Noise analysis of Grover and phase estimation algorithms implemented as quantum singular value transformations for a small number of noisy qubits

The quantum singular value transformation (QSVT) algorithm is a general framework to implement most of the known algorithms and provides a way forward for designing new algorithms. In the present work, the impact of noise on the QSVT algorithm is examined for bit flip, phase flip, bit-phase flip, and depolarizing noise models for a small number of qubits. The small number of noisy qubits approximates the currently available noisy quantum computers. For simulation results, the QSVT implementation of the Grover search and quantum phase estimation (QPE) algorithms is considered. These algorithms are among the basic quantum algorithms and form the building blocks of various applications of quantum algorithms. The results showed that the QSVT implementation of the Grover search and QPE algorithms has a consistently worse dependence upon noise than the original implementation for all four noise models. The probability of success of the Grover algorithm and phase measured by the QPE algorithm were found to exponentially depend upon the error probability in the noisy channels but only linearly dependent on the number of qubits.

Comparison of outcome of Ponseti method with traditional clubfoot treatment in children up to five years of age at tertiary care hospital

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of Ponseti treatment with the traditional treatment method for clubfoot. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the orthopedic department of Nishtar Medical Hospital & University Multan for one year. The study included 40 children (29 clubfeet) treated with conventional treatment (pre-Ponseti group) who were compared with 55 Ponseti-treated children (72 clubfeet) (Ponseti group). All children were aged under five years. The traditional treatment involved casting and surgery (if required). All the participants were evaluated by a single orthopedic surgeon. The questionnaire was administered to the parents to collect relevant data. X-ray studies were conducted of all feet and patients’ records were checked for surgical history. Results: Children in the pre-Ponseti group had a significantly higher number of surgeries (54) than those in Ponseti group eight. According to the reports of the parents, children in Ponseti group had significantly better motion in the ankle, lesser pain, and higher satisfaction (p<0.05.whereas, the pre-Ponseti group had a higher incidence of moderate or severe talar flattening rate (p=0.01). Conclusion: Ponseti treatment is better than earlier treatment in terms of lesser need of surgeries, higher flexibility of ankle or foot, and lower presence of X-ray guided talar flattening. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5519 How to cite this:Yaqeen A, Sidra H, Ijaz MA, Ijaz MM. Comparison of outcome of Ponseti method with traditional clubfoot treatment in children up to five years of age at tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5519 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.