sequences worldwide. The expression of HBsAg protein was confirmed through silver staining, Coomassie staining, western blot, and dot blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS The expressed protein clones are now available for further development as a local recombinant DNA vaccine to prevent hepatitis B viral infection in the local community.
Collapse
|
14
|
Brand Kanters ART, Steenen SA, Gilden J, Khan M. [Treatment with botulinum toxin of masseter hypertrophy, myalgia of the tendons and attrition induced by bruxism]. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 2023; 130:525-529. [PMID: 38051087 DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2023.12.23058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Bruxism is a disabling condition in which unconscious contractions of the masticulatory muscles lead to teeth grinding and jaw clenching. Symptoms include toothache, temporomandibular dysfunction, headache and attrition. Treatment options range from conservative approaches to invasive interventions. Education, stress reduction, avoidance of stimulants, and relaxation techniques can help in mild cases. Wearing an occlusal splint can reduce attrition. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) injections are a treatment option temporarily causing partial paralysis of the masticulatory muscles. BoNT-A is a treatment for reducing symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients with bruxism that has been proven safe and effective. The effects usually last several months. To achieve the best results and minimize side effects, BoNT-A injections should be applied by an experienced practitioner.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cristoforetti G, Baffigi F, Batani D, Dudzak R, Fedosejevs R, Filippov ED, Gajdos P, Juha L, Khan M, Koester P, Krus M, Mancelli D, Martynenko AS, Nicolai P, Pikuz SA, Renner O, Tentori A, Volpe L, Woolsey N, Zeraouli G, Gizzi LA. Investigation on the origin of hot electrons in laser plasma interaction at shock ignition intensities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20681. [PMID: 38001120 PMCID: PMC10673912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Shock Ignition is a two-step scheme to reach Inertial Confinement Fusion, where the precompressed fuel capsule is ignited by a strong shock driven by a laser pulse at an intensity in the order of [Formula: see text] W/cm[Formula: see text]. In this report we describe the results of an experiment carried out at PALS laser facility designed to investigate the origin of hot electrons in laser-plasma interaction at intensities and plasma temperatures expected for Shock Ignition. A detailed time- and spectrally-resolved characterization of Stimulated Raman Scattering and Two Plasmon Decay instabilities, as well as of the generated hot electrons, suggest that Stimulated Raman Scattering is the dominant source of hot electrons via the damping of daughter plasma waves. The temperature dependence of laser plasma instabilities was also investigated, enabled by the use of different ablator materials, suggesting that Two Plasmon Decay is damped at earlier times for higher plasma temperatures, accompanied by an earlier ignition of SRS. The identification of the predominant hot electron source and the effect of plasma temperature on laser plasma interaction, here investigated, are extremely useful for developing the mitigation strategies for reducing the impact of hot electrons on the fuel ignition.
Collapse
|
16
|
D'Anna G, Shah L, Kranz PG, Hirsch JA, Khan M, Johnson M, Feydy A, Nathan J, Manfre L, Nguyen DT, Sze G, Goethem JV, Vanhoenacker FM. Results of an International Survey on Spinal Imaging by the ASNR/ASSR/ESNR/ESSR "Nomenclature 3.0" Working Group. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2023; 27:561-565. [PMID: 37816364 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to determine if "Nomenclature 2.0," the classification of lumbar disk pathology consensus, should be updated. We conducted a social media and e-mail-based survey on preferences regarding the use of classification on magnetic resonance spine reporting. Members of the European Society of Neuroradiology, European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, and American Society of Spine Radiology received a 15-question online survey between February and March 2022. A total of 600 responses were received from 63 countries. The largest number of responses came from Italy and the United States. We found that 71.28% of respondents used Nomenclature 2.0, Classification of Lumbar Disk Pathology. But classification on stenosis is used less often: 53.94% and 60% of respondents do not use any classification of spinal canal stenosis and foraminal stenosis, respectively. When queried about which part of Nomenclature needs improving, most respondents asked for a Structured Reporting Template (SRT), even though 58.85% of respondents do not currently use any template and 54% routinely use a clinical information questionnaire. These results highlight the importance of an updated Nomenclature 3.0 version that integrates the classifications of lumbar disk disease and spinal canal and foraminal stenosis. Further attention should also be directed toward developing a robust endorsed SRT.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cappelli L, Poiset SJ, Khan M, Kayne A, Nelson NG, Gardner C, Uppendahl A, Zhan T, Wang ZX, Judy K, Andrews DW, Alnahhas I, Shi W. Institutional Validation Study Inferring 2% MGMT Methylation Positive Impact on Survival in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (GBM) Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e92-e93. [PMID: 37786215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) MATERIALS/METHODS: is a well-established prognostic factor in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). However, there is no consensus on a standardized method of threshold for MGMT testing. Previous studies have reported levels of as little as 1-3% to confer better prognosis. This study reports a single institutional experience of determining methylation status via methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). Previous literature suggests 10% cutoff for MGMT methylation using MS-HRM. We hereby report clinical outcomes using a lower threshold of 2%. MATERIALS/METHODS GBM patients treated at our institution retrospectively reviewed between the years 2013 and 2022 were included in the study. Patients who received hypofractionated radiation (<60 Gy) were excluded. All patients had MS-HRM test for MGMT methylation status. A real-time PCR assay was used to amplify a 62 base-pair region of MGMT for both methylated and unmethylated alleles. PCR products underwent HRM analysis and the fraction of methylated DNA was determined by comparison with a standard curve. Clinical data were collected retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were performed to compare survival. RESULTS A total of 181 patients with newly diagnosed GBM were initially included in this study. 42 patients treated with hypofractionated radiation were excluded. All patients received concurrent and maintenance temozolomide. Median age was 61.5 years. A total of 84 patients had MGMT methylation levels <2%, and 55 patients had MGMT methylation level ≥ 2% with a median methylation level of 28.5% (Range 0.8%-100%). Patients with MGMT methylation level ≥ 2% had an improved median overall survival (25.1 vs 16.0 months; p = 0.006) and improved median progression free survival (11.3 vs 7.9 months; p = 0.017). In a multivariable mode that included age, use of tumor-treating fields, KPS, sex, and BMI, only age, KPS, and MGMT remained significant. CONCLUSION Our institutional review confirmed low level of MGMT hypermethylation (≥ 2%) predicts improved outcome in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Further investigation on optimal cut off level for MGMT methylation is still warranted.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cappelli L, Uppendahl A, Gardner C, Dejarlais A, Reddy A, Khan M, Kayne A, Poiset SJ, Zhan T, Judy K, Andrews DW, Simone NL, Alnahhas I, Shi W. Body Mass Index (BMI) at Time of Diagnosis as a Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (GBM). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e93. [PMID: 37786217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer in adults with very poor prognosis. Metabolic drivers of tumorigenesis are highly relevant within the central nervous system, where glucose is the sole source of energy. The impact of obesity on survival outcomes in patients with GBM has not been well reported and some initial results are inconsistent. This study investigates the factor of body mass index (BMI) in patients diagnosed with GBM. This study evaluated the prognostic association of BMI with survival outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. MATERIALS/METHODS Patientswith newly diagnosed GBM at our institution from 2015-2022 were included in this study. All patients were >18 years of age and received 60 Gy of radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide following maximal safe resection. Through retrospective chart review, patient BMI at the time of diagnosis and overall survival (OS) were recorded. Analysis was done between patient groups of underweight/normal weight (BMI <25) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25.00). The subgroup of overweight patients was also divided into subgroups of overweight (BMI 25.00-29.99) and obese (BMI≥30.00). A difference in clinical outcomes of overall survival was evaluated between the groups using Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon and log-rank tests. RESULTS Atotal of 393 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age 57.3 years, range 18.8-92.7. 185 female and 208 were male. 120 patients had a BMI <25 and 273 had a BMI ≥ 25.00. Median survival in patients with BMI <25 was 24.90 months and in patients with BMI ≥ 25.00, 18.20 months (p = 0.0001; HR 0.6552, 95% CI 0.5299-0.8101). We further divided patients with BMI ≥ 25.00 to 25-29.99 (n = 152) and BMI≥30.00 (n = 121). Both groups' OS were significantly worse than patients with BMI < 25 (p = 0.006). There was no difference in survival outcomes between patients with a BMI 25.00-29.99 and BMI≥30.00, with median OS 19.0 months and 18.1 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Patient baseline BMI <25 appears to be a prognostic indicator and correlates to improves overall survival for patients with newly diagnosed GBM. This study adds to the existing literature supporting overweight/obesity is associated with worse survival for GBM patients. Additional studies are warranted for further analysis of BMI and survival outcomes in GBM patients across patient demographics.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nojszewska N, Idilli O, Sarkar D, Ahouiyek Z, Arroyo-Berdugo Y, Sandoval C, Amin-Anjum MS, Bowers S, Greaves D, Saeed L, Khan M, Salti S, Al-Shami S, Topoglu H, Punzalan JK, Farias JG, Calle Y. Bone marrow mesenchymal/fibroblastic stromal cells induce a distinctive EMT-like phenotype in AML cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151334. [PMID: 37354622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) like features is emerging as a critical factor involved in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, the extracellular signals and the signalling pathways in AML that may regulate EMT remain largely unstudied. We found that the bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal/fibroblastic cell line HS5 induces an EMT-like migratory phenotype in AML cells. AML cells underwent a strong increase of vimentin (VIM) levels that was not mirrored to the same extent by changes of expression of the other EMT core proteins SNAI1 and SNAI2. We validated these particular pattern of co-expression of core-EMT markers in AML cells by performing an in silico analysis using datasets of human tumours. Our data showed that in AML the expression levels of VIM does not completely correlate with the co-expression of core EMT markers observed in epithelial tumours. We also found that vs epithelial tumours, AML cells display a distinct patterns of co-expression of VIM and the actin binding and adhesion regulatory proteins that regulate F-actin dynamics and integrin-mediated adhesions involved in the invasive migration in cells undergoing EMT. We conclude that the BM stroma induces an EMT related pattern of migration in AML cells in a process involving a distinctive regulation of EMT markers and of regulators of cell adhesion and actin dynamics that should be further investigated. Understanding the tumour specific signalling pathways associated with the EMT process may contribute to the development of new tailored therapies for AML as well as in different types of cancers.
Collapse
|
20
|
Khan M, Alam A, Salar U, Chigurupati S, Saleem F, Hameed S, Taha M, Khan KM. Flurbiprofen Derivatives as Potential DPPH and ABTS Radical Scavengers. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2023; 59:1577-1582. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428023090154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
|
21
|
Arran C, Bradford P, Dearling A, Hicks GS, Al-Atabi S, Antonelli L, Ettlinger OC, Khan M, Read MP, Glize K, Notley M, Walsh CA, Kingham RJ, Najmudin Z, Ridgers CP, Woolsey NC. Measurement of Magnetic Cavitation Driven by Heat Flow in a Plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:015101. [PMID: 37478421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.015101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe the direct measurement of the expulsion of a magnetic field from a plasma driven by heat flow. Using a laser to heat a column of gas within an applied magnetic field, we isolate Nernst advection and show how it changes the field over a nanosecond timescale. Reconstruction of the magnetic field map from proton radiographs demonstrates that the field is advected by heat flow in advance of the plasma expansion with a velocity v_{N}=(6±2)×10^{5} m/s. Kinetic and extended magnetohydrodynamic simulations agree well in this regime due to the buildup of a magnetic transport barrier.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shields AD, Knutzen D, Khan M, Sobh O, Jacobs K. Prenatal diagnosis of familial porencephaly associated with fetal stroke. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 62:153-154. [PMID: 36722041 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
|
23
|
Mainardi G, Hatami S, Wagner M, Khan M, Wang X, Pidborochynski T, Nagendran J, Conway J, Freed D. Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion of Neonatal and Small Pediatric Sized Hearts. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
|
24
|
Hatami S, Wagner M, Mainardi G, Khan M, Himmat S, Nagendran J, Freed D. Superior Cardiac Protection in Combined Ex-Situ Perfusion of Heart and Liver: Lessons Learned. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
|
25
|
Gilani S, Batra M, Tandon M, Khan M, Jegannathen A, Gahir D, Karanam S, Sivaramalingam M. P093 Impact of breast size on partial breast radiotherapy planning and short term outcome: a single institution experience at University Hospital of North Midlands (UHNM) UK. Breast 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(23)00210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
|